China traditional culture writing courseware

The Evolution of China's Mainstream Thought of Traditional Culture

sequence

1

course

"A hundred schools of thought contend" and the formation of Confucianism

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、

The reasons and evaluation of "a hundred schools of thought contend"

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, reason:

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1

)

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,

Great changes have taken place in China society.

Taxis with lower social status,

The rulers of the vassal States.

Use. They represent the interests and demands of their own classes or political factions and put forward their own opinions.

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2

)

Great political and economic changes,

As a result, the educational and academic fields have also changed.

Some people are formed in society to spread culture,

hair

Scholars and schools aiming at academic development. These scholars and schools are called "hundred schools"

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Interrogation between schools,

Refutation,

shaped

"A hundred schools of thought contend"

Situation;

At the same time,

Families absorb each other,

Fusion,

Gradually formed the traditional cultural system of China.

2

, evaluation:

"A hundred schools of thought contend" is the first ideological emancipation movement in the history of China, and it is also the focus in the history of China's academic culture and ideological and moral development.

The important stage laid the foundation for China's ideological and cultural development. Become the source of China traditional culture.

Second, Confucius and early Confucianism

1

Life of Confucius: The surname of Confucius was from Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. He is a famous thinker, educator and political theorist.

Home, the founder of the Confucian school, is regarded as "the most holy" by later generations.

2

Early Confucianism:

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1

) Confucius founded the Confucian school. The core of Confucius' thought is "benevolence"

. He believes that benevolence is love, and people should be mutual.

Love, live in harmony; Be tolerant of others,

"Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you"

. Confucius emphasized that rulers should govern the country by virtue.

Cherish the strength of the people, win their trust, and oppose tyranny and arbitrary punishment. Confucius initiated private lectures and advocated that "there is no class in education"

, went bankrupt

The situation of aristocratic monopoly of culture and education.

(

2

Mencius and Xunzi are two important representatives of Confucian school. Mencius developed Confucius' thought of benevolence and advocated the practice of benevolence.

"benevolent government"

Further put forward

"People are precious,

The country is second,

Jun is light. "

People-oriented thought.

In terms of ethics,

Mencius advocated

"sex

Benshan "

Xunzi also advocated that rulers should use "benevolence and righteousness" and "kingliness" in their administration.

Good for others, put forward "BiZhou also, Shu Ren water also.

The knife cuts bread and fingers.

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three

)

Mencius,

Xunzi summarized and reformed Confucianism,

But it also absorbed some positive and reasonable factors from other schools.

Engage in Confucianism

The learning system is more complete, and Confucianism can better meet the needs of society.

Third, Taoism and Legalism.

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, Taoism:

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Laozi, the founder of Taoism. Laozi believes that the origin of all things in the world is "Tao"

. He emphasized that everything should conform to nature,

Advocate quietness and be content with few desires. He pointed out that the root of social unrest is that human behavior goes against nature and put forward "nothing"

Governing for the people ".

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2

) Zhuangzi, inherited and developed Laozi's theory.

2

Legalist school:

The master of legalism is Han Feizi at the end of the Warring States Period. It is advocated that the monarch should give priority to the rule of law and use politics to control the ministers, so as to be absolute.

Impacting the authority of his subjects, he put forward a systematic theory of rule of law. Legalists promoted the power of the monarch to the extreme and catered to the establishment.

The historical development trend of a unified autocratic country.

sequence

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course

"To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone.

"

One,

From "inaction" to "promising"

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Reason: There were frequent wars and serious social and economic damage in the late Qin Dynasty.

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Objective: In order to resume production and calm people's hearts, the rulers absorbed the Taoist thought of "governing by doing nothing" and were closely related to the people.

Policy.

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Measures: reduce land rent, pardon Shu Ren who sold himself into slavery, let a large number of soldiers go home, grant land and houses, and exempt some.

Taxes and corvees, etc.

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four

Results: After more than 60 years of recuperation, the economic strength of the Han Dynasty gradually recovered and grew, and people's lives and society were stable.

Will be prosperous and the national strength will continue to increase.

(

five

Social problems in the early Han dynasty;

Ahmadinejad (through translator): The influence of the vassal state is expanding day by day, land annexation is serious, and a split situation is taking shape.

Foreigner: Xiongnu invasion and border crisis threatened the stability of the Western Han Dynasty.

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six

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In order to strengthen centralization,

In order to meet the development needs of the national unification situation,

Positive and promising political thoughts have become the needs of the times.

Yes

Second,

"oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone"

1

Dong Zhongshu:

The representative figure of Confucianism in Han Dynasty. He combined Taoism, Legalism, Yin-Yang and Five Elements with Confucianism.

A new Confucian system has been formed. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu participated in the countermeasures three times and expounded his Confucianism.

2

Dong Zhongshu's idea is:

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1

) In order to meet the needs of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to strengthen centralization, he put forward "unification in the Spring and Autumn Period" and "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone"

Advocate. It is proposed that all academic circles that are not within the scope of the Six Classics should be deposed.

(

2

In order to strengthen the monarchical power, Dong Zhongshu preached "the divine right of monarchical power"

. He put forward the theory of "harmony between man and nature" and "interaction between man and nature".