What are the models and methods of teaching

What are the modes and methods of teaching

What are the modes and methods of teaching, in terms of education is of great significance to us, the method of teaching is of great significance to us, the mode of teaching is also targeted and teaching methods, the following share the modes and methods of teaching what are.

What are the teaching models and methods 1

Teaching methods refers to "in order to accomplish certain teaching purposes and tasks, teachers and students in the **** the same activities used in the way, means. It includes both teaching methods and learning methods, and is the unification of teaching and learning methods."

General teaching methods should have the following kinds: lecture method, demonstration method, discussion method, training and practice method, cooperative learning method, demonstration and imitation method, reinforcement method, experimental method, practice method and so on.

Teaching mode refers to the unique style of teaching style, is on the structure of the teaching process, stages, procedures, long-term and diverse teaching practice has formed a relatively stable, characteristic teaching mode. As a structural framework, highlighting the teaching model from the macro grasp of teaching activities as a whole and the internal relationship between the various elements and functions; as the activities of the program highlights the teaching model of order and operability.

The word "model" is the Chinese translation of the English model. model is also translated as "model", "paradigm", "typical" and so on. Typical" and so on. Generally refers to the object under study in the theoretical logical framework, is the experience and theory of an operable knowledge system, is a theoretical reproduction of the reality of a simplified structure. The first to introduce the term model into the field of teaching and learning, and systematic research, when pushing the United States Joyce (B. Joyce) and Weil (M. Weil).

Joyce and Weil in the book "Teaching Model" that: "teaching model is a paradigm or plan for the composition of courses and assignments, the selection of teaching materials, prompting the teacher's activities." An actual instructional model is not a plan, because plans often seem too specific and operational to be theoretical. The term "mode" into the theory of teaching, is to describe the basic structure or framework of various types of teaching activities established under the guidance of a certain teaching ideas or teaching theory, the performance of the teaching process of the procedural strategy system.

Structure

The teaching model usually consists of five factors, which are regularly linked to each other is the structure of the teaching model.

Classification

With regard to the classification of educational models, scholars at home and abroad have different classifications from different perspectives. Joyce and Will according to the theory of teaching mode with the root, distinguish four types of teaching mode: 1, information processing teaching mode 2, personality (human nature) development teaching mode 3, social interaction teaching mode 4, behavior modification teaching mode.

There are many domestic classifications of teaching models. Some researchers have the teaching mode is divided into three categories, one is the teacher and students systematically teach and learn book knowledge teaching mode, one is the teacher counseling students from the activities of their own learning teaching mode, and one is a compromise between the two teaching mode.

Theoretical basis

Teaching mode is a reflection of a certain teaching theory or teaching ideas, is a certain theory under the guidance of the norms of teaching behavior. Different views of education often suggest different teaching models. For example, the theoretical basis for the concept acquisition model and the prior organization model is the learning theory of cognitive psychology, while the theoretical basis for the situational cultivation model is the unity of human conscious mental activity and unconscious mental activity, reason and emotional activity in cognition.

Teaching Objectives

Any teaching mode points to and accomplishes certain teaching objectives, in the structure of the teaching mode teaching objectives are in the core position and play a role in constraining the other factors constituting the teaching mode, which determines the operating procedures of the teaching mode and the combination of teachers and students in the teaching activities, and is also the evaluation of teaching standards and scales. It is also the standard and yardstick of teaching evaluation. It is because of the strong internal unity of teaching mode and teaching objectives that determines the individuality of different teaching modes. Different teaching mode is to complete a certain teaching goal service.

Operating Procedures

Each teaching mode has its own specific logical steps and operating procedures, which stipulates what teachers and students do first and what they do later in teaching activities, and what tasks should be accomplished in each step.

Realization conditions

refers to the teaching model to play a variety of conditions, such as teachers, students, teaching content, teaching tools, teaching environment, teaching time and so on.

Teaching Evaluation

Teaching evaluation refers to a variety of teaching mode is unique to the completion of the teaching task, to achieve the teaching objectives of the evaluation methods and standards. Due to the different teaching tasks to be accomplished by different teaching models and achieve different teaching objectives, the use of different procedures and conditions, of course, its evaluation methods and standards are also different. In addition to some of the more mature teaching mode has formed a set of corresponding evaluation methods and standards, there are a number of teaching mode has not formed their own unique evaluation methods and standards.

Characteristics of the teaching model

1, pointing

As any teaching model is designed around a certain teaching objectives, and the effective use of each teaching model is also required for certain conditions, so there is no teaching process applicable to any universal model, but also to the teaching process. The criterion for evaluating the best teaching mode is the most effective teaching mode that achieves a specific goal under certain circumstances. In the teaching process, when choosing a teaching model, we must pay attention to the characteristics and performance of different teaching models, and pay attention to the directionality of the teaching model.

2, operational

Teaching mode is a concrete, operational teaching ideas or theories, it is a teaching theory or activity in the most central part of the form of a simplified reflection, to provide a more abstract theory of the specific much more concrete framework for the teaching behavior, specific provisions of the teacher's teaching behavior

3. Completeness

The teaching model is the unity of teaching reality and teaching theory, so it has a complete set of structure and a series of operational requirements, reflecting the theoretical self-explanatory and the process of the beginning and end.

4. Stability

The teaching model is a theoretical generalization of a large number of teaching practices, which to a certain extent reveals the universal law of teaching activities. In general, the teaching model does not involve specific subject content, the program provided by the teaching of a general reference role, with a certain degree of stability.

But the teaching model is based on a certain theory or teaching ideas, and a certain theory of teaching and teaching ideas is a product of a certain society, so the teaching model is always with a certain historical period of social politics, economy, science, culture, education, level of contact, subject to the educational policy and educational purposes. Therefore, this stability and is relative.

5, flexibility

As a teaching content is not for a specific teaching, reflecting a certain theory or idea, but also in the specific teaching process of the teaching mode of operation, in the use of the process must take into account the characteristics of the subject, the content of the teaching, the existing teaching conditions and teachers and students of the specific situation, to carry out the subtle method of adjustment, in order to reflect the subject's characteristics, the content of the teaching, existing teaching conditions and the specific situation of the teachers and students. The first step is to make sure that you are able to get the best out of your program.

The function of the teaching model

1, the intermediary role of the teaching model

The intermediary role of the teaching model refers to the teaching model for the teaching of subjects to provide a certain theoretical basis for the model of the pedagogical system, so that the teacher to get rid of the experience and feeling, in practice, the situation of groping for teaching from scratch. The teacher can get rid of the experience and feeling, in the practice of groping from the beginning of the teaching situation, and build a bridge between theory and practice.

This intermediary role of the teaching model is inseparable from the fact that it comes from practice and is a simplified form of a certain theory.

On the one hand, the teaching model comes from practice, is a specific teaching activities are preferred, generalization, processing results, is for a certain type of teaching and the various factors involved and the relationship between them to provide a relatively stable operating framework, this framework has an inherent logical relationship between the theoretical basis, has a theoretical level of significance.

On the other hand, the teaching model is a simplified expression of a certain theory, it can be explained through the concise symbolic symbols, schemas and relationships to reflect the basic features of the teaching theory on which it is based, so that people in the mind to form a much more concrete than the abstract theory of the implementation of the teaching program. Facilitate people's understanding of a teaching theory, but also the abstract theory to play its practical function of the intermediate links, is the theory of teaching and learning to guide the teaching of concrete, and the use of the intermediary in practice.

2. The methodological significance of the teaching model

The study of the teaching model is an innovation in the methodology of teaching research. For a long time people in the teaching research used to take a single stereotyped way of thinking, pay more attention to the analytical approach to the teaching of the various parts of the study, while ignoring the connection or relationship between the various parts; or accustomed to stay in the relationship between the various parts of the abstract discursive understanding of the lack of characteristics as a teaching activity and operability.

The study of teaching mode guides people to explore the interactions between the factors in the teaching process and their diverse forms of expression from a holistic approach, to grasp the essence and laws of the teaching process from a dynamic point of view, and at the same time, to strengthen the design of teaching, the study of the optimal combination of teaching process has a certain role to play in promoting.

Historical development

Teaching mode is the basic structure of teaching activities, each teacher in the teaching work consciously and unconsciously in accordance with a certain teaching mode of teaching, but here there is a you take the existence of a scientific and reasonable question. Understanding the historical development of teaching mode helps people learn from the tradition and the contemporary understanding of a variety of new teaching mode, helps people grasp the development trend of teaching mode.

The Evolution of Teaching Models

The systematic and complete teaching models began with the formation of an independent system of modern pedagogy, and the concept and theory of "teaching model" appeared only after the 1950s in the 20th century. However, in Chinese and foreign teaching practice and teaching thought, there is a very early prototype of teaching mode.

The typical mode of teaching in ancient times was didactic, with the structure of "speaking-listening-reading-remembering-practicing". It is characterized by the teacher to instill knowledge, students passive mechanical acceptance of knowledge, the text of the book and the teacher's explanation is almost exactly the same, the student's answer and the book or teacher's explanation of the same, the student is to rely on mechanical repetition of learning.

By the 17th century, with the introduction of natural science content and intuitive teaching methods in school teaching, the implementation of the classroom system, Comenius proposed that should be explained, questioned, question and answer, practice in the classroom teaching, and observation and other intuitive activities into the system of teaching and learning activities, for the first time, put forward to the "perception - memory - understanding - judgment". Memory - understanding - judgment" as the procedural structure of the teaching model.

The 19th century was a period of scientific experimentation and prosperity. Hurlbut's theory reflects the trend of scientific development to a considerable extent. He started from the theory of unity, the study of human psychological activity, that students in the process of learning, only when the new experience has constituted a psychological unity of concepts in the mass of the concept of the occurrence of the connection, can really master knowledge. Therefore, the teacher's task is to select the right materials and prompt students with appropriate procedures to form their learning background or unity group. From this theory, he proposed a four-stage teaching model of "understanding-union-system-method". Later, his student Rein transformed it into a five-stage teaching model of "preparation - prompting - joint - summary - application".

These teaching modes have a **** nature, they have ignored the students in the learning of the subjectivity, one-sided emphasis on indoctrination, to varying degrees, suppressed and impeded the development of students' personality. So in the 1820s, with the development of capitalist industry, emphasizing the development of individuality and popularity of the idea of the general depth and popularity of the traditional teaching mode represented by Herbart was challenged, and the emergence of Dewey's pragmatism of the theory of education has been respected by the community, but also promote the teaching model a step forward.

Dewey put forward a "child-centered" "do middle school" based on the pragmatic teaching model. The basic procedure of this model is to "create a situation - to determine the problem - the possession of information - put forward the hypothesis - test the hypothesis". This teaching mode breaks the tendency of the previous teaching mode of monotonization, to make up for the shortcomings of Hurlbut's teaching mode, emphasizing the role of the main body of the students. Emphasis on teaching activities, promote students to discover the skills of exploration, access to inquiry and problem-solving skills, opened up a modern teaching model 'new road.

Of course, the pragmatism teaching model also has its defects. It equates the teaching process with the scientific research process, devalues the guiding role of the teacher in the teaching process, unilaterally emphasizes the importance of direct experience, ignores the systematic learning of knowledge, and affects the quality of teaching. Therefore, it was strongly criticized by the society in the 1950s.

Since the 1950s, with the development of science and technology, education is facing the challenge of a new scientific and technological revolution, which promotes the use of new theories and technologies to study the problems of school education and teaching. Modern psychology and thinking science on the human brain activity mechanism of the revelation of epistemology on the individual cognitive process of generalization, cognitive psychology on the human brain to receive and select information activity is the study, especially the system theory, cybernetics, information processing theory, etc., the emergence of the teaching practice has had a profound impact on the teaching model also put forward a number of new topics. Therefore this stage in the field of education appeared a lot of teaching ideas and theories, and at the same time also produced many new teaching models.

What are the methods of teaching young children

1, inspired exploration method. The purpose of the inspired exploration method is to rely on young children have mastered mathematical knowledge and experience, inspired to explore and obtain new knowledge, which is an important method for young children to learn mathematics under the guidance of the teacher, it can maximize the enthusiasm of young children to learn, and fully mobilize young children's initiative to learn.

2, the game method. The purpose of the game method is to trigger young children's interest in learning math through games. The game is a very important way for young children to learn math and method, but also an effective means for young children to obtain mathematical knowledge and the development of thinking.

3, inductive deduction method. Inductive method is to have mastered the knowledge, summarize the simple nature of the characteristics and laws, in order to obtain new mathematical knowledge of the method. Deduction is the use of knowledge with regularity of reasoning to obtain new mathematical knowledge.

4, the comparative method. The purpose of the comparative method is to identify similarities and differences through the comparison of two or more groups of objects. According to the form of comparison, it can be divided into correspondence comparison (such as overlap, etc.) and non-correspondence comparison (such as single and double rows of non-correspondence, etc.).

5, operation method. Operation method is the basic method of learning math for young children. Due to the early childhood period of the various mental processes with obvious characteristics of concrete image and not random, so some novel, plot, change, let them do it activities, can attract their attention and interest. Young children through the operation of activities, through the operation of specific materials.

6, explain the demonstration method. Explain the purpose of the demonstration method is to show through the teacher visual aids and combined with verbal explanation of the abstract number, quantity, shape and other knowledge presented.

Kindergarten inspired teaching to pay attention to what

1, inspired to explore the method throughout the entire math teaching process, as well as the teacher's guidance to young children to actively think about the process of learning to explore.

2, inspired exploration method should be combined with the operation method.

3, the teacher's questions should be able to play a role in guiding the children's thinking and guiding the direction of exploration.

4, in the teacher's inspiration, encourage children to think independently of the problem, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of children's learning.

5, when children encounter difficulties in the learning process, teachers should be timely guidance, encouragement, and help.

In general, kindergarten teaching methods are not simple. What are the teaching methods of kindergarten? Probably the above six teaching methods, but also the most commonly used, easy for children to accept. Because children in kindergarten, is still small, acceptance ability is not as good as elementary school students. So its teaching methods than elementary school students to be more complex, diverse, and not a single teaching.