The Development of Education in China from Ancient Times to the Present

According to different historical periods, education can be divided into five stages: education in primitive society, education in slave society, education in feudal society, education in modern society and education in modern society. The following is mainly according to these five parts of the expansion of the explanation, from ancient to modern to explore the need for it.

Origin of Education - Primitive Society

Education has a history of more than two hundred years, and it originated from human production and labor, and serves the development and survival of human beings. At first, the main form of human education is labor, such as hunting, fishing and other activities, which gradually became our actual life in the necessary security, labor is education, with the living environment and economic conditions of the changes in the form of education is also changing, and then people gradually began to develop animal husbandry, people learned to set up fences, sheep feeding cattle, these are just the life of the education they must, in addition to these, they also have a primitive religious education and primitive education. In addition to these, they also had the education of primitive religion and primitive art education. First of all, they are very high to nature these worship are a kind of spiritual support for primitive people, worship, to totem is very worship as well as to ghosts are also very worship. Secondly, they have a gift for music and dance, as if they have a gift for art education, which reflects that the primitive culture is gradually changing, and the writing is gradually formed at the back, and the formation of the writing marks the upgrading of education, and establishes the foundation of the school for the future. In short, primitive education is characterized by a number of features:

(1) unity of purpose and equality of rights in education;

(2) the content of education is a multifaceted life experience;

(3) educational activities are carried out in the production of life;

(4) teaching by word and example is the main means of education;

(5) there is a clear division of labor between men and women;

(6) there is a clear division of labor between men and women;

(7) there is a clear division of labor between men and women;

(8) there is a clear division of labor between men and women.

(6) There are no specialized educational places.

There are many of the above elements that make primitive education the beginning of the development of education.

Two, the education of the slave society

Slavery period began in about twenty-first century B.C. to 476 B.C., which can be roughly divided into four phases:

(1) the Xia dynasty is the early stage of slavery, which was established by the son of the Xia tribal chief Qi, the education of this period focuses on the military training and morality of the people;

(2) the next the Shang Dynasty, this period of writing has basically reached the stage of maturity, writing has become an important channel and carrier of education, and there is a certain theory of educational practice, which makes the education of the Shang Dynasty rise to a level, and the level of its educational thinking has been improved;

(3) the Western Zhou Dynasty is the heyday of the development of slave education, and the main feature of education in the Western Zhou Dynasty is that the education is "learning in the government", and the form of education is "learning in the government", and the form of education is "learning in the government". The main feature of education in the Western Zhou was "learning in the government", the form of education was to receive family education before learning education, and the main content of learning was to learn the "six arts", i.e., rituals, music, archery, imperialism, calligraphy and mathematics. The "Six Arts" are the characteristics and symbols of Western Zhou education, which not only focuses on moral thinking, but also on cultural knowledge; not only focuses on traditional culture, but also on practical skills; not only focuses on civil and military affairs; but also requires conformity to the norms of etiquette and inner emotional cultivation. Thus, in the economic, political, religious, cultural and military have been greatly improved, compared with the Xia and Shang, the Western Zhou education has been relatively mature, focusing on the various kinds of education needed by the society at that time;

(4) Spring and Autumn period of slavery system collapsed, which is a period of major historical changes in the transition to feudalism.

Three, China's ancient education ideological characteristics and contributions - education in feudal society

Ancient Chinese education is divided into three forms: family education, school education and social education, which has already been mentioned above in the Western Zhou education, which not only had an impact on slavery, but also had a very profound impact on the education of feudal society. In order to discuss ancient education, we must first of all know some of the great men who have contributed to education in our country, and Confucius should be the first one. He is the founder of Confucianism and a great educator and thinker recognized all over the world, and his educational ideas have had a profound impact on us. The contributions of Confucius in the history of education:

1. The important role of education in the development of society and human development was first put forward by him, emphasizing the importance of education;

2. The wind of private lectures was opened by him, thus becoming the forerunner of the Hundred Schools of Thought;

3. He advocated the countermeasure of "teaching without prejudice", making the range of educated people gradually expand.

3. He advocated the response of "teaching all students without discrimination", which gradually broadened the scope of educated people;

4. He advocated the cultivation of political gentlemen, and put forward the principle of "learning and excellence";

5. He attached importance to the inheritance and collation of ancient cultures, and compilation of teaching materials, and the preservation of ancient Chinese cultures;

6. He summarized his experience and practice in education, and was the first one to advocate Inspirational education of students, advocating the implementation of teaching according to students' aptitude;

7. Focusing on the cultivation of moral education, summarizing some important matters that should be observed in order to have moral cultivation;

8. Proposing that teachers should have good professional ethics, such as setting a good example, caring for students, and teaching to the best of one's ability. The founder of the Mozi family was Mo Zhai, who advocated standing on the people's side and working hard for the people's interests. He put forward the "Soushi Saying", which advocated the use of education to build up a good society of love and love, and the purpose of education was to cultivate the common scholar, and his education was full of novelty and creativity, which made the Mozi private school have a certain religious coloring. It not only taught production and scientific knowledge, but was also a teaching group. Until the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Taoist school of thought and education emerged, represented by Zhuang Zhou, whose contribution to education was the invention of the art of Huang Lao, which was more suitable for the needs of the real society, thus counterbalancing the Confucian and Mohist schools. Then later appeared the school of legalism, legalism representative of many people, such as Shang Yang, Li Yul, legalism in the history of education, although the legalist education ideas are quite radical, but to a certain extent also promotes the development of society, which makes the society become more perfect, such as today's society we can not be separated from the constraints of the law, only the law has been greatly improved for the people's life is more protection, for the promotion of the cause of education will also be more favorable, education will also be more favorable. Education will also be more favorable, education is to make us know the law to understand the premise of the law. The above schools of thought have had a very important influence on our later educational endeavors, and are essential for the development of education.

In the late Confucianism is developing very fast, its representative figures are Dong Zhongshu and Zhu Xi, Dong Zhongshu's educational thought is the importance of education for human beings from the nature of human beings, he puts forward the "nature of the three products" said that he divided human nature into "the nature of the saints, in the nature of the people and the nature of the Doo Shau He proposed "three qualities of nature", he divided human nature into "the nature of the saint, the nature of the middle people, and the nature of the bucket," and the purpose of his education was to cultivate the ruled who knew the three principles and the five constants and the talents of the rule of law who "honored the king and brightened his moral integrity," and the content of his education was the Confucian classics and ethical and moral thoughts. And Zhu Xi education purpose is "bright human ethics", the content of education for the father and son have relatives, the ruler and ministers have righteousness, husband and wife are different, the order of young and old, the order of friends, the education stage is divided into two stages of the university and elementary school, Zhu Xi's greatest contribution to the education of his Zhu Xi reading method, the content of which is "gradual and orderly, familiar with reading Fine thinking, the false heart of the culmination of swimming, cut their own perception, with tight force, home respect and hold the will", the two of them have unique insights into the principles of teaching, the two in the education of the feudal society have significant achievements, its profound impact on future generations.

Fourth, China's modern educational thought and contribution

Modern China's education is a Chinese and Western, the old and the new, traditional and modern educational system and educational concepts of conflict and integration of history, from 1840 Opium War, China gradually entered a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and thereafter, the May Fourth Movement, which marked the beginning of China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal society. After that, the "May Fourth Movement" marked the development of China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal bourgeois democratic revolution to a new stage, and the old democracy was transformed into the new democracy, and China's education began a new stage, and China's modern education established a lot of school halls, which made the school management system improved. Education and integration, which should first talk about the "foreign affairs movement", although the failure of this movement, but it is because of its failure to make China's national awakening, which has a certain positive significance to our education:

1. Introduced a number of modern science and technology from the Western capitalist countries, the first group of modern enterprises emerged from China. The first modern enterprises emerged from China.

2. Accumulated production experience and trained technical force for modern enterprises in China.

3. Objectively, it played a role in promoting the emergence and development of Chinese national capitalism and opened the way for China's modernization. In addition to the above various reform of educational thought movement, there are its main characters, first of all, Zhang Zhidong put forward the idea of "Chinese body and western use", the formation of this idea, so that the traditional education content only focus on Confucianism reformed, began to learn the knowledge of natural sciences, China's modern science and technology education began to develop, and cultivate a generation of new people in China, and promote the development of education in China. Promoted the development of education in China. Zhang Zhidong also changed the academy into a school, the implementation of the new academic system, the abolition of the imperial examination system, this system can be credited. Secondly, Cai Yuanpei put forward the educational idea of "five education" (i.e. military education, pragmatism education, civic morality education, worldview education and aesthetic education), which had an important role in China's education. Again, Tao Xingzhi put forward the theory of "life education", the main contents of which are life as education, society as school, teaching and doing as one, and the last one is especially important, which is the teaching methodology of Tao's theory of "life education". Finally, Huang Yanpei on vocational education ideas have very deep insights, he attaches great importance to the socialization of vocational education and scientific, he believes that the socialization and scientific is the vocational education should be followed by the basic policy of schooling, the above ideas of these great people have a lot of things worth absorbing and learn from, for our future development of education to play a role in promoting.

Fifth, China's modern educational thought and contribution

From ancient times to the present China has learned a lot of experience, good and bad, so that we now have a rapid development of education, modern education also has its drawbacks and advantages, first of all, the disadvantages are due to the development of China's economy, the living conditions have become better, people have enough to eat and wear warmth, each family is usually an only child, it is because of the home Fewer children, now the family education has become more scattered, parents overly favor children, making children are spoiled, but because of this defect, the school has become the best place to educate children, in modern society, technology has become more developed, the school teaching application of a lot of multi-media equipment, which is more convenient for teaching, which at the same time, the students also have some adverse effects, now students like to Nowadays, students like to surf the Internet, and cell phones are their essential items, which have both advantages and disadvantages for them. Secondly, China's modern education will carry forward the ancient and modern education, take its long and avoid its short, modern education advocates innovative thinking, the main point of view of innovative education: innovation is the basic function of education in the era of knowledge economy, education in the knowledge of the cause of innovation in the status and role is very important to cultivate the spirit of innovation and ability to develop the quality of education is the focus of the goal of the key to innovative education is to cultivate the students of the creative learning, so that the students play their own unique insights, which is important for the expansion of The key to innovative education is to cultivate students' creative learning, so that they can realize their unique insights, which contributes to the expansion of students' thinking. Modern education attaches great importance to personal practice, and considers social practice more important than a high degree. Of course, a high degree is also very important, but it is not only limited to the rigid knowledge of textbooks, but more flexible, and focuses on applying the knowledge they have learned to practice. Again, modern education advocates lifelong learning, live to learn old education ideas, education to realize the equality of all people, there is no male superiority and female inferiority, which requires students to be moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor combination, so as to become a perfect human being, the above for the development of modern education on the role of students. Modern education also has a very important role for the teacher, the teacher inherited the ancient and modern teacher's favorable characteristics, but also has its own characteristics, now the teacher is not only to educate the students simply learn book knowledge, but also to understand the psychological characteristics of the students, and then do the right medicine, according to the student's personal situation, the implementation of the different, tailored to the needs of the students and pay more attention to the teacher is not to teach how much, but how much students learn on their own. How much they learn. The knowledge of modern education is not fixed, there is no limit, according to the current situation, vocational education is more popular, pay more attention to the technology, rather than rote memorization of things, and promote novelty.

In summary, China's education from ancient times to the present each stage has its different characteristics, the primitive education is the beginning of education, slave education is the pavement period of feudal education, modern education is the transition period of feudal education and modern education, these stages of the development of China's education have a vital role, one is indispensable, from which we can learn a lot, which is for me to become a people's teacher later on Playing an important reference significance, for want for the future will strive to follow the above teacher's standard strict requirements for themselves, and strive to become a diligent, respectable teacher, I believe that in the near future, tomorrow will be better.

References

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