What is Lacquer Art

Modern Chinese lacquer art mainly includes the art of lacquer painting and three-dimensional lacquer modeling.

Lacquer painting in China is developed on the basis of China's long tradition of lacquer ware. It can belong to the category of arts and crafts as well as a new variety of painting, with the dual attributes of arts and crafts and painting, and is a marginal discipline combining painting and crafts. Mr. Qiao Shiguang, a famous lacquer painter, went to Fuzhou several times to learn lacquer techniques from local old artists under the active advocacy of the late Pang Kaigin and Mr. Lei Guiyuan, as early as in his student days, kneaded traditional Chinese lacquer techniques with his own decorative art, and was influenced by Vietnam's grinding lacquer paintings, his lacquer paintings, which are rich in life, decorative and craftsmanship, are strong. The subjects of his works are mostly ethnic minority figures and landscapes of the Jiangnan water town, with a distinctive personal style. Under his influence, lacquer painting in China developed rapidly, spreading all over the country, and in the 1980s it had become an independent type of painting, noticed and recognized by the society. Because lacquer painting uses tools and materials different from other kinds of paintings, and applies techniques different from other kinds of paintings, it produces artistic characteristics that cannot be replaced by other kinds of paintings, and thus is loved by people. The main techniques of lacquer painting are:

Thin material: thinly coated with gold lacquer on a flat lacquer ground, and when the lacquer is not yet dry, it is pasted with gold or silver foil, which is colorful and elegant, and shows the effects of the sky and the river in lacquer paintings.

Grinding Painting: According to the needs of the picture, the first primer painted patterns, and then sprinkled on the top of a variety of gold and silver powder, aluminum powder (metal powder) or lacquer powder, to be dry, the cover lacquer will be fixed in the powder, after drying, sanding and pushing the light, this technique is also known as "maki painting" in Japan, is the lacquer paintings in the application of the more widely used one kind of performance techniques. Through the size of the powder particles, the sparseness of the sprinkling, the different texture, the thickness of the lacquer, and the amount of sanding, rich color layers and texture changes are presented.

Lacquer filling: create a low-slung pattern on the lacquer surface, and then fill it with colorful lacquer, or paste gold and silver foil, and cover it with transparent lacquer after drying. There is also a process called "Tai Fill" by the people of Fuzhou, in which tin sheets are pasted on the lacquer board, flamed and engraved with patterns, then the tin sheets outside the patterns are removed, and then the lacquer is fully covered, polished and pushed to the light, which is also used in lacquer paintings, and is suitable for decorative lacquer paintings.

Change coating: also known as splash color filler, splash thick lacquer on the lacquer board, and then sprinkle or drop thinner, the lacquer is dispersed, flowing, fusion, leaving uneven, such as sprinkling water leaves a low-concave water stains like. Can also with the help of leaves, rice, various beans or with a brush, dip and other tools to cause the surface of the paint is uneven, to obtain a natural texture, and then fill in the paint. Can also be used locally according to the needs of the painting.

Carved lacquer: roughly divided into three categories.

Carved gray, into the knife deeper, revealing the push light under the layer of gray lacquer, or Yang or Yin Wen large-scale eradication of lacquer, and then fill in the color lacquer. The process is simple, there is a kind of woodcut with the same sharp, sharp, single knife straight into the beauty.

Shallow carving, also known as "Shen Jin" in Japan, not for the depth of the carving shovel, but more with a knife to scrape the skin, with a variety of different lines and points to express the structure of the object in the picture. It is characterized by meticulous detail, a strong sense of three-dimensionality, a strong sense of wholeness, and a strong sense of decorativeness. When gold powder is filled into the scratching groove, it is called "bump gold", when silver powder is filled in, it is "bump silver", and when colored lacquer is filled in, it is "bump color".

Needle engraving, on the lacquer surface of the push good light, with a steel needle engraving pattern, engraving pattern light and light, suitable for fine line pattern, but should not be viewed from a distance.

Inlaid, in modern Chinese lacquer paintings, inlaid eggshell process with more, first remove the film inside the eggshell, lacquer as an adhesive, the eggshell pasted on the screen and press the broken, there will be natural cracks, broken porcelain Kiln-like natural cracks, due to the color of the egg skin, paste different sparse different, as well as sanding of the light and heavy different, and presents a rich texture and the relationship between the dark and light sketches. There are also inlaid conch shells to the colorful conch shells (flakes), cut into the picture of the required appearance, and then pasted on the lacquer plate, and then covered with lacquer polishing. Tin itself is colorful, in the black lacquer under the backdrop, it looks more glittering, fully embodies the beauty of the material.

Contemporary famous lacquer artist Mr. Qiao Shiguang is a professor at the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, his work "Water Festival" was awarded the second prize in 1978 in the 5th National Art Exhibition, the work "Tibetan Plateau" was awarded the silver medal in the 6th National Art Exhibition, but also were awarded the silver medal of the 2nd Korea-China International Painting Award in 1990, and 26th Asia-Pacific Modern Fine Arts Fujitai International Award. Water Country" is his masterpiece. In this work, the white wall of the house is represented by eggshells and the difference in color between eggshells and duck eggshells is used to show the relationship between the distance and the perspective of the house and the house, and the ice cracks shown by the crushed eggshells show the flavor of the old "bricks" and "walls". The flavor of the black paint is also a good expression of the roof, the water and the sky is even more brilliant treatment, using a thin material process, elegant silver-gray to dress up the picture as if the earth's paradise, both realistic and exaggerated, vivid, natural, real performance of the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan. In the treatment of color, it also shows the author's ingenious conception, the whole picture has only three colors, black, white and grey, but it is so richly expressive of all the things in the water town of Jiangnan. This work is very successful both in art and in the treatment of craftsmanship, and is a model of the combination of art and craftsmanship. It is highly decorative and gives people a fresh and elegant artistic enjoyment. Mr. Qiao Shiguang has served as the director of the Chinese Artists Association, the president of the China Lacquer Painting Research Association, and the permanent director of the World Lacquer Culture Society.

Three-dimensional lacquer modeling, in recent years, on the basis of China's traditional lacquer ware, and by the influence of Japanese and Korean lacquer gradually developed, also known as "lacquer sculpture", in addition to its use of performance, more emphasis on its decorative in the environmental arts, the use of the language of lacquer to beautify people's living space. Its molding means mainly include wooden tire, stripped tire, stupid board fat and rope tire, paper tire, soft metal tire, leather tire, glass and so on. It is molded by using different materials and lacquer as binder and curing agent, and then decorated with lacquer, or maki-e, or shen-jin, or lacquered. It has now formed a new art trend internationally. Comparatively speaking, it pays more attention to the techniques and materials of lacquer art than lacquer painting. Decorative vase "flowing line" 40 centimeters high, 45 centimeters wide, is our country in 1995 to complete the lacquer three-dimensional modeling works, styling the pursuit of childish simplicity, heavy, but in the form of a wide but not thick, in the vase on the stand with a protruding line of flow, to create the shape of the appropriate, coincide with the two sides of the standing line in the form of the different, forming a song of The two sides of the vase are different in form, forming a piece of music that pulsates. Decorative techniques on the use of gold leaf maki-e, from top to bottom, from more and less, and then covered with transparent lacquer, soft and coordinated tone, brilliant, highlighting the characteristics of the lacquer.

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