"Early farming civilizations in Chinese history", find 5 things wrong.

Oceanic civilization originated in the Mediterranean Sea, whose jagged coastline and rugged lands are filled with large and small bays, harbors and inland seas, and whose coastal lands are mainly spread over mountains and hills, dense forests and barren lands. Obviously, under these conditions, people in order to be self-sufficient in their own land, is more difficult to be isolated, in order to survive, you have to pass on trade with the outside world. But in order to trade with the outside world, it is necessary to have a better transportation environment, but at that time, the shore of the Mediterranean steep terrain, rugged road traffic is relatively backward, the transportation cost of land transactions, and thus small-scale land transactions, but they have an abundance of excellent natural seaports along the Mediterranean coast, the development of maritime trade, became a natural choice. As in Greece, only 18% of the total area of Greece? can be cultivated, 8% of meadows and pastures, 9% of woodlands, and the other 65% is mountainous, while this figure for cultivated land in antiquity was much smaller. Looking at the map, we can see that Athens, the main city of Greece, in the eastern region, had a privileged geographic location that made it the gateway to the East, the Greek Athens and sent a constant stream of goods and culture speaking Asia Minor from the prosperous Greece, Greece, and thus began to grow. From 490 BC to 449 BC the battle of Posse, the victory of Greece, Greece, Athens, the development of peace and stability of the environment, became the center of political, economic and cultural exchanges in the ancient Mediterranean, Greece like a skinny hand, bending the fingers of the Mediterranean region, seized the initial source of marine civilization. The Greek merchant fleet shuttled between the East and the West, and maritime trade has also become a major economic pillar.

Agricultural civilization represented by the four major ancient civilizations, the four major ancient civilizations, China, Ancient India, Babylon, Ancient Egypt, these places have a **** the same characteristics, originated in the middle and lower reaches of the river on both sides, relying on the fertile and flat land and suitable climatic conditions, the development of cultivation, and created a dazzling ancient civilization, and thus also known as the river civilization of the agrarian civilization. China, for example, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River on both sides of the land for the development of Chinese agriculture has unique conditions, such as the source of the ancient civilization is vast and flat, rich in fertility, adequate irrigation water, mild climate, arable land crop yield is quite rich ancestors stopped migrating, according to the water gate, relying on agricultural self-sufficiency, and a safe life, appeasement of life. Agricultural development of people's livelihood, is good or bad, so China's rulers attached great importance to agriculture, Han Gaozu said: "Agriculture, gold beads, hunger can not be edible, cold is not the world of clothes." Tang Taizong also said: "Fresh people days, the original farmers." Agriculture Xing world Xing, thus throughout Chinese history, political, economic, scientific and technological things around the breeding of life, therefore, ancient China's agriculture and related water projects are very developed. The farmers did not through trade, waging war, rich material life, just need to intensively in their own land, hard work, spare time to pray for good weather, you can have enough to eat, wear no worries. This shows that the whole natural environment of the farming civilization sprouted from the soil.

Based on the above reasons, the marine civilization and farming civilization, politics took different paths, distinctive characteristics of the marine civilization, democracy and freedom, authoritarian farming civilization is very prominent.

European civilization originated in ancient Greece, tracing its roots from the Greek politics. Western countries, the ancient democratic tradition, ancient Greece is naturally the cradle of democratic politics. Divided into many small city-state, the culture of the ancient Greek nation in the various cities, the mutual recognition between the countries, the unity of customs and language, but politically autonomous city-state has its own cherish their own self-governing city-state citizens of the politics of the right to participate in a variety of public **** activities, the justice of something Greek citizens cherish personal freedom, the pursuit of such equality between the city-state between citizens, is very much to speak of democracy. Democratic tradition formed over time. Later, ancient Greece, the center of civilization of ancient Rome transferred, Rome also has a democratic tradition. It can be divided into *** and the era, the imperial era of Roman kingship. Republican period, we can get a glimpse of the underlying causes of today's democracy. Divided into the ancient Roman Senate, consuls and public assemblies of the three authorities, departments of legislation, administrative and judicial supervision, mutual constraints on labor, this "separation of powers" is a basic political system of the Roman **** and the state, this system has far-reaching implications for future generations, today's giants of the United States to take the "Separation of Powers". The struggle between the plebeians and the aristocracy and ancient Rome, the power of the plebeians also slowly passed a series of laws have been enhanced.

And looking at agrarian civilizations, it seems that since ancient times, the lack of democratic traditions, all centralized systems. Taking China as an example, ancient China also had a few splits in time, but on the main line of history or the state of vassalage in a unified totalitarian empire, the Spring and Spring and Autumn Periods of China went from splits to unification and developed into an authoritarian system of monarchy that lasted more than 2,000 years in China, the whole system was hierarchical from the first to be somewhat limited by the supremacy of the imperial power of the late feudal imperial power. But why? Reading a book, 1, made me feel appropriate that China's economy is based on the idea that farming primarily arable land has become a crucial condition for survival and that farmers striving to cultivate the land must make full use of the limited arable land to increase food production per acre on the land in order to do so, and must be assured of a stable, strong, and centralized political environment. Imagine if China's land was divided in the country, in order to ensure that their country towards a wealthy population, people rely on the land to eat the limited land to compete for the object, to stop the wars, to bring agriculture to a standstill, to produce, in order to have a stable environment, to realize the sustainable development of agriculture, the history of China to choose the unification of the system and the centralized political system.

Overall, focusing on the economic and political characteristics of commerce and democracy of the marine civilization, play an active role in creating a suitable social environment, the marine biological civilization of the people. Due to the long wearing four seeking foreign trade through the sea, such people live in the spirit of adventure of the marine civilization, constantly entering the unknown territory throughout the marine civilization provides a vibrant open state, while "I hope you will get a glass of water on the road. "This requirement made them adventurous with foreign expansion of the nature of colonial aggression, and has continued the colonial wars, constantly interrupting the development of their civilization, democratic politics has also made them more focused on the individual rights of the defenders, more personalized. Agrarian civilization, rely on the sky to eat, isolated, there is a strong centralized system of repression, making the stability of the agrarian civilization cautious, do not think of change, go with the flow, advocating peaceful unification, closed self-defense stoicism, wide and calm inheritance.

Marine civilization and farming civilization, now what we usually call Western civilization and Eastern civilization, in modern times, in a race with the marine civilization and farming civilization, farming civilization began to show signs of fatigue, in a disadvantageous position, while the marine civilization as the representative of the United States of America's global hegemony under the pointing of the identity of the some people began to think that the marine civilization is superior to the farming civilization, trying to transplant the Western economic system and political system of the Eastern lands, such as China's reform and opening up movement, revolution, but it seems strange that such direct transplantation is always no way to succeed. Perhaps they forgot that the development of any civilization has been rooted in the long-term soil, has its own temperament, how to grow well in a directly transplanted soil and water? However, after a period of purgatory painful history, the modern and ancient agricultural civilization, whose roots in the earth are firmly and tenaciously re-enchanted luster, once again attracted the attention of the whole world attitudes of moderation and perseverance. In fact, both marine civilization and agricultural civilization have their own merits and demerits, we can't one-sidedly comment on which one is better for the construction of the two civilizations, the history of the construction of the two civilizations has several times fused with each other to enrich each other's elements and infuse fresh blood into each other, geographic discovery up to the present time, the integration of the world economy is an inescapable reality, the more intense conflict between the two sides should be also more salient factors that make them more Vigorous leapfrog with the marine civilization and agricultural civilization, development.