What are the thoughts of Confucius, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi and Mozi?

Confucius was a famous thinker, a great educator and the founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius' educational thought is mainly embodied in the Analects of Confucius written by him and his disciples. That is to say, Confucius' ideas of teaching without distinction, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, being persuasive, not ashamed to ask questions, practicing, combining learning with thinking, learning new teaching methods, never tire of learning and never tire of teaching are all important manifestations.

Confucius' theory is the highest moral standard with "benevolence" as the core, which boils down to observing the etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty ("resisting etiquette is benevolence"); Inheriting the tradition of six arts education in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the teaching syllabus is "erudite in literature, taking etiquette as a contract", and the basic teaching subjects are poetry, calligraphy, etiquette, music, Yi, Spring and Autumn; Teaching ideas and methods emphasize "applying what you have learned" and attach importance to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. The basic methods of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude are heuristic and inductive.

2. Mencius

Mencius was a famous thinker in the mid-Warring States period in China, and his educational thoughts played an important role in the history of ancient education in China. Later generations called his thoughts and Confucius' thoughts "the way of Confucius and Mencius".

(1) Mencius initiated the theory of "goodness of nature" in China's educational history.

(2) Mencius thinks that the same thing is the same kind, and the same kind is the same sex, and puts forward the idea of intellectual equality of "sage and my kind" and "everyone can think of Yao and Shun".

(3) Mencius proposed that the main purpose of education is to cultivate "good people", "ruling people" and "hardworking people". He believes that education is the foundation of national politics.

(4) Mencius put forward the teaching principle of "teaching is also versatile" and implemented five educational methods: (1) For those who learn well, they should be "like rain" (that is, rain and dew moisten vegetation); (2) Taking virtue as goodness and paying attention to his moral cultivation; (3) For people with higher talents, let them have knowledge; (4) For the general, adopt the method of "answering questions"; (5) For those who can't go to school, let him teach himself.

(5) In the process and principle of moral education, he thinks that a person's moral cultivation starts with ambition and goodness, and he can distinguish good from evil. Being good is not evil, he should be ashamed of not being good.

3. Lao Zi and Zhuangzi

Laozi is the founder of Taoism, which advocates returning to nature and humanity, and letting nature take its course is the best education. He thinks that everything has its opposite. He advocated "inaction", asked the people to conform to nature and opposed the rulers disturbing the people. Laozi totally denies the value of cultural education. The main arguments about educational thought in Laozi are as follows: 1. The theory of cultural degradation; The second is the theory of "return" of human nature; Third, the theory of "abandoning wisdom".

Zhuangzi inherited Laozi's thought of "Taoism is natural", but Zhuangzi put forward that it is more about self-cultivation, that is to say, it is more about letting oneself have morality than letting others regulate their moral behavior. Any behavior of human beings is the embodiment of the laws of nature, which advocates that human beings conform to nature.

4. Mozi

Mozi was a famous thinker, educator, scientist, strategist, founder and main representative of Mohism in the early Warring States period.