What is the principle of beamforming?

Beamforming is a signal processing technology, which is used to control the direction of signal propagation and improve its signal-to-noise ratio. It achieves this goal by combining the signals of multiple receiving antennas or transmitting antennas. Beamforming algorithm can be used to directionally propagate signals, suppress interference, reduce reflection and fading, etc.

The concrete principle is to construct a linear combination between multiple receiving/transmitting antennas, so that the combined vectors have the maximum gain in a given direction and the minimum gain in other directions.

Commonly used beamforming algorithms include MVDR algorithm based on minimum mean square error, LCMV algorithm based on power specification and MUSIC algorithm based on steering vector.