Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - What does folk music mean?
What does folk music mean?
China folk music (also known as Chinese mainland folk music, Taiwan Province folk music, Hong Kong, Macao, Hua Le and overseas Hua Le) refers to all kinds of music based on China traditional music. Music includes solo concertos of various national musical instruments in China, various traditional instrumental ensembles in China, national orchestral ensembles and ensembles developed in modern times, China national style music played by symphony orchestra, and China national vocal music.
According to archaeological findings, Chinese folk music can be traced back to more than 7000 years ago, and ancient literature generally dates back to the Yellow Emperor. In the long history of thousands of years, the Chinese nation has created incomparably rich national music culture in terms of form and artistic conception. It pays attention to the neutralization, simplicity, moderation, implication and emptiness of artistic expression. Give priority to with pentatonic scale. Different from western traditional art, it pays more attention to the expression of line form. Since the 20th century, with the massive introduction of western music, "Eurocentrism" in the ideological field and the lack of in-depth understanding of national music culture by Chinese people, China national music has been gradually ignored. During the Republic of China, Shanghai produced many excellent China pop music. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, national music has been excavated and studied to a great extent, and once wanted to establish a "China Conservatory of Music". With the deepening of reform and opening up, national music has been impacted and challenged by pop music in Hong Kong and Taiwan. In recent years, many musicians have mentioned
Question 2: What does folk music mean? Folk music refers to national music.
Chinese folk music refers to traditional folk music played by Chinese traditional musical instruments in the form of solo and ensemble.
China has a long history of national instrumental music. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, blowing sheng, hammering, drumming, percussion and playing the piano were popular among the people. At that time, Qin musicians such as Shi Juanhe appeared, as well as the famous piano music "Mountain" and "Running Water". Percussion music in Qin and Han dynasties, commercial music in Wei and Jin dynasties, pipa music in Sui and Tang dynasties, fine music and pure music in Song dynasty, top ten gongs and drums and strings in Yuan and Ming dynasties, etc. , there are various forms of performance. Modern genres and forms are the inheritance and development of traditional forms.
National instrumental music includes solos and ensembles of various instruments and ensembles of different instrument combinations. Different instrument combinations, different tracks and different playing styles have formed a variety of instrumental music. The solo music of various musical instruments is an important part of national instrumental music. Qinqu Guangling San and Meihua Sannong; Pipa music house of flying daggers and sunset flute and drum; Zheng Music "Fishing Boat Singing Late" and "Western Western jackdaw Playing in the Water"; Suona music "A Hundred Birds Facing the Phoenix" and "Open the Door"; Flute "Bangzi" and "Partridge Flying"; Erhu music "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" and so on are all excellent solo tracks.
Ensemble with pure percussion instruments such as gongs and drums, with rich timbre and strong sense of rhythm, is good at expressing warm, lively and light life interest. For example, the preface to the Eight Immortals (gongs and drums in eastern Zhejiang), the 18th * * * 2nd (beating in southern Jiangsu), kicking shuttlecock and turning over (Guagua Society in Shaanxi), starling bathing (Tujia people in western Hunan) and so on.
Suo Le, composed of various stringed instruments, is good at elegance, lyricism, simplicity and elegance, and is suitable for indoor performance. For example, sixteen boards (thirteen sets of strings), high mountains, flowing water (Henan Bantouqu) and so on.
The combination of wind instruments and stringed instruments plays the music of silk and bamboo, and the playing style is meticulous, showing lively emotions, such as March 6, walking through the streets (bamboo in the south of the Yangtze River), rain beating banana, walking horse (Guangdong music), eight horses, plum blossom exercise (Fujian Nanyin) and so on.
Percussion is composed of wind instruments and percussion instruments, with rough playing style, suitable for outdoor playing and good at expressing warm and cheerful emotions. Such as your legend (playing in southern Jiangsu), Dayuanmen (gongs and drums in eastern Zhejiang), Putian Music (advocated by Shandong) and Double Bite Goose (gongs and drums in Chaozhou). There are many kinds of percussion instruments, and stringed instruments are used in bands, so the music has the characteristics of silk and bamboo music, such as Fang (played in southern Jiangsu) and Wu (played in Fuzhou). Generally speaking, percussion music popular in the north emphasizes "blowing" and has high playing skills; The popular percussion music in the south emphasizes "beating", and gongs and drums play an important role in percussion music.
Traditional national instrumental performances are mostly combined with folk customs such as weddings, funerals and celebrations, court ceremonies and religious ceremonies, and rarely take the form of pure instrumental performances. The practicality of national instrumental music makes many instrumental music tracks change because of different occasions.
Traditional national instrumental music has a title, which is divided into two categories: standard name and standard meaning. The false name only gives a name to the music to show the difference between A and B, and it has no direct connection with the music content, such as Gong Shang Zhi, Si Duan Jin, Jiu Lian Huan and Ten Scenes of Gong and Drum. Symbolic titles use song titles, section titles, problem solving, etc. to express the content of music, such as running water, disarming the overlord and winning the dragon.
Folk instrumental music is divided into "solo" and "suite" according to traditional habits. Singles are mostly singles and independent tunes. The divertimento consists of several tunes or independent paragraphs. For example, North-South school pipa Daqu 13 sets and Northern Shaanxi school 8 sets. According to the types of music structure, there are mainly variations, loops, antithesis and polyphony, among which variations and antithesis are the most common.
Various variation techniques are widely used in creation. Folk artists are good at decorating the melody with flowers by various playing techniques when playing a tune repeatedly, such as Welcome (flute) and Wedding Song (suona). "Slowly adding flowers" is also a common variation technique, which multiplies the structure of the "mother song" and makes it decorated with flowers. For example, Ode to Joy (Bamboo Silk in the South of the Yangtze River), Embroidered Pocket in the South (Song of Two People) and Liu Qingniang (Chorus Poetry in Chaozhou) all put the paragraph "Slow down and add flowers" before the "mother song". Another variation technique is to change the structure of the theme. For example, the theme of Erhu Opera "Two Springs Reflecting on the Moon" expands and contracts at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence in the next five variations. However, the "Voice of the Iron Policy Board" in Pipa's Spring Snow White adopts the inversion of structural order. This structural change is common in gongs and drums.
Since the 1920s, Liu Tianhua, Nie Er, etc. & gt
Question 3: Basic characteristics of national music First of all, from the composition of music, China music is based on pentatonic music. The so-called pentatonic mode is a mode composed of five tones: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Qian and Yu, which is similar to 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 in notation. Six tones and seven tones in national music are developed on the basis of five tones. China's traditional music is generally written in five tones, such as the folk songs Jasmine, Running Water, Five Brothers Grazing Sheep, Instrumental Music, Moonlit Night on a Spring River, Three Lane of Plum Blossoms and so on. In the past, people often called people who sang incorrectly "pentatonic scale", and pentatonic scale here refers to these five sounds in pentatonic scale form. Secondly, in the form of musical expression, China's music pays attention to the horizontal development of music, that is, the expression of melody. Like China's calligraphy, painting and other arts, in terms of artistic style, China's music pays attention to the charm of melody, emphasizing the scattered form and the scattered spirit. Traditional China's music works are often performed in the form of a single melody, and harmony is rarely used. For example, the top ten famous songs in ancient China are basically solo tracks of a certain musical instrument. Ensemble music is generally used in court ceremonies, religious ceremonies, competitions to meet the gods and other large-scale occasions, which is very different from western music that emphasizes harmony. Thirdly, China traditional music is closely related to sister arts such as dance and poetry. In ancient times, music was generally inseparable from dance, such as the "Music and Dance in the Six Dynasties" in ancient times, the song and dance in the Tang Dynasty, and the opera music that appeared after the Tang and Song Dynasties, all of which reflected the combination of music and dance. Ancient poems are generally divided into three categories: poems, words and songs. At first, they were all used for singing, but later, the function of poetry was divided. From the perspective of modern music, most of the lyrics of songs rhyme, and a good lyric is also a good poem. In addition, China's national vocal music art has its own characteristics in singing. We usually call this kind of singing method, which is created by the people of China in thousands of years of music practice, has distinctive national characteristics and conforms to the appreciation habits of the people of China, as "national singing method". The characteristics of national singing are: emphasizing the bright and sweet voice, vivid language and simple feelings, emphasizing the roundness of lines and clear articulation, emphasizing the use of breath, and paying attention to true voice singing. In recent years, on the basis of inheriting the traditional singing method of our country, Chinese vocal music workers constantly learn from and absorb the characteristics of Bel Canto, making the national singing method more scientific and more vital. China's opera singing is also a kind of national singing, and it is very distinctive. There are many kinds of operas in China, and different operas have different singing methods, among which Peking Opera is the most representative. In Beijing opera, singing is also called singing. The five roles of life, Dan, quietness, beauty and ugliness in Beijing Opera have their own vocals, which are complex and changeable, with both true and false voices and exquisite methods, and are unique singing methods in the world. Many essences of modern national singing are derived from China's traditional opera singing.
Question 4: What is national music? In what is ethnomusicology, the research object of ethnomusicology is divided into 80 lines. He believes that this subject "mainly discusses three types of music,
The first category is music without words, which is related to a society without words.
The second black label C0 is all kinds of music of Asian and North African cultures, namely, the music cultures of China, Japanese, Java, Bali, Southwest Asia, India, Iran and * * * countries (and regions).
The third category is folk music, which can be defined as the music handed down orally in the above-mentioned advanced Asian culture and western civilization. "
Question 5: What does Anmingle Road mean? I like talking about stabilizing people's lives.
Question 6: What are the benefits of learning folk music for us? The so-called national music refers to the literati music, religious music, folk music and court music accumulated and constructed by 56 ethnic groups in China on the basis of their own traditional culture. So what's the use of learning folk music? Music appears to the world in the form of human behavior. As an important part of culture, it has been accompanied by human development. In short, its function is as follows: 1. National music is the cultural carrier of national culture, reflecting the social, historical features, aesthetic and other economic, natural and cultural conditions at that time. This helps us to understand the past history, aesthetics, values and so on from another side. 2. National music has the function of self-cultivation and helps people solve their own relationship (spirit). 3. As a carrier of national beliefs and values, the prosperity of national music helps to enhance the self-confidence and patriotism of the people throughout the country. Although the current situation is that it seems that western music occupies most people's hearts and thinks that they are extremely noble, China's is the antique. However, this is not the case. Most of the national music in many countries was spread from the Han Dynasty to the Tang and Ming Dynasties, and then developed on this basis, so here are no examples. This shows one thing, not that China's music is not good, but that the economy has not yet dominated the world. As long as China's economy dominates the world, opera is world pop music. Therefore, learning folk music plays a great role.
Question 7: What do the five tones of China folk music mean: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Qian and Yu?
Five tones, also known as "five tones". In ancient times, the pentatonic ratio of Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu was less than 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6, which was similar to modern music notation. Later, two changes were added, namely Gong change and Zheng change. Gongbian is similar to "7" in modern notation and slightly similar to "4" in modern notation. There is no sound equivalent to "4" in China traditional music. Five tones plus two variations are called "seven tones" or "seven tones", thus forming a seven-tone scale: Gong (1), quotient (2), angle (3), variation (4), sign (5), feather (6) and variation Gong (7).
There are three classification directions: Le Qing mode, Elegant Music mode and Pleasant Speech mode.
Five tones, like the simple theoretical forms of Yin and Yang, Five Elements, Five Flavors, Five Colors and Five Grains in ancient China, are regarded by westerners as the basic form of the whole oriental music.
Question 8: The relationship among traditional music, national music and folk music 1. The types and ranges of music included in traditional music.
In today's China music, there are not only rich historical resources, but also rich folk traditional resources. These resources are living traditions, attracting the interest of Chinese and foreign scholars. According to China's traditional music theory, China's national music can be divided into five categories.
1, instrumental music
China's instrumental music can be divided into two categories: solo and ensemble. Solos are once again divided into bowstring, plucked, blowpipe, percussion and other categories.
Similarly, ensemble music can be further divided into string Suo Le, bamboo music, wind music, drum music and percussion music. These five kinds of ensemble music constitute the essence of China traditional music.
2. Opera music
There are more than 300 kinds of local dramas in China. These operas can be divided into four categories according to different music: (1) Pi Huangqiang; (2) Bangzi Opera: (3) Kunqu Opera; (4) high cavity. Peking Opera belongs to Pi Huangqiang.
3. Rap music
China is regarded as a country rich in rap music. Rap refers to the musical elements contained in Quyi. The main feature of this kind of music is that it often tells stories in singing. According to a preliminary investigation, there are more than 300 kinds of local rap songs in China, which can be divided into eight categories: (1) drum words; (2) Qin Shu; (3) typing); (4) fishing drums; 5 (Paiziqu; (6) Walking and singing; (7) Zaqu; Ban Yong.
4. Folk songs
Folk songs are the basis of all kinds of folk music. In China, due to its vast territory and large population, there are colorful folk songs everywhere. Generally speaking, China folk songs can be divided into three categories: (1) folk songs; (2) underage; (3) Labor songs.
5. Folk dance music
There are also many different styles of folk dances in China. Among them, (1) yangko is the most popular; (2) waist drum; (3) dry ship operation; (4) lanterns; (5) picking tea; Wait a minute. Folk music is a kind of song or music that expresses folk life and production.
China folk music is divided into: folk songs, folk song and dance music, folk instrumental music, folk rap music and folk opera music (folk music), also known as folk songs, folk music and folk short poems. , referred to as folk songs, folk songs, folk music or folk songs. In IFMC's interpretation, it means "pop music developed through oral communication", that is, the process of music communication is pure. Its range includes songs, simple musical instruments, and even dance music and dance steps. This explanation is related to the redefinition of folk music, folklore and folk dance in the middle of19th century. It is generally believed that this term and theory were defined from 1846, which was put forward by the British anthropologist W.J. Thomas.
Therefore ... national music includes traditional music. Some branches of folk music are national music.
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