Binzhou local customs

Lu Opera: Around 1870, natural disasters occurred frequently in Huimin area, Shandong Province, which is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, forcing some farmers to make a living by "skill". They learn to sing local popular country tunes and "meditation" and make a living by selling songs and begging. The more famous ones are Sun Zhongxin and Zhang in Boxing County. Later, they absorbed the singing form of "make-up dulcimer", with "playing pipa" and "dulcimer" as the main accompaniment instruments, and gradually began to play characters and perform short stories. Then, a band of several people was formed, which has a simple foundation of singing and dancing such as martial arts, the basic characteristics of local opera and the embryonic form of Lu opera, laying the foundation for the rapid development in the future. Lu Xiao opera is deeply loved and welcomed by local people with its strong local flavor, simple, vivid and lively performance characteristics, and its performance team is also growing. At the beginning of the 20th century, "Shunhe Class", "Yihe Class" and "Qinghe Class" were formed successively. At this point, the performance of Lu opera has basically formed four main lines: life, Dan, cleanliness and ugliness, with more than one role type 10; Musically, basic plates such as Siping, Baner and Running Water and simple gongs and drums classics have been formed. There are more and more small dramas, and there are also some big dramas and series.

195 1 At the end of the year, the Boxing County People's Government established the Boxing County People's Lu Troupe on the basis of the county amateur troupe. 1958, the troupe upgraded to Zibo and was named "Lu Troupe in Zibo". 196 1 year was assigned to Huimin area, and it was renamed as "Huimin Area Lu Troupe", now known as Binzhou Lu Troupe. In 2002, Boxing County Lu Troupe was formally established.

Lu Opera is famous for its mellow singing, spicy and authentic dialects and performances full of local flavor, which contains strong local flavor. Many excellent plays vividly reflect Qilu folk customs, with healthy and lively content, humorous lyrics and high ideological and artistic quality, so they have become famous local operas loved by hundreds of millions of people. It has created a group of Lu opera performance artists and stage rookies.

The woodcut New Year pictures in Qinghe Town originated from Yangliuqing New Year pictures in Tianjin, and their ancestor Wang was brought to Qinghe Town from Jixian County in Tianjin via Zaoqiang in Hebei Province. In the following decades, it inspired other lovers of surname New Year pictures in Qinghe Town (such as Zhang, Zhou, Ji and Cao Shi). After years of development, it has become an art form deeply loved by people in northern Shandong. In its heyday, there were more than 60 painting shops all over Gaoqing, Boxing, Zouping, Binzhou, Yangxin, Wudi, Jiyang, Shanghe, Zhangqiu, Yucheng and Cangzhou.

With the development of society and the progress of science, the woodcut New Year pictures in Qinghe Town have been improved, and gradually evolved into a woodcut overprint method, which is divided into working procedures such as typing, engraving, black printing, color registration and color application. It has the characteristics of concise conception, clear theme, profound meaning, beautiful shape, exaggerated deformation, smooth linear condensation, firmness or boldness. The woodcut New Year pictures in Qinghe Town have bright colors, strong contrast and harmonious and changeable color matching. Painters often overprint in red, yellow, green, blue, purple, pink and other colors, pursuing local flavor, fragrant rhyme and simplicity. In its nearly 300-year development history, the woodcut New Year pictures in Qinghe Town have influenced the whole northern Shandong area, and the isomorphism with other folk arts has formed the cultural diversity and pluralism in this area.

In 2006, "Qinghe Town Woodblock New Year Pictures" was approved by Shandong Provincial People's Government to be included in the first batch of "Shandong Intangible Cultural Heritage List".

The production technology of blue calico has a long history in Binzhou and Boxing. It is a skill integrating life and art. The color is mainly blue and white, which has the artistic characteristics of freshness, simplicity, natural harmony and elegance. Blue calico is a popular cloth and a traditional handicraft in boxing. It is an essential item for young men and women in rural areas to sew and package their dowry when they get married. Besides, the old blue calico is a symbol of a well-off life.

Blue printed cloth is made by spreading a hollow pattern on a white cloth, scraping the dye-proof paste into the gap of the pattern with a trowel and printing it on the cloth surface, dipping it in indigo after drying, and scraping off the dye-proof paste powder after drying to show a blue and white pattern. The dyed cloth is blue and white, with deep and bright colors, simple and elegant patterns and strong local flavor.

The production technology of blue calico is a folk technology formed by working people in long-term social practice. This technology is very unique and is the crystallization of the wisdom of working people. Its flower patterns are full of strong local flavor and ethnic customs, soft, natural, fresh, beautiful, exquisite and elegant, with distinctive local colors and ethnic characteristics, and have extremely high technological value, aesthetic value and practical value.

At present, the Geng Shi family in Boxing County still retains this traditional skill and produces some blue calico works. However, there is no traditional dyeing house, and the blue calico that has been passed down for thousands of years is facing difficulties and needs urgent protection.

In 2009, "Blue Calico Printing and Dyeing Skills" was approved by Shandong Provincial People's Government to be included in the second batch of "Shandong Intangible Cultural Heritage List".

In addition, there are Hu Hui people, that is, from the Hui people. Pancakes are a traditional dish in Binzhou. According to legend, this kind of cake was made by a shop named Xing in Xiguan in the late Qing Dynasty, also called Xingjia pot cake. First, make two small cakes with soft flour and bake them in a pan for later use. Then, it is made of eggs, cooked meat, tofu and coriander, rolled into cakes, slightly fried and cut into pieces.

Sesame crisp candy is a traditional product in Binzhou City, Shandong Province, which enjoys a high reputation outside the province and has a long history of more than 70 years. The product is a unique skill handed down from generation to generation by three generations, and there is a complete production method, which is roughly divided into six steps. From the initial production of a variety of colors, it has developed into four different flavors of sesame crisp candy: pineapple, orange, osmanthus and hawthorn. A new variety of short-branch variation of red Fuji apple-Huimin short-branch red Fuji line 1988, named Huifu 1. This variety is characterized by short trees, suitable for close planting, simple management, early fruiting, high yield and remarkable economic benefits. Generally, it takes two years to see flowers, three years to bear fruit and four years to produce high yield. The average yield per mu is as high as 2348.9 kg, which is 3.5 times that of ordinary red Fuji. The fruit is big, the color is good and the quality is good. Its average single fruit weight is 202.5g, and the maximum single fruit weight is over 500g. The fruit is all red, bright and beautiful, the flesh is light yellow, the meat is crisp and thin, the juice is rich, and the soluble solid content is as high as 16%. Fruit 65438+ 10 ripens in late October, which is extremely resistant to storage and has better harvest effect in later period. This variety is highly adaptable. According to the large-scale planting situation of 13 provinces and cities in China, it can be developed in all suitable apple planting areas in China. 199 1 year, Shandong provincial science and technology commission approved the provincial trial planting project, and Huimin county was designated as the breeding base of improved apple varieties by the provincial forestry department. During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, the Ministry of Forestry designated Huimin short-branch red Fuji as a national key promotion variety. By 1994, more than 65,438+600 million seedlings of red fuji with short branches had been cultivated in Huimin county, and spread to 13 provinces, cities and regions nationwide, with a planting area of more than 3 million mu. During the period of 1996, Huimin short-branch red Fuji apple won the outstanding achievement award at the national agricultural science and technology achievement exhibition and the gold medal at the provincial famous, special and excellent fruit appraisal meeting.

Zhanhua Dongzao has been cultivated for more than 500 years, and it is a unique late-maturing jujube variety in Binzhou. Because the fruit is huge and ripe in early winter, it is also called Apple Jujube, Yanlaihong, Frozen Jujube and Rock Sugar Jujube, which is a rare late-maturing fine fresh jujube variety. The single fruit weighs about 25 grams, and the maximum fruit weight is 45 grams, which is nearly spherical. Before ripening, it often glows on the sunny side, and its size is uneven, with an average weight of 14 g, which is three times that of Jinsixiaozao. Winter jujube peel is bright, ochre red, thin and brittle, and can be cracked when landing. Its pulp is thick, tender and juicy, chewed without residue, sweet and slightly sour, and has excellent taste, which is most suitable for fresh food. It contains 18 kinds of amino acids needed by human body, such as aspartic acid and threonine, and is also rich in protein, fat, dietary fiber, vitamins and mineral nutrients such as potassium, iron and copper. The vitamin content is 70 times that of apple and 0/00 times that of pear. Its core is small and has a core. The tree is weak, with a stretched posture and a small crown. Adult trees are about 5 meters high and the crown diameter is generally less than 5 meters. It likes to grow in rich and deep soil.

The cultivation of Changshan yam began in the Tang Dynasty with a history of 1300 years. Because of its high yield, good quality and high nutritional value, it has been welcomed by domestic and foreign merchants. 200 1, Changshan Town, Zouping County was named "Hometown of Yam in China"; In 2002, Changshan Yam passed the certification of pollution-free agricultural products in Shandong Province. Changshan yam has a long history of planting, among which wool-washed yam has been planted in this town for more than 100 years. Wool-washed yam is of good quality and has high edible and medicinal value.

Wudi county has a long history of planting jujube, which has a history of more than 2300 years. Jujube-grain intercropping is one million mu, and its quality and yield rank first in China. Known as "the first county of jujube in China", it enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Zizyphus jujuba cv. Jinsi has bright color, rich kernel meat, continuous golden thread, delicious nectar, rich nutrition and high medicinal value. Known as the "hundred herbs guide", it has been recorded for a long time in the book Compendium of Materia Medica. This is a good nourishing food. Because it can pull out Jin Shanshan's filaments when it matures, it gets this reputation. Jujube contains 70-80% sugar and is rich in vitamins and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. Has effects in relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, promoting tissue regeneration, invigorating spleen, moistening lung, enhancing immunity, and lowering cholesterol. Zizyphus jujuba can be made into jujube tea by itself, and it can be drunk smoothly before going to bed without any side effects, which is very beneficial to the body. It can not only be eaten directly, but also be processed into nutritious food such as candied dates, candied dates and drinks.

Huimin peach belongs to the southern strain, with gorgeous appearance and tender meat. The fruit development period is 1 15- 130 days, the average fruit weight is 257 grams, the maximum fruit weight is 750 grams, the surface hardness is high, the soluble solid content is 12%- 15%, and it can be stored at room temperature. Peach production adopts the most advanced and up-to-date market operation mode, and comprehensively promotes the latest technologies such as formula fertilization, scientific pruning, artificial pollination, thinning flowers and fruits, bagging fruits and picking by stages. All the indexes of the produced fruits meet the standards of pollution-free products in Shandong Province. August 1997, 1 1, the peach passed the expert appraisal organized by the provincial science and technology commission and was named "Huimin peach"; 1999 passed the variety appraisal of Shandong Variety Committee and was officially named "Huimin Peach"; June, 2000 165438+ 10 passed the certification of pollution-free products in Shandong province, and it was determined that the pollution-free Huimin peach base was 5000 mu.

Zhanggaoshui apricot is a local specialty that grows in a special natural environment. It is as big as a peach, with bright skin color, crisp and sweet taste, rich fragrance, refreshing and delicious, and rich nutrition. It has been cultivated for more than 400 years and enjoys a long-standing reputation. Besides fresh food, water apricot can also be processed into high-grade nutritious food and snack seasoning. Almond is a precious Chinese herbal medicine.

Yellow River Wudaokou rice is produced in Qingtian Street, Bincheng District. The whole rice producing area governs 25 natural villages, covering an area of 666.67 hectares, with an annual output of 6 million kilograms. Wudaokou rice has the advantages of uniform particles, small white belly, rich nutrition, good color and taste, strong commodity and so on, and is exported to Jiaodong, Jianghuai and other regions, as well as Japan, South Korea and other countries. 200 1 has been tested by the provincial department of agriculture, which fully meets the standards of pollution-free agricultural products and successfully passed the certification.