Problems and suggestions in poverty alleviation work

Accurate poverty alleviation is a new requirement put forward by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in the new era. Promoting accurate poverty alleviation and building a well-off society in an all-round way is the biggest political task at present. The following are the problems and suggestions I have collected in poverty alleviation work, hoping to help everyone!

Problems and Suggestions in Poverty Alleviation 1 Through the investigation in Cangxi County and the comparative analysis of 88 poverty-stricken counties in the province, it is found that the enthusiasm and vitality of promoting a new round of poverty alleviation and development are very high, but there are still six problems that need attention in how to better help the poor and get rid of poverty accurately, from irrigation to drip irrigation.

1. Solve the problem of identifying wrong and poor marginal groups.

To achieve "six precisions", the accuracy of supporting objects is the foundation. According to the standard that the per capita net income of farmers in 20 13 years is less than 2736 yuan, it is open, transparent and simple to identify poor households and set up a file, but there are still some problems that cannot be ignored in the actual screening statistics. First, the error of household survey brings identification deviation. Due to the influence of traditional culture, most farmers have the mentality of "storing wealth for the people", and it is difficult to fully understand the income of rural families only by short-term household surveys. Surveyors have limited means to collect data and confirm the authenticity of data, which may not be completely accurate. In addition, there are still a few people who want to be poor households, and some farmers separate their children from their parents' accounts before they are recognized, resulting in an increase in elderly poor households with meager income; Second, the egalitarian mentality of the masses has caused man-made "loss of unification" phenomenon. In some areas, poor households are evaluated. The masses think that it is "riding a double horse" to evaluate poor households after taking the subsistence allowance. Some grassroots work is not meticulous and the checks are not strict, resulting in some poor households being "missed"; Third, farmers who are above the critical poverty line are prone to return to poverty due to disasters. Sampling survey shows that in 2065,438+03, farmers whose per capita net income just exceeded 2,736 yuan still accounted for nearly 2%. These groups can't directly enjoy the policy dividends brought by precision poverty alleviation, and their ability to resist disasters and risks is weak, and they are easy to evolve into relatively vulnerable groups.

2. Outstanding problems affecting and restricting the sustained growth of rural economy

The survey found that with the arrival of the new economic normal, some new situations and problems appeared in the vast rural areas, especially in poverty-stricken areas, which affected the increase of agricultural production and farmers' income and restricted the poor people from getting rid of poverty and running towards a well-off society. First, a large number of rural laborers go out to bring "hollowing out". At present, there is a general outflow of rural population, most young people go out to work for a long time, and most of them are left behind in rural areas. The shortage of labor force makes it difficult to promote the rapid development of rural economy; The second is the "low income" brought by the single industrial structure in rural areas. The income of farmers in poor villages mainly comes from traditional industries such as growing grain and raising pigs. Agricultural products have a single structure and low added value, so it is difficult for farmers to directly benefit from traditional agriculture. In addition, the development of new cooperative economic organizations in poor mountainous areas is slow, and there are a large number of "empty shells" in rural economic cooperative organizations, which leads to low land transfer prices in poor villages and low income of poor households; Third, the weak rural infrastructure has brought about "difficulties in running a healthy life". Some poor towns and villages are located in remote mountainous areas, where infrastructure construction lags behind, roads are "clear and rainy", irrigation and water conservancy facilities are not perfect, and the situation of relying on the weather for food has not been completely reversed. Locals use the catchphrase "houses are destroyed and people die, muddy roads are neglected, chickens fly and chickens fly, and it is difficult for men to marry" to describe their living environment.

3. The problem of low participation and insufficient role of poverty alleviation subjects.

It is found in the survey that the current society and the masses have too high expectations for poverty alleviation and development. Many people simply think that it is only the responsibility of party committees and governments at all levels to get rid of poverty and run a well-off society healthily. In order to effectively co-ordinate all aspects of resources and strength, and form the greatest synergy for poverty alleviation, we must face up to the leading, participatory and subjective roles, and study and solve the following problems: First, some township (town) village party organizations lack the ability to lead and become rich. Township cadres have heavy tasks and assume multiple roles. They are both organizational leaders and concrete implementers, and there are many aspects to be taken care of in grasping a line. In some remote towns and villages, it is difficult to guarantee poverty alleviation due to the rapid flow of personnel. Individual village party branch teams are weak and lax, and village party secretaries and village directors are older and have lower education level. Taking Cangxi County as an example, the average age of Party branch secretaries in 2 14 poor villages is 52.4 years old, and there are 36 people with college education or above, accounting for only 16.8%. Moreover, the average age in party member is over 57 years old, and it can't keep up with the needs of the situation in poverty alleviation concept, policy control, organization and mobilization, technical guidance, and serving the masses. Second, some departments' assistance measures are simple and not targeted. It is found that some departments and units responsible for helping poor villages attach importance to financial and material assistance, ignoring poverty alleviation and internal self-restraint, emphasizing income increase in the current year and ignoring long-term planning support. Different departments and industries have different benefits for the poor, especially the police, doctors and teachers. Because of the particularity of its work, the help to the contact object is often mainly to give money and things, and the help effect can not meet the psychological expectations of the masses. Third, the overall problem of social poverty alleviation is "fragmented". Social organizations and enterprises have different degrees of utilitarianism in participating in public welfare poverty alleviation, focusing on formal poverty alleviation, coupled with asymmetric information and insufficient overall linkage, which is prone to multi-head assistance, missing assistance and repeated assistance; The fourth is the problem of insufficient activation of the main role of the masses. Some poor people lack the awareness of independent poverty alleviation, and think that poverty alleviation means that the state gives money to things, or even only takes money and does nothing. There is a phenomenon of "equal demand" and lack of initiative, and there is a phenomenon of "rushing up but not rushing down, and it is cold outside and hot inside". A small number of grassroots cadres have not publicized the poverty alleviation policy enough, and failed to really mobilize the enthusiasm of the poor people to participate through effective incentive mechanisms for poverty alleviation.

4. Bottleneck problem of insufficient funds for poverty alleviation and development projects

The survey found that the lack of project funds is a major bottleneck restricting poverty-stricken areas from getting rid of poverty and becoming rich. First, the sources of special funds are scattered and it is difficult to integrate. All kinds of project funds have different requirements in the procedures of approval, disbursement, management and acceptance. Local governments can only use "money to buy rice and money to pump oil", which leads to "small stocks can't flow big" and can't concentrate on big things; Second, the fiscal volume at the county and township levels is insufficient and difficult to support. Most poverty-stricken counties belong to "food finance", and more than 90% of the projects need local matching funds. Due to the multiple pressures such as the contradiction between revenue and expenditure and new debts, some grassroots cadres are "both eager and afraid" of project funds, and some projects give up reporting because local finance can't come up with matching funds; Third, poverty alleviation projects are less attractive to social capital and it is difficult to raise funds. Poverty alleviation projects have low return on investment, long cycle and many potential risks, so it is difficult to attract social capital investment. The development of county-level financing platform is low, the financing platform is lacking, the financial environment is relatively backward due to credit rating restrictions, and farmers lack effective asset mortgage and third-party guarantee, so it is difficult to obtain effective financing from financial institutions.

5. I am worried that policy cuts will lead to poverty after poverty alleviation.

According to the survey, the goals of poverty alleviation at all levels have been determined, and the timetable and road map are clear, but the incentives for poverty alleviation in advance are not clear. First, governments at all levels have no clear data indicators for poverty alleviation. At present, the province has assigned poverty alleviation tasks to poor counties, but no clear poverty alleviation mechanism has been introduced. 20 14 "assessment method for rural poverty alleviation and development in poverty-stricken counties of Sichuan province" was tried out, but there were no clear quantitative requirements for work objectives, security objectives and effectiveness objectives. In practical work, what standards should poor villages and poor households use for acceptance? With the change of economic growth and price index, it is difficult to achieve accurate and effective assistance measures and efforts without specific reference scale. Counties as a unit, according to the poverty alleviation plan and the actual situation to calculate the relevant indicators and put them into practice. If it is inconsistent with the poverty alleviation indicators issued by the province in the future, many grassroots cadres are worried about the rework of related work; Second, the pressure expectation in the consolidation period after poverty alleviation has caused the concern of "taking off the hat and reducing the policy". Some grassroots cadres believe that support policies and project funds will be reduced sooner or later after poverty alleviation. In addition, there is no clear incentive mechanism for counties (cities, districts) to take the lead in poverty alleviation, so they are worried about taking the lead in poverty alleviation and fearing that the poor marginal population will return to poverty due to unpredictable diseases and natural disasters. Some cadres are not enthusiastic about taking off their hats voluntarily.

6. The inherent "path dependence" of some cadres leads to extensive poverty alleviation methods.

Cadres are the decisive factor in promoting poverty alleviation and development. In order to achieve the goal and task of poverty alleviation put forward by the provincial party Committee, it is necessary to speed up the improvement of the ability and literacy of the majority of cadres. First of all, we need to innovate further in our thinking. According to the survey, some grassroots cadres have insufficient understanding of the importance and urgency of poverty alleviation, are uncertain about the poverty alleviation policy in the new stage, look at the new poverty alleviation with old eyes and solve new problems with old methods. It is believed that poverty alleviation means sending money and materials, tearing down the old and building new ones, and building roads and bridges, which leads to disorderly allocation of poverty alleviation resources and low work efficiency. Second, the working methods need to be further improved. It is believed that the "poor roots" of the masses are difficult to uproot, the "poor diseases" are difficult to eradicate, and poverty alleviation is difficult to achieve in the short term. It is customary to use demonstration sites instead of precision poverty alleviation, and engage in bonsai, flower arrangement and pile poverty alleviation. Some funds for poverty alleviation projects are not fully used in the cutting edge, which is icing on the cake, but the progress on the surface is obviously lagging behind; Third, it needs to be further strengthened in treating poverty diseases with the right medicine. In some places, the precise poverty alleviation plans and measures of "adapting to local conditions, one household and one policy, treating both the symptoms and the root causes" have not been implemented, or they just put out poverty alleviation plans, saying one thing and doing another. In some places, according to traditional thinking, efforts are balanced, and "pepper noodles" are not enough; Fourth, we need to further improve our understanding of precision poverty alleviation. Some grassroots cadres don't have a deep understanding of precision poverty alleviation, and they don't have a strong sense of making up for shortcomings. They believe that all problems in poverty alleviation can be solved through sustainable development, and they still use the development effect driven by major projects to cover up the predicament of precise poverty alleviation. According to the survey, most of the key poverty alleviation projects listed in some places are investment projects and major engineering projects, and development projects are unilaterally substituted for precision poverty alleviation projects.

Countermeasures and suggestions

In the investigation, the author deeply feels that accurate poverty alleviation is of great significance to the comprehensive realization of a well-off society. We should attach importance to studying new situations and problems in poverty alleviation and development, put forward targeted countermeasures and measures, and promote the implementation of the spirit of the plenary session of the provincial party Committee.

1. Insist on accurate objects and clear classification, and focus on "six precisions"

Fully promoting the implementation of the poverty alleviation plan is the premise of implementing the "six precisions". Cangxi county has improved the identification and evaluation methods, further comprehensively investigated the basic data of poor households, and ensured the accurate identification of poor people. Establish a database management system for poor people, and effectively strengthen the dynamic management of poor households who have set up files. First, efforts should be made to eliminate the "policy poverty gap". Actively implement fixed-point poverty alleviation, mobilize and guide social forces to help the poor and marginal poor people outside the stalls in the investigation, and put an end to the dilemma of being declared out of poverty and running healthy and still hovering on the poverty line; The second is to focus on strengthening publicity and education for the masses. Adhere to the policy of promoting poverty alleviation from village to household, strengthen the demonstration and guidance of party member cadres and advanced rural culture, gradually get rid of the mentality of comparing with others and the idea of "what is important", abandon the bad atmosphere of "striving for poverty" and "unwilling to get rid of poverty", and form a good situation in which cadres and the masses work together to get rid of poverty; Third, strive to realize the transformation of "lazy people" in rural areas. For a few rural "lazy people" who are healthy but unwilling to get rich through labor and live below the poverty line, it is necessary to explore the implementation of the "responsibility poverty alleviation" mechanism and formulate a list of responsibilities, which will be assessed by the villagers' supervision Committee by quantifying the amount of labor, participating in social welfare activities, and enrolling their children, as an important basis for them to enjoy the national poverty alleviation policy. Use economic means to mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of rural poor "lazy people" to get rid of poverty and run towards a well-off society.

2. Adhere to local conditions and classified implementation to stimulate the endogenous vitality of the rural economy.

Adhere to the combination of poverty alleviation and prosperity, step by step, based on resource endowment, adjust measures to local conditions, and promote the construction of new villages and industrial development. Highlight planning guidance, coordinate infrastructure construction, industrial development, public services, ecological protection and rural landscape transformation, and make unified planning, step-by-step implementation and step-by-step promotion. In the construction of new villages, based on the principle of "gathering suitability, gathering suitability and dispersing suitability", we should embody the characteristics of small-scale, micro-pastoral and group-like mountain villages and create folk houses with distinctive local characteristics and cultural connotations. In terms of industrial development, based on the principle of "outstanding characteristics and integration of agriculture and tourism", we will build a leading industry that integrates households into gardens and villages, with Cheng Zhen and Dacheng Town. Vigorously promote the comprehensive development model of "one area and four parks" in Cangxi Modern Agricultural Park, comprehensively build characteristic industrial parks, leisure and sightseeing parks, science and technology demonstration parks and business incubators, radiate poor retail investors to develop industries and work in the park, and increase farmers' income through multiple channels. The economic development in poverty-stricken areas is not simply equivalent to the growth of products and services output in this area and the increase of farmers' per capita income.

3. Adhere to overall planning and integration of resources, and gather all forces to support participation in poverty alleviation.

Poverty alleviation is a systematic project, which requires party committees and governments at all levels to strengthen organizational leadership and play a leading role in planning and design, arrangement and deployment, overall coordination, key investment, assessment and acceptance. It also needs the cooperation of all levels and departments and real help. At the same time, it also needs the participation of the whole society. Cangxi county has explored and established a mechanism of "county-level overall planning, township-based, mass-based and departmental linkage", which has played a better role as the main body of responsibility, implementation and mass. It is suggested to intensify the work in the following aspects: First, innovate the working mechanism of poverty alleviation and development, and solve the problem of "how to help". Establish a "four-to-county" system for poverty alleviation objectives, tasks, funds and powers and responsibilities, and improve the overall integration ability of county-level party committees and governments for poverty alleviation resources; The second is to decompose and implement the responsibility of poverty alleviation and development at all levels and departments, and solve the problem of "who will help". Establish a statistical monitoring and performance evaluation mechanism for poverty alleviation and development, further urge and mobilize the enthusiasm of all levels and departments, and ensure that each poor village has 1 contact group leader, 1 resident assistance working group, 1 resident assistance unit and 1 "first secretary" to conduct pressure at all levels and implement responsibilities; The third is to guide social forces to participate in an orderly manner and solve the problem of "all come to help". Actively cultivate multi-social poverty alleviation subjects, establish an information platform for social assistance for the poor, timely release the poverty alleviation needs and social assistance trends of the poor through the Internet and the media, and improve the accuracy and effectiveness of social forces' participation in poverty alleviation. Encourage enterprises, social organizations and caring people to participate in helping and promote the gathering of social resources to poor areas and groups; Fourth, adhere to the incentive orientation to improve the participation of the masses and solve the problem of "self-help". Use market means to promote poverty alleviation and development, encourage people to be self-reliant and develop industries, guide rural rich leaders to help poor households get rid of poverty and become rich through "mentoring", promote the sustained and stable income increase of poor households in the industrial chain, and accelerate the realization of accurate poverty alleviation.

4. Insist on exploration and practice, broaden channels, and solve the financial constraints of poverty alleviation and development with diversified investment.

Further broaden the financing channels to support the development of poverty-stricken areas and solve the problem of "where does the money come from?" First, the policy of giving priority to poverty-stricken counties by increasing or decreasing the linked indicators of urban and rural construction land will remain unchanged. Allow the balance indicators of key counties of national poverty alleviation and development work in Qinba Mountain area to be used in first-tier cities in the province. Support the planning and implementation of special bond issuance projects such as ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation, urban infrastructure construction and improvement of people's livelihood. For places where the county-level platform is weak and financing is difficult, the project income and national special bonds can be issued in the form of "county leading city" to win more financial support; The second is to implement the government and social capital cooperation (PPP) model. Guide industrial and commercial capital, private capital and social capital to invest in infrastructure, and solve the problem of insufficient investment in local poverty alleviation funds due to scattered sources and large demand. Effectively integrate financial resources, strengthen convenient preferential financial policies and measures covering poor areas and poor people, and extend the financial service chain; The third is to do everything possible to incite financial funds. More project funds directly subsidized by the government will be converted into policy interest subsidies, guarantee funds and risk compensation funds; Establish a rural property rights transfer transaction and mortgage registration service platform, and moderately carry out rural property rights mortgage financing pilot. Expand the scale and scope of rural micro-credit loans. Guide agricultural guarantee companies and SME guarantee companies to give priority to providing credit guarantee services for leading enterprises engaged in poverty alleviation and development. Pilot the development model of rural mutual funds cooperatives and increase financial support for the development of poor households through multiple channels; The fourth is strict supervision and management. Strengthen the inspection of the construction of poverty alleviation projects and the use of funds, ensure the accurate implementation of projects and the accurate use of funds, and prevent leakage.

5. Persist in the long term, get rid of poverty and become rich, and promote sustainable development with the deepening of poverty alleviation policies.

Change the "reverse incentive" of "getting rid of poverty and weaning" and implement the "positive incentive" of "helping the horse a journey". The first is to establish a poverty exit mechanism. Study and introduce the index system and operation methods to test poverty-stricken villages and poor people out of poverty, and clarify the exit standards of poor counties and poor villages; The second is to insist on support. Maintain the stability and continuity of supporting policies for poor counties, further increase investment in poor counties and give differentiated policy support; The third is to reward and encourage the first to get rid of poverty. We will introduce a reward policy for tackling poverty and give a one-time reward to poor villages and poor households who have achieved poverty alleviation ahead of schedule. On a trial basis, the performance of "uncapping" is linked to the performance appraisal, and the county and township leading bodies that "uncapped" in advance are commended and encouraged.

6. Insist on selecting talents and appointing people according to their abilities, and further enhance the open consciousness and ability of cadres and masses in poverty-stricken areas.

The advancement of precision poverty alleviation is a change in poverty alleviation ideas, a change in development concepts, and a change in selecting and employing people and evaluating cadres. First, adhere to the achievements in poverty alleviation and development as an important basis for selecting cadres. Pay attention to finding cadres from the front line of poverty alleviation and development, promote and reuse those who work wholeheartedly and have outstanding achievements, and be seriously accountable for poor work or even fraud. Pay attention to the selection of cadres with high political quality, strong working ability, rich grassroots experience and pragmatic style to the township leading bodies, and select leading cadres familiar with agricultural industry, tourism development, village construction, rural finance and mass work for key poor towns and villages. Pay attention to strengthening the assessment management of the "first secretary" team, and excellent "first secretary" can enter the township party Committee team to ensure that the poverty alleviation force is substantial and the leadership ability is strong; The second is to fully promote the training of cadres in poverty-stricken areas. Establish a special talent training fund, set up special training courses for grassroots cadres and poverty alleviation talents, and strengthen cooperation with universities.

Agricultural industrialization scientific research institutions cooperate with leading enterprises, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, train poverty alleviation talents, improve the level of accurate poverty alleviation policies and practical skills of grassroots cadres and talents, and stimulate the "hematopoietic" potential of poverty alleviation; The third is to optimize the incentive policy for talent introduction in poverty-stricken areas. Preferential policies are given to college graduates in poor areas who are willing to return to work in poor towns and villages in recruiting college students as "village officials" and hiring civil servants. We will increase the attraction to outstanding overseas entrepreneurs, optimize the entrepreneurial environment, encourage all localities to establish entrepreneurial parks in their hometowns, and introduce enterprise management talents who know technology, management and operation and rural practical technical talents through multiple channels. By establishing entities such as "talent+project", "talent+base" and "talent+industry", we will open up green channels and give preferential policy support.

Problems and Suggestions in Poverty Alleviation Part II During the precision poverty alleviation work in our county, resident teams have been stationed in eight villages in our town, achieving full coverage of poor villages and poor people for the first time. The problem of "who helps the poor" has been solved by setting up a file for poor households. Through pairing assistance, the problem of "who will help the poor" is solved; Through accurate poverty alleviation, the transformation from "flood irrigation" poverty alleviation to "drip irrigation" poverty alleviation has been realized, which has formed a strong synergy of poverty alleviation and development and achieved good results. However, some local cadres and the masses have a serious idea of "waiting, wanting and relying". There are seven obstacles in poor villages, such as backward infrastructure, lack of industrial support, harsh climatic conditions, lack of living resources, housing difficulties, transportation difficulties, irrigation difficulties, drinking water difficulties, school difficulties and medical difficulties, which seriously restrict farmers' production and life. With the deepening of precision poverty alleviation work, due to insufficient investment in poverty alleviation funds, the resident team lacks service means; The strength of village-level collective economy is weak, the village-level collective economy is generally zero, and the problem of "no money to do things" is very prominent; All poor households will be lifted out of poverty within three years, and so on. It is inevitable that poor households can get rid of poverty steadily and get out of the strange circle of "getting rid of poverty-getting rid of poverty-returning to poverty".

Suggestion:

First, we will further promote the deep integration of resident assistance and precision poverty alleviation, and effectively solve the problem of "doing things without money". The management system of "township declaration, county-level examination and approval, rural implementation, township initial inspection, county-level acceptance and township reimbursement" is implemented for poverty alleviation projects within the county. Its core is to declare the implementation project in villages and towns, and take the opinions of the village "two committees" and the resident team as the necessary conditions for the project declaration, otherwise the county-level poverty alleviation department will not accept the declared project;

The second is to implement the "four processes" of the resident team. On the premise of adhering to the guidance of planning and giving full play to the dominant position of poor people, through villagers' autonomy and "one thing, one discussion", we will implement the "four processes" management of poverty alleviation project funds such as "full participation in project declaration, full guidance in project implementation, full supervision of projects and full supervision of project evaluation", increase the publicity of projects, effectively improve the behavioral ability of resident teams and the endogenous motivation of the masses, and promote the deep integration of precision poverty alleviation and resident work.

The third is to further promote the deep integration of resident assistance and "team building" and effectively solve the problem of "no one is doing things". The first is to establish a task force that will never retreat. Give prominence to key points, give classified guidance, focus on rectifying weak and lax village party branches, constantly improve the ability of the two committees of village branches to lead the masses out of poverty and become rich, build a "never back down" poverty alleviation team, lay a solid organizational foundation for long-term poverty alleviation, and strengthen the village-level collective economic strength. Supporting industries is the basis of support, vigorously promoting the construction of characteristic agriculture in mountainous areas, focusing on short, flat and fast characteristic industries, focusing on developing long-term industries, and realizing the combination of long-term income-increasing projects for farmers. Explore the effective realization forms of collective ownership with stock cooperation as the main content, such as "company+cooperative+farmer", "company+leading enterprises for poverty alleviation+farmer", village-enterprise integration, and agriculture-industry integration. At the same time, for those who need loans, the bank will provide loans to support agriculture, and implement the policy of "less than 50,000 yuan, less than 3 years, no mortgage guarantee, and preferential interest rates for poverty alleviation" to gradually solve the problems of difficult loans and high loan costs for poor households.

Fourth, give full play to the overall supervision role of the resident team. Focusing on the key links of poverty alleviation projects, such as declaration, project establishment, examination and approval, fund allocation, reimbursement, implementation, supervision, acceptance and performance evaluation, we should give full play to the overall supervision role of the resident team, comprehensively strengthen supervision and inspection from the source, effectively avoid "the will of the chief executive", and be responsible, well-behaved and effective in defending the soil. All functional departments should take the initiative to disclose the application conditions of poverty alleviation projects, strictly follow the project application procedures, and earnestly accept the supervision of the whole process of declaring the "first mile" and implementing the "last mile" of poverty alleviation projects, so as to make accurate poverty alleviation full of vitality, and earnestly achieve sunshine poverty alleviation, fair poverty alleviation and accurate poverty alleviation, so that all poor households can really get rid of poverty.