What are the characteristics of longshan black pottery?

Longshan black pottery is another excellent variety and ancient traditional pottery-making technique after Yangshao painted pottery. It is the culture of China in the late Neolithic period more than 4,000 years ago. Characterized by black pottery, it is called "black pottery culture". It was first discovered in Chengziya, Longshan Street, Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, Shandong Province in 1928, so it is also called "Longshan Culture".

Black pottery technology mainly adopts the method of pottery wheel system. It does not win by decoration, but is good at modeling. When black pottery is fired, the surface of the pottery presents a dark black luster by carbonization method of sealing kiln and smoking. Its surface is polished very smoothly, with only some strings, scratches or holes. Black, thin, bright and new are the four characteristics of black pottery. Among them, there is a kind of thin-walled black pottery, which is black and bright and as thin as an eggshell, and is called eggshell pottery, which represents the outstanding achievements of this type of pottery.

Black pottery has a variety of shapes, mainly complex shapes, but few are simple, but they are dignified and beautiful, with delicate and moist texture, calm and elegant luster, and a pearl-like soft and quiet beauty, which is of high appreciation value. Common utensils are bowls, pots, cans, urns, beans, single-ear cups and kettles.

The firing technology of the new generation Longshan black pottery is based on the local argillaceous characteristics and ancient production methods. It has the advantages of practicality, ingenuity and economy. In molding, there are two main technological processes: plastic method and grouting method.

The plastic method includes 17 processes, such as material selection, ball milling, filter pressing, vacuum mud refining, aging, blank drawing, drying, blank cutting, calendering, carving, polishing, drying and firing. Mainly used to produce bottles, containers and other products with large and irregular shapes. Firstly, the refined plastic clay block is put on the molding machine for green body molding. After drying to a certain extent, the blank is placed on a forming machine for cutting and calendering. When the water content of the green body is 8- 12%, it is carved and then polished, and then it can be fired in the kiln.

Grouting method includes four processes: material selection, batching, type selection, mold turnover, grouting, drying, demoulding, blank cutting, calendering, firing and so on 14. It is mainly used to make special-shaped products such as round carvings and reliefs, which takes less time than the plastic method and is an advanced manufacturing method.

In firing, the gradual upgrading carburizing method combining traditional technology with modern technology is emphasized, which makes the product completely black, and the higher the blackness of the product, the brighter the surface, which fully shows the characteristics of black pottery.

Due to the exquisite selection of materials and exquisite craftsmanship, not only the objects have holes and patterns, but also the posture is changeable. The patterns and shapes, colors and images are harmonious and natural, elegant, concise and lively, giving people beautiful artistic enjoyment.