What should I do to draw watercolors?

Pigments can be divided into inorganic pigments and organic pigments according to chemical composition, and natural pigments and synthetic pigments according to sources. Natural pigments come from minerals, such as cinnabar, red soil, realgar, malachite green and heavy calcium carbonate.

1 folk painting pigments

Wollastonite, barite powder, talcum powder, mica powder, kaolin, etc. Biological sources, such as animals: cochineal insects, natural fish scale powder, etc. ; From plants: Garcinia Garcinia, Alizarin Red, Indigo, etc. Synthetic pigments are artificially synthesized, such as inorganic pigments such as titanium dioxide, lithopone, lead chrome yellow and iron blue, and organic pigments such as scarlet powder, light yellow, phthalocyanine blue and quinacridone. Pigments are classified according to their functions, including antirust pigments, magnetic pigments, luminescent pigments, pearlescent pigments and conductive pigments. Color classification is a convenient and useful method. This kind of pigment can be divided into white, yellow, red, blue, green, brown, purple and black regardless of its source or chemical composition. Famous colorants are classified by color, such as Pigment Yellow (PY), Pigment Orange (PO), Pigment Red (PR), Pigment Purple (PV), Pigment Blue (PB), Pigment Green (PG), Pigment Brown (PBr), Pigment Black (PBk) and Pigment White. For example, titanium dioxide is PW-6, lithopone PW-5, lead chrome yellow PY-34, quinacridone PR-207, iron oxide red PR-10, phthalocyanine blue PB- 15, etc. In order to find the chemical composition, there are other structural numbers, such as titanium dioxide PW-6C. I.7789 1 and phthalocyanine blue PB- 15C. I.74 160, so that pigment manufacturers and users can know the composition and chemical structure of listed pigments. Therefore, it has been widely used in international pigment import and export trade, and some domestic pigment manufacturers have also adopted the international classification standard of this pigment. China's national pigment standard GB/T3 182- 1995 also adopts color classification. The color of each pigment has a symbol, such as white for Ba, red for He and yellow for Hu. Combined with the code and serial number of the chemical structure, the pigment models are composed, such as rutile titanium dioxide BA-0 1-03, medium chrome yellow HU-02-02, iron oxide red HO-01-0, lithopone BA-1.

Pigments can be classified according to the types of compounds: inorganic pigments can be subdivided into oxide, chromate, sulfate, silicate, borate, molybdate, phosphate, vanadate, ferricyanide, hydroxide, sulfide, metal and so on. According to the chemical structure of compounds, organic pigments can be divided into azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, anthraquinone, indigo, quinacridone, dioxazine and other polycyclic pigments, aryl methane pigments and so on.

From the point of view of production and manufacturing, it can be divided into titanium pigment, iron pigment, chromium pigment, lead pigment, zinc pigment, metal pigment and organic synthetic pigment. This classification method has practical significance, and often a system can represent a professional pigment production industry.

From the application point of view, it can be divided into coatings, inks, plastics, rubber, ceramics and enamels, medicines and cosmetics, and fine arts pigments. All kinds of special pigments have some unique properties to meet the application requirements. Pigment manufacturers can also recommend a series of pigment products to professional users.

2 propylene pigment

Propylene pigment is a synthetic polymer pigment, which was invented in 1950s and made of pigment powder and acrylic latex. Acrylic latex is also called acrylic polymer latex. There are many kinds of propylene resins, such as methacrylic resin.

Acrylic paint

So there are many kinds of propylene pigments. Foreign pigment manufacturers have produced a series of propylene products, such as matt propylene pigment, semi-matt propylene pigment and glossy propylene pigment, as well as propylene matt oil, varnish and plastic ointment. Acrylic pigments are very popular with painters. Compared with oil painting pigments, it has the following characteristics:

(1) can be released by water, which is beneficial to cleaning.

(2) Quick drying. Pigment can be dried in a few minutes after putting pen to paper, instead of waiting for months to polish it like oil painting. Painters who like slow-drying pigments can use retarders to delay the drying time of pigments.

(3) After drying, the colored layer will quickly lose its solubility and form a tough, elastic and impermeable film. This film is similar to rubber.

(4) The color is full, dense and fresh, and no matter how blended, it will not feel "dirty" or "gray". The color layer will never be stained by oil absorption.

(5) The durability of the work is long. The oil film in oil painting is easy to oxidize, yellow and harden, and it is easy to crack the picture after a long time. Theoretically, acrylic films will never become brittle and yellow.

(6) The biggest difference between acrylic pigment and oil painting is that it has the operational characteristics of general water-based pigment, which can be used as both watercolor and gouache.

(7) There are particles, coarse particles and fine particles in the acrylic plastic ointment, which provides convenience for making texture. (8) Propylene pigment is toxic, but it will not cause great harm to human body. Just be careful not to eat it wrong. (9) Acrylic pigment can be used as a cultural shirt designed by ourselves, which can highlight personal personality. But it is best to use cotton clothes, and they are white.

It should be noted that acrylic painting should be painted on the base made of acrylic primer (gypsum), and oily base painting cannot be used. Material experts also don't advocate the mixed use of propylene and oil painting colors, especially don't paint oil paintings on propylene base, mainly for the permanent preservation of works. Propylene has no adverse reaction with oil painting pigments, and its adhesion needs time to be tested when it is used alternately.

4 oil painting pigments

Oil painting pigment is a special painting pigment for oil painting, which is made by adding oil to pigment powder and stirring and grinding it with glue. Most of the products sold in the market are packed in tubes, and you can also make them yourself.

Oil painting pigment is a material entity made of mineral, plant, animal and chemically synthesized toner mixed with blending agent linseed oil or walnut oil. Its characteristic is that it can be dyed on other materials or attached to a certain material to form a certain pigment layer. This pigment layer has certain plasticity and can form various shapes and textures that artists want to achieve according to the use of tools. The hue of oil painting pigment is determined by the hue of toner, and oil can make the hue of toner slightly darker and more saturated.

5 Chinese painting pigments

Chinese painting pigment, also called Chinese painting pigment, is a special pigment used to draw Chinese painting. The products sold now are generally tubes and pigment blocks, as well as pigment powder. Classification of traditional Chinese painting pigments are generally divided into two categories: mineral pigments and plant pigments. Historically, plants should have minerals before, just as pine smoke was used as ink before lampblack. The bright colors left on ancient rock paintings were found to be mineral pigments (such as cinnabar) through laboratory tests. The remarkable characteristics of mineral pigments are not easy to fade and bright colors. Most people who have seen Zhang Daqian's splash-ink paintings in his later years have this impression. A large area of azurite, azurite and cinnabar can make people feel refreshed! Plant pigments are mainly extracted from trees and flowers.

opaque watercolour painting

Gouache is the abbreviation of gouache pigment, which has many names in China, such as advertising color and publicity color. It belongs to a kind of watercolor, that is, opaque watercolor pigment. Because it is cheap, easy to learn and easy to use, it is often used as an introductory painting material for beginners to learn color painting, and its usage simulates oil painting techniques.

The limitation of water pink purity and lightness. When gouache pigment is wet, its color saturation is as high as that of oil painting pigment, but when it is dry, its saturation is greatly reduced and its color loses luster due to the action of powder, which is the limit of its color purity. The improvement of gouache brightness is achieved by diluting, adding powder or using more powdery pigments to lighten the color. Its wet and dry changes are very great, and often some colors only add a little powder. When it is dry and wet, its brightness shows a deep or shallow difference, which is the dry-wet reaction of gouache pigment. Because the color of gouache after drying is generally light, it is the most difficult problem to solve in gouache painting technology to use gouache well. The color containing powder makes the color of the picture full of the unique "powder" quality of gouache painting, with a particularly rich intermediate color, but the color fineness of gouache painting is still far lower than that of oil painting.

Due to the limitations of gouache, few large-scale works with high specifications are created with gouache.

Personality differences of gouache pigments The colors of gouache pigments are mostly stable, such as khaki, khaki, orange, medium yellow, light yellow, olive green, pink green, ultramarine, cobalt blue and lake blue. The deep red, rose red, purple, purple and other colors in gouache pigment are extremely unstable, easy to turn over and difficult to cover. Gouache has only a few transparent colors, such as lemon yellow, rose red and violet. To draw gouache well, we must fully grasp the personality of each pigment and understand its color acceptance, hiding ability and color price. These problems should be solved through constant practice, so that practice makes perfect.

Pigment is a powdery substance used for coloring. Insoluble in water, grease, resin, organic solvent and other media, but it can be evenly dispersed in these media and can color the media, with a certain hiding power. The basic requirement of artistic pigments is that the finer the particles, the brighter the color and the more lasting the color (better stability). Watercolor pigments Watercolor pigments are almost transparent except white. Only in this way can we meet the needs of watercolor overprint. Gouache pigment was originally invented by adding white powder to watercolor pigment to make the color opaque. Because watercolor pigments are transparent, it is difficult to modify once they are wrongly painted. Gouache pigment is easy to be modified because of its opacity. Later, raw materials such as Arabic gum were added to gouache pigment to further improve its performance. Arabic gum can make the dry surface of gouache paint have a layer of luster, but in special occasions (such as drawing renderings, coloring animations, etc.), gum will form irregular spots on the color surface or make the color uneven, so there is a special degumming pigment.

Oil painting pigments are pigments diluted with oil.

Traditional Chinese painting pigments are very rich and varied, ranging from mineral powder to plant extracts to animal extracts.

Theoretically, as long as there are three primary colors of red, yellow and blue, other colors can be transferred, but the purity of the transferred colors is always not high enough, so modern art paint manufacturers produce high-purity pigments for colors of various hues and lightness to meet various needs. From the most basic 12 color to the usual 24 colors or even 48 colors to 60 colors. Special metallic colors are not included.