Utilization and transformation of terrain?

The utilization and transformation of terrain is very important, and reasonable utilization can better solve practical problems, and the treatment of every detail is related to the future engineering quality, which is very critical. Zhong Da Consulting will explain the utilization and transformation of the terrain for you.

I. Landscape Terrain and Its Function (I) Concept of Landscape Terrain The word "terrain" in the design of garden green space refers to a part of topography in surveying, including mountains, hills and plains, as well as rivers and lakes. (2) the role of landscape topography. The treatment of landscape is one of the basic tasks of garden green space construction. They have the following functions in gardens: 1. Meet the requirements of garden functions: use different landforms to design places and landscapes with different functions. 2. Improve planting and building conditions: use and transform the terrain to create conditions conducive to plant growth and building. 3. Solve the drainage problem. Principles and Steps of Landscape Design (1) Landscape topography and transformation should fully implement the general principle of "as applicable, economical and beautiful as possible" in urban construction. The particularity of the landscape should also be carried out: 1, with utilization as the main and transformation as the auxiliary; 2, adjust measures to local conditions and let nature take its course; 3. save; 4, in line with the laws of nature and artistic requirements. (2) Landscape design step 1, preparation: 1) Topographic map of landscape land and its vicinity; 2) Collect information about roads, drainage, underground pipelines on the ground and the relationship with nearby main buildings of municipal construction departments; 3) Collect the current situation and historical data of hydrology, geology, soil and meteorology in the garden and its vicinity; 4) Understand the local construction strength; 5) Field investigation. 2. Design stage: 1) Contour design drawing of building area (or design with elevation points). The plane scale of this drawing is 1: 200 or 1: 500, and the designed equal height difference is 0.25m to1m.. The detailed elevation of the plane position of each project is required on the drawing. And display the drainage direction of this area; 2) earthwork construction drawing; 3) Construction profile of earthwork such as garden road, square, piling and lake digging; 4) earthwork estimation table; 5) Project budget table; 6) Description. Third, the design of garden landscape can be summarized into four aspects: (1) Flat land refers to the land with relatively gentle slope in the park, which is widely used in new gardens. In order to organize the masses to carry out cultural and sports activities and visit the scenery, and facilitate their acceptance and evacuation, a certain proportion of flat land must be set up in the park. If there is too little flat land, it will be difficult to meet the activities of the masses. The flat land in the garden generally includes grassland, distribution square, traffic square, building land and so on. (2) Duishan (also known as Tuishan and Dieshan) China Gardens are famous for their landscapes. With mountains, there will be undulating terrain, which can adjust tourists' viewpoints, organize space, create up-looking, up-looking and down-looking landscapes, enrich garden building conditions and garden plant planting conditions, increase tourists' activity area and enrich garden art content. A pile of mountains can be a mountain or a mountain. Every mountain has the shape of a mountain, and the mountain has the potential of a mountain. When designing a single mountain or mountain, we should pay attention to the mountain extending from east to west, so that the larger side faces the sun, which is beneficial to planting trees and arranging the main scenery, especially the side facing the water should be the sunny side of the mountain. (3) Managing Water In China classical gardens, mountains and water are inseparable, and overlapping mountains must manage water. With mountains and scenery, mountains can only live by water. With water, the scenery can be vivid, the space can be broken and the reflection can be generated. Waterscape can adjust the temperature, absorb dust, can also be used for irrigation and fire fighting, and can also carry out various water sports, fish and lotus roots. Waterscape can be divided into: moving water: rivers, streams, waterfalls, fountains, wall springs and so on. ; Still water: ponds, lakes and swamps, etc. According to the degree of naturalness and regularity, waterscape can be divided into: natural waterscape: rivers, lakes, ponds, springs, streams, springs, waterfalls and so on. Conventional waterscape: conventional pools, fountains, wall springs, etc. Waterscape also includes islands and roads near waterscape. Islands can be divided into mountain islands, flat islands and pool islands; The roads near the waterscape can be divided into smooth roads and water-crossing roads (bridges and dikes). (4) Rock filling 1. The choice of stone has its natural contour modeling, its texture is rough and pure, and it is a beautiful intermediate medium for the space connection between garden architecture and natural environment. Stacking stones is one of the traditional gardens in China, and there is a saying that "there is no garden without stones". There are six elements in stone selection in China: quality, color, grain, surface, body and posture. 2. Ways and skills of stone management The way of using rocks to form scenery in gardens is called stone management. Can be divided into three categories. (1) Dianshi landscape: there are single points, gathering points and scattered points. (2) Overall landscape construction: piling up multiple rocks to form a solid structure. "second": the shape should be simple and natural, not artificial, not showing off skills; Skills should be concise, not too cumbersome. "Four musts": Stones can't be mixed; Don't mess up your lines; Uneven block; Can't sew too many "six bogeys": bogey is like a censer candle; Avoid being like a pen container vase; Avoid like a sword; Avoid being like an iron wall; Avoid being like a fortress; Avoid leeches like rats. "Ten skills": picking, drifting, wearing, crossing, receiving, hanging, hanging, hitting, blocking and sword. (3) Cooperate with engineering facilities to achieve a certain artistic effect. It can be used as the foundation and steps of pavilions, platforms, buildings, pavilions, corridors, walls, etc. The foundations of small bridges and curved bridges between mountains in Shichi are arranged in front of and behind the bridge body, which is in harmony with the surrounding environment. 3. Coordinated application of rocks in gardens (1) The combination of rocks and plants forms a small landscape of rocks; (2) the combination of rocks and waterscape; (3) The combination of rocks, buildings and roads.

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