Folk culture with local characteristics

Farmers who got rich by planting potatoes in Chankou Town, anding district, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, gathered in the town cultural activity square to hold a social fire performance. The villagers in Shiliba village disguised themselves as potato babies. They praise and sing potatoes to express their joy after getting rich by potatoes. Business is booming, Spring Festival is booming, happy events are stable, and stable potatoes are served ... Farmers in anding district, Dingxi: Golden eggs and silver eggs are not as good as native eggs that grow in the ground all year round. In recent years, everyone has planted potatoes, bought money, lived well, and the enthusiasm for social fire has increased. In Gansu, according to the folk custom, there will be a social fire in the countryside every time the fifth day breaks. More places in the north will eat jiaozi on this day. Builders who stick to the Beijing subway site get together, eat the "Broken Five" jiaozi, and enjoy the fun of the Chinese New Year custom in the Year of the Ox. In Dingxi area in the west of the Loess Plateau, "the mountain is a monk's head, there is no water in the ditch, and nine times out of ten there is drought, which is worrying." As early as the Qing Dynasty, the Governor of Shaanxi, Gansu and Gansu wrote to the court that the bitter and barren land in central Gansu was the best in the world. After liberation, the vast majority of local farmers still live a life of "two meals of porridge a day, one quilt for three generations, turf as fuel and flood to quench their thirst". The lack of food, water, clothes and houses ... has plagued Dingxi people for generations. "The key to poverty in Dingxi lies in drought and water shortage." Dong Yingfan, director of Dingxi Water Affairs Bureau, said that before 1994, there was a drought in Dingxi for nine years, and summer grain was basically harvested. "At that time, an important task of various organs and units in Dingxi was to unconditionally pull water for the masses. As soon as the waterwheel stopped, birds and cows surrounded. " Dong Yingfan remembers the scene of water shortage before. Drought has become a roadblock for Dingxi to get rid of poverty. In order to find drought-resistant water, Dingxi people built reservoirs, drilled wells, built ponds and dams ... but in Dingxi, where water is hard to see in the 931 River, the problem of water shortage still cannot be solved. Some people think that if water is not transferred, there is no cure at all. After the founding of New China, the Party and the government rescued Dingxi people from their predicament again and again. 1972, Dingxi suffered a three-year drought, and the people had no food and clothing, so they fled by train. 1982, another year of drought, 50,000 to 60,000 victims fled by train, and the disaster once again alarmed Zhongnanhai. In February this year, 65438+, the State Council held a special conference on disaster relief in Gansu and Ningxia provinces, and the world-renowned poverty alleviation and development in China kicked off in Dingxi. Since then, Dingxi people have made great efforts to improve the production and living conditions of farmland water conservancy, rural transportation, rural power lines, forestry and energy construction, and carried out large-scale comprehensive management of small watersheds in accordance with the model of "wearing hats at the top of the mountain, wearing belts at the mountainside and wearing boots at the foot of the mountain". 1995 In the drought year, Dingxi people changed the traditional passive drought resistance to active drought resistance, and finally created a "trick" to collect rain and fight drought. Rainwater concentration continuously solves the water problem, terraces continuously improve the ecology, and Dingxi people bid farewell to absolute poverty 1999. In the year of drought, Dingxi had its first well-off village. From building terraced fields, developing water conservancy harrow tillage, popularizing plastic film mulching, popularizing scientific and technological drought-resistant varieties and other traditional drought-resistant varieties to adjusting crop structure to adapt to the weather, a rain-collecting cultivation technology based on full-film double ridges and furrow sowing has been formed, a water-saving irrigation technology based on digging pits to collect rain and supplementary irrigation has been created, and a drought-resistant and yield-increasing model matching agronomy, agricultural machinery, rain-collecting, water-saving and fertilizer-saving technologies has been created. Dingxi people firmly hold the initiative of drought relief in their own hands. Nowadays, the "iron theory" that there is no cure for Dingxi has been completely broken, farmers have realized their dream of adequate food and clothing for generations, and these historical problems of food, drink, clothing and housing have been solved one by one. Despite the severe drought in 2009, the development of Dingxi is exciting. "The terraced fields of about 20 mu at home are the most important wealth. More than half of these terraces are planted with potatoes, which can produce about 50,000 kilograms a year and are the main source of income for the family. " Wang Yaonan, 65, from Yawan Village, Neiguan Town, anding district, Dingxi City, said. After more than 40 years' development, Dingxi has built 5 million mu of terraced fields, completed more than 8,800 square kilometers of comprehensive control of soil erosion, built 15 1 seat, and accumulated 12 1 project to15,000 households and 25 water cellars. More than 40,000 households have implemented the "Biogas Project" and built 65,433 concrete catchments. Not only did it solve the drinking water problem of 800,000 people and more than 3.8 million livestock in arid mountainous areas, but it also developed more than 80,000 courtyard economies, planted more than 30,000 mu of economic fruits and vegetables, built 330,000 rain-collecting irrigation pits of 3-50 cubic meters, and developed an irrigation area of 920,000 mu. More than 85% of the slopes in the city have been terraced; The forest and grass coverage rate reached 17.9%. In June, 2006, the largest water conservancy project in the history of water conservancy construction in Gansu Province-Dingxi people looked forward to the start of the project of attracting Taotao Dream for half a century. This will fundamentally solve the extreme shortage of water resources in Dingxi, and will also make 2.7 million farmers in Dingxi move from water shortage to the era of safe drinking water and comprehensive utilization of water resources, and the development of Dingxi has also entered a brand-new historical period. Recognizing the new situation and embarking on the road to prosperity "poverty alleviation and development is a main line of Dingxi development." Wen, director of Dingxi Poverty Alleviation and Development Office, said that Dingxi's poverty alleviation began with the relief of the central government. From 1973 to 1982, Dingxi * * ate 700 million Jin of grain, and "wore yellow clothes (referring to the military uniform that distributed relief funds), suffered from vegetable chaff, drank yellow mud soup and lived in thatched houses" was Dingxi people at that time. 1999 achieved the goal of basically solving food and clothing as a whole one year ahead of schedule, and food production was self-sufficient and no longer dependent on relief, but Dingxi people found that this food and clothing was still based on single food production and was extremely unstable. In 2000, taking advantage of the east wind of western development, Dingxi people further deepened their understanding of the market situation and reflected on the development process of Dingxi. They have completely changed the old way of "taking grain as the main and grain as the supplement" which is not suitable for the development of market economy. They seized the good opportunity of the development of the western region and the construction of key counties for poverty alleviation and development, combined the planting and breeding industry to households with regional adjustment and optimization of industrial structure, and strengthened the economic strength of key villages to further promote the development of Dingxi characteristic agriculture. Since the establishment of Dingxi in 2003, Dingxi's agriculture and rural economy and society have achieved rapid development, and agriculture has generally changed from quantitative expansion to quality and efficiency, by giving full play to its comparative advantages and according to the goal and orientation of "gradually building Dingxi into the largest potato seed production and processing base in China, a famous Chinese herbal medicine planting and modern medicine base in northwest China". At present, Dingxi has basically formed a regional planting pattern in which potatoes, Chinese herbal medicines and broad beans are the main crops in the alpine region, potatoes, corn, plastic-film vegetables and various intercropping modes in the Sichuan region, and potatoes, plastic-film corn and various autumn miscellaneous crops are the main crops in the dry region, forming an industrial belt and industrial belt of superior agricultural products. The potato planting area is 3.6 million mu, with a total output of more than 5 million tons. It is one of the three major potato producing areas and the largest potato seed production base in China, and the potato has become the first advantageous industry to enrich the people and strengthen the city. It has developed into a major producing area of Chinese herbal medicines, with an planting area of more than 6.5438+0.00 million mu, accounting for 6.5438+0/6 of the national planting area, with a total output of 6.5438+0.7 million tons. Among them, the three main varieties of Angelica sinensis, Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus have an area of 239,700 mu, 287,700 mu and 260,900 mu respectively, with a yield of 46,540 mu. The livestock and poultry breeding industry has developed steadily, with a scale of 5,000 households, and the stock and slaughter of livestock and poultry have increased steadily. New development has been made in regional characteristic industries such as vegetables, edible fungi, flowers and Jerusalem artichoke. Although the structural adjustment has reduced the area of grain crops, the total grain output has increased steadily, reaching 980,000 tons in 2008. In 2009, 700,000 surplus laborers were transferred to cities and rural areas, creating 2 billion yuan of labor income. The adjustment of agricultural structure, the rapid development of labor economy and the further strengthening of the policy of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers have driven farmers to increase their income. The development of Zhang Xian tourism, Tongwei painting and calligraphy, and Longxi Wenhua Li also injected new vitality into economic development. In 2009, the city's GDP will reach 122 billion yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers will reach 2300 yuan. In recent years, seven counties in Dingxi City have been named as the hometown of potatoes in China, anding district, the hometown of flowers in China, Lintao County, the hometown of Danggui in China, Min County, the hometown of Codonopsis China in Weiyuan County, the hometown of Astragalus China in Longxi County, and the hometown of China broad beans in Tongwei County. It is the glorious history of Dingxi people's struggle for many years, which indicates that this arid yellow land is moving towards glory. Adapting to the new era and marching on the characteristic road, the degree of industrialization and urbanization is too low. Only by integrating and processing agricultural resources, ecological resources, mineral resources and human resources in the region, forming industrialization and scale, turning products into commodities, participating in large circulation and finding a position in the big market, can one party feed the other. In 2006, Dingxi Electric Power turned losses into profits. Power consumption is the first in Gansu! First, power consumption means the rapid development of Dingxi industry. In order to speed up the industrialization process, Dingxi put forward and innovatively put forward the strategic concept of building "China Potato Capital" and "China Medicine Capital", realizing the development of potato from a single planting base to a virus-free seed potato production base, a modern potato information logistics market and the largest deep processing in China; The transformation of Chinese herbal medicine industry from quantity expansion and accumulation to quality and efficiency, from "Millennium Medicine Capital", "Northwest Medicine Capital" and "hometown of medicinal materials" to "China Medicine Capital" is an inevitable choice for the all-round upgrading of Chinese herbal medicine industry and the transformation from tradition to modernity. Dingxi aims to build "the potato capital of China", and has built four vegetable processing, storage and preservation enterprises, with the fresh storage, sorting and packaging capacity of 6,543,800 tons. There are 2 18 wholesale markets for agricultural products, including 30 professional wholesale markets with an annual turnover of more than 50 million yuan, with an annual turnover of 265,438+10,000 tons of potatoes and an annual turnover of 800 million yuan. A total of 845,800 potato storage pits (warehouses) have been built, with an actual storage capacity of 2.5 million tons, basically achieving a balanced listing of potatoes. There are 33 potato starch processing enterprises with annual processing capacity 1000 tons or more, and 20 leading potato processing enterprises with designed production capacity 1 10,000 tons or more, including 8 refined starch processing enterprises with annual processing capacity 1 10,000 tons or more, 30 whole starch processing enterprises 1 family and modified starch processing enterprises. There are more than 60 registered trademarks of agricultural products in the city, and 10 agricultural products have been registered with national geographical indications of origin. In order to build "China Pharmaceutical Capital" and promote the transformation of Chinese herbal medicine industry to industrialization. Five large Chinese herbal medicine trading markets, such as Wenfeng in Longxi, Shouyang, Danggui City in Minxian and Shennong Chinese Herbal Medicine Logistics Park in Longxi, have been built in the city, with an annual trading volume of 28 1.4 million tons and a trading volume of 22 1.2 million yuan. The static storage capacity of Chinese herbal medicines in the city has reached more than 50,000 tons, and one of the three warehouses set up by China Medicinal Materials Group Company in China is located in Dingxi. Dingxi has now developed into the largest trading market of Chinese herbal medicine origin and the price formation center of bulk medicinal materials in the north of China, with 78 large-scale Chinese herbal medicine processing enterprises. In order to give full play to the concentrated radiation effect of the industry and create a highland for Chinese herbal medicine processing, Dingxi started to build a Chinese herbal medicine processing park with an area of 5,000 mu and a total investment of 6 billion yuan. The processing park is divided into three functional areas: the production of decoction pieces, the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmacy. The first phase covers an area of 1 180 mu with a total investment of more than 700 million yuan. At present, through attracting investment and integrating funds, six enterprises, including Qianjin, Mute, Xiaoling, Livzon, Fang Yi and Jiufang Pharmaceutical, have settled in for construction, and key investment projects, such as Zheng Qi Tibetan Medicine and Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Piece Factory, are under construction step by step. After the park is fully completed, the annual output value is 654.38+0 billion yuan, the profits and taxes are 2 billion yuan, and more than 20,000 people are employed. It will become the largest Chinese herbal medicine processing base in China and a new economic growth point in Dingxi. Today, Dingxi has formed modern industrial bases such as agricultural product processing, modern pharmacy, aluminum and zinc smelting, salt chemical industry, electric energy development, equipment manufacturing and mineral development, and a western characteristic agricultural city has taken a new step of leap-forward development.