Development history of interior furnishings

Inheritance and Reference of Traditional Culture Interior Design

The various shapes, decorations and furnishings of modern indoor space all show people's pursuit and desire for a better life. These different styles of modern interior design take science and technology, culture and art as their connotations, and their development often embodies the cultural spirit of a nation. These cultural elements are rooted in people's consciousness and will inevitably appear in people's lives after historical precipitation.

First, the relationship between interior design and traditional culture

1. Interior design is an organic part of social culture. From the horizontal dimension, no matter what style of design, it has a specific spiritual and cultural psychological structure, which was developed and completed in a certain cultural context, thus reflecting different values and aesthetic concepts and reflecting the cultural landscape at that time. From the vertical dimension, the interior space design of any era is closely related to the productivity and culture at that time. The design form comes from culture, and people process all the impressions about existence according to rich experience (history and tradition). In this sense, historical design is the history of design.

2. Traditional culture has influenced interior design. Although some modern designers, especially those with avant-garde consciousness, always claim to abandon any tradition and think their works are "unconventional", this is not the case. Even the most "anti-traditional" designers must define and interpret their thinking with "tradition" as the negative reference. Design is never a purely personal act. From the explicit traditions such as media, language and expression techniques to the implicit traditions such as cultural mentality, thinking mode and design aesthetics, every interior designer is influenced intentionally or unintentionally.

3. With the development of science and technology and the progress of the times, contemporary designers have the conditions that predecessors did not have. The application of computer and the development of information make the designed works have a stronger sense of the times. However, the richness of works means cannot replace the return of human consciousness, and interior designers must consider the excellent texture and warmth of works from the practical aspects closely related to human beings. If you want to create an elegant indoor space environment, you must take the creative road of "elephant is invisible" and "loud voice is happy", otherwise the audience will not feel the corresponding aesthetic image. This correspondence between "beauty" and "beauty" is extracted from thousands of years of traditional culture in China. Therefore, it is a problem that excellent designers should pay attention to consciously integrating traditional culture into modern design concepts.

Second, the essence of China traditional culture and its application in interior design.

In the course of thousands of years of China traditional culture, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have promoted the prosperity and development of China culture in the process of mutual struggle and integration. China's design works, whether historical or contemporary, are influenced by it.

1. Confucian doctrine of the mean.

The core idea of Confucius and Mencius is the doctrine of the mean. First of all, the thinking mode and value orientation of "Harmony between Man and Nature" provided by Confucian philosophy has become the design philosophy adhered to by China designers and constitutes the most basic philosophical connotation of traditional design in China. Some brands attach great importance to shaping mountains and rivers, imitating nature, using human resources to create the beauty of nature, and trying not to reveal the traces of artificial axes, so as to achieve the aesthetic realm of "although it is artificial, it looks like nature". Secondly, the Confucian doctrine of the mean has also been applied in decorative culture. For example, if you don't do any decoration, it will look rough, backward and lifeless, and if you carve too much, it will look vulgar. Proper decoration is refreshing and pleasing to the eye, which can not only cheer up the spirit and benefit the body and mind, but also correct the mentality, restrain the desire, combine the scenery with the situation, and raise the material world to the spiritual realm.

2. Taoism is mysterious and elegant

Laozi believes that beauty lies in Tao and the nature of Tao lies in nature, that is, nature. The so-called "Tao is natural" and "the elephant is invisible, and the Tao is invisible." Laozi's "Tao" is empty and nameless, and logic, reason and language can't be conveyed. It transcends people's feelings and language world. It depends not on language, but on the image symbol system outside language, so it is abstract and transcendental. The application of Taoist culture in interior design mainly enriches the spatial connotation of China architecture interior. Create many virtual and real enclosures in the space, such as staggered, interspersed and mutual appreciation, such as the doors and windows of buildings, to introduce outdoor scenery into the room; The partition between indoor spaces introduces the decoration of one room into another room, borrowing scenery from each other, strengthening the sense of space flow and increasing the sense of openness. Another style of Taoist traditional culture used in interior design is elegance, poetry and literary spirit. In the process of creating this artistic conception space, the key is to introduce an ethereal, quiet and peaceful state of mind. Through traditional color techniques, simple materials, traditional decorative visual symbols, attractive feeling, open taste, simplicity, modesty, quietness and generosity.

3. Silence in Zen Buddhism

Zen Buddhism is a sect of Buddhism in China, which was formed on the cultural soil of China due to the eastward spread of Buddhist culture. It advocates an individual's intuitive experience and contemplative way of thinking, and achieves spiritual detachment and freedom through perceptual realization. In Zen's view, the smaller the stipulation, the greater the space for imagination, so less wins more. Only by being simple to the extreme can we leave the greatest room for thinking and thinking.

In recent years, among all kinds of furniture, classical and modern, Chinese and western are combined. Zen furniture absorbs the elegance of classical furniture and the simplicity of modern furniture, neat lines and pure colors, and the oriental image can create a quiet and comfortable home atmosphere. The materials of Zen furniture are mostly walnut and camphor wood, some desktops are supplemented by glass, stone and other materials, and some bergamot and oranges are placed in pottery dishes. Dark wood and light cloth, leather, stone or glass furniture sell well, and the slightly calm but not stuffy style is deeply loved by consumers.

Thirdly, the interior design method of inheriting traditional culture.

The development of the times has its basic context, and it needs to be designed to inject new soul and blood. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate traditional and modern aesthetics and design concepts into the design.

1. Use of traditional symbols

The traditional symbols in China mainly include: patterns and patterns with traditional symbolic connotation and figurative meaning; Ancient traditional totem patterns; Traditional religious decorative symbols. Some of these traditional symbols are the experience and wisdom accumulated by predecessors in productive labor and building houses, while others are the pursuit and embodiment of spiritual life. At present, these symbols still have positive practical significance, and directly using these traditional symbols as decorative elements is an effective way to create an indoor environment of traditional culture. The general techniques are: abstract simplicity, which is the artistic processing, refining and abstract simplification of the whole or part of the traditional form. Its principle is not to lose the traditional charm without losing the traditional modeling, so that a certain culture of traditional Confucianism, Taoism and Zen can be continued and developed on the basis of combining modern functions and technologies; The characteristic of symbol collage is to abstract, crack or deform the traditional elements that people are familiar with, so as to make them become symbols with certain typical or symbolic significance, and collage them in indoor elements, thus making the new and the old, the present and the ancient have some connection; Transplanting and grafting, transplanting and grafting the history and culture of Confucianism, Taoism and Zen, making it a new artistic image. In the design, sometimes we can learn from some foreign cultural elements and integrate them with local cultural elements.

2. Treatment of color and light

Color acts on psychology through vision, which often affects people's mood, spirit and behavior. Color itself is not absolutely beautiful or not, but it is very important for the color matching of indoor space.

There are two ways to deal with colors: one is similar colors, that is, two colors that are not far apart on the color ring, such as yellow and orange, magenta and purple, blue and purplish green (cyan). Similar colors are close to each other, unified and slightly changed. The second is contrasting color, that is, two colors that are far apart are harmoniously matched, which is often called "complementary color principle". Red flowers and green leaves are becoming more and more delicate, because they are complementary colors.

Light and shadow is another way of presenting color, and the existence of light and shadow always exists as a specific color carrier. Light and shadow are also effective elements and tools to convey traditional information directly or indirectly in indoor space. Color plays a great role in changing the environmental atmosphere, especially under the joint action of light and shadow, creating different spatial artistic conception.

3. Space and furniture return to nature

"Harmony between man and nature" advocates the affinity between man and nature, that is, the harmonious relationship between man and nature. Although the cultural traditions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are different, they have similarities in returning to nature and learning from nature. However, in the tense city life, people's desire to be close to nature cannot be realized. Therefore, empathy "home", and strive to create a natural atmosphere as spiritual compensation, in order to achieve a certain sense of return.

The methods of returning to nature in interior design mainly include: first, the creation of space, such as skillfully handling the natural part of the limited interior space blending with the outside world, facing the windows of green hills, or taking blue sky and fields as the background of porch design, and being good at borrowing scenery; In addition, more efforts can be made in the choice of decorative materials, such as rough rock walls or plasterboard imitation stone, which gives people an atavistic natural atmosphere. Second, indoor furnishings, such as some original emotional decorations, increase the natural artistic conception; It can achieve unexpected natural beauty effects through red dried peppers or golden dried corn skewers, or a bunch of dried wheat ears, white reed flowers and hand-made batik cloth, through clever embellishment and ingenuity. Or hang or draw some pictures on the wall, which can be lakes, mountains, or endless Yuan Ye and bamboo forests. Before painting, match some potted plants. The combination of reality and reality will make people feel fresh, comfortable and broaden their horizons. It really feels like walking into nature.

As a designer in China, we should base ourselves on the reality, deeply examine the history and culture of the Chinese nation, and be duty-bound to carry forward and inherit traditional culture, closely link it with modern art design, and form an interior design style combining modernity and tradition.