Eight Great Writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties

The Eight Greats of the Tang and Song dynasties is the name given to the eight major prose writers of the Tang and Song dynasties, namely, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty, and Ouyang Xiu, San Su, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong of the Song Dynasty.

When did the title of "eight great writers of the Tang and Song dynasties" begin? It is found that the early Ming Zhu right will be the above eight prose writer's articles compiled into the "eight Mr. Anthology", the name of the eight began here. Tang Shunzhi compiled in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, "the text", only the articles of the eight Tang and Song dynasty prose writers, other writers are not included in the article. This has played a role in stereotyping and spreading the name of the eight great writers of the Tang and Song dynasties. Shortly thereafter, the revered Tang Shunzhi Mao Kun, according to Zhu, Tang's method of compilation of eight articles, compiled for the Tang and Song dynasty, the eight major banknotes, the Tang and Song dynasty, the name of the eight is fixed.

The eight great men of the Tang and Song dynasties were the center of the Tang family's ancient literature movement, and they advocated prose and opposed parallelism, which gave the literary world a far-reaching influence at that time and in later generations.

Han Yu

Han Yu (768-824), the word retreat, known as Han Changli, a native of Henan Province, the Tang Dynasty, an outstanding writer, thinker, the leader of the ancient literary movement, the "Tang and Song Dynasty Eight Great Men," the first, the development of Chinese prose in the history of the status of the high, Su Dongpo praised him as Su Dongpo praised him as "the founder of the eight generations". His essays are grand, bold and exuberant, with many twists and turns, novelty and simplicity, logic and integration of the ancient and modern, whether they are arguments, events or lyrics, all of which form the basis for the development of the Chinese prose. Whether it is argumentative, matter or lyrical, all form a unique style, to reach the heights of the predecessors have not reached.

Liu Zongyuan

Liu Zongyuan (773-819), with the name of Zihou, originating from Hedong and born in Chang'an, was a famous thinker and outstanding writer of the Tang Dynasty. As an advocate of the ancient literature movement in the Tang Dynasty and one of the Eight Great Poets of the Tang and Song dynasties, Liu Zongyuan was opposed to the elegant and florid style of literature that had characterized the literary world since the Six Dynasties and advocated simple and fluent prose.

Ouyang Xiu

Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072), known as Yongshu (永叔), "Drunken Weng" (醉翁), and "Liuyi Jushi (六一居士)" (六一居士), was an outstanding and erudite prose writer, and an outstanding leader of the prose innovation movement in the Song Dynasty. He was one of the Eight Great Poets of the Tang and Song dynasties. He was one of the Eight Great Poets of the Tang and Song dynasties. Because of his concern for the country and the people, Ouyang Xiu was a hardworking eunuch, but he became more and more skillful as he became poorer and poorer. He took the spirit of Han Yu's "writing from the word", and strongly opposed to the "current literature" which was complicated and carved, strange and obscure, and advocated a simple but methodical, smooth and natural style, with a wide range of connotations, diverse forms, and exquisite language, rich in rhythmic beauty and musicality. Many of his famous works, such as "The Record of the Drunken Master Pavilion" and "Autumn Sound Fugue", have been passed down through the ages.

Three Su

Su Xun, the word Mingyun, the name of the old spring eyebrow. Su Xun and his sons, Su Shi and Su Zhe, are collectively known as the "Three Su". His prose is mainly historical and political, he inherited the "Mengzi" and Han Yu's thesis tradition, to form their own robust style, the language is clear and smooth, the reason repeatedly analyzed, very much the color of the warring states of the vertical and horizontal; sometimes not inevitably with the atmosphere of sophistry, is its shortcomings. He was the author of Jiaji (嘉集). Su Shi (1037-1101), courtesy name Zidian (子胆, dongpo jushi), was born in Meishan, Sichuan Province. He was born in Meishan, Sichuan Province. He was a great writer and calligrapher of the Northern Song Dynasty. He was known as Su Dongpo. Su Zhe (1039-1112), Ziyu, a word with uncle, the name Luancheng, the late name of the Yingbin left the old man, Meishan, Sichuan Province. Under the cultivation and influence of his father and brother, he was well read and ambitious since childhood. Song Huizong succeeded the throne, he returned to the north in case of amnesty, living in yingchang, closed door and thanked the guests, dedicated to writing, lived twelve years of idleness and loneliness. Politics and two years died at the age of seventy-four. Author of "Luancheng set", "Luancheng set".

Wang Anshi

Wang Anshi (1021-1086), the word Jiefu, was appointed Duke of Jing, later known as Wang Jinggong. He was a native of Linchuan, Fuzhou (present-day Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province). Wang Anshi was a famous politician, thinker and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. He was one of the "Eight Great Poets of Tang Dynasty" in the history of Chinese prose. His prose is simple, philosophical, powerful, forceful, sharp and argumentative, and he has created and developed a style of reasoning, rigorous argumentation, thorough logic, clear expression, and melting of facts and arguments into one. The author has created and developed a unique style of prose that combines reasoning, rigorous argumentation, logic, clarity of expression, and the melting of facts and discussion into one.

Zeng Gong

Zeng Gong (1019-1083), Zigu, a native of Nanfeng County, Jianchang Army, was one of the eight great masters of the Tang and Song dynasties, and an important member of the New Ancient Literature Movement of the Song Dynasty." At the age of twelve, Zeng Gong was able to write, and his words were already astonishing", he was qualified to be alert and intelligent; after he became an adult, he was highly praised by the literary circles at that time because of his literary talent. Zeng Gong was highly appreciated by Ouyang Xiu, the leader of the literary world at that time. Zeng Gong had a strong Confucianism, advocated the idea of writing after writing, and attached great importance to the moral cultivation of writers. His scholarship and writings were well known in his lifetime, and his reputation continues to grow after his death. Zeng Gong's prose works were very abundant, especially in argument and record. His argumentative essay thesis, not branching and not creeping, twisting and turning, calm and thick; record? The article is thought to be clear, the pitch is full of meaning, concise and vivid, intriguing.

The Eight Memoirs of Yongzhou

Liu Zongyuan

Beginning to get the West Mountain Banquet

Since the remaining for the people, living in the state. I have always been anxious and fearful. When there is a gap in time, I will go to the mountains and roam around. The day with his disciples on the high mountains, into the deep forest, poor back to the stream, the springs and strange rocks, no far to go. When they arrived, they sat on the grass and poured out jugs to get drunk. When they were drunk, they would sleep on each other's pillows and dream. If you want to have a good time, you will have the same interest in dreaming. I was so happy to see you, and I was so happy to see you, and I was so happy to see you. I thought that all the state's landscape has a different shape, all I have, but not yet know the strange special West Mountain.

September 28 this year, sitting in Fahua West Pavilion, looking at the Western Hills, began to point out the difference. Then ordered the servant over the Xiangjiang River, edge of the dye stream, hacking hazelnuts, burning grass, poor mountain high and up. Climbing and climbing, Keji and roaming, where the soil of several states, all under the obeisance. The situation of the high and low, the story of the puddle, if the anthill and cave, the size of a thousand miles, save the accumulation of knit, no one can hide. The green and white, outside and the sky, the four look as one. Then know is the mountain of the special, not with the small class, leisurely and Roy gas club, and can not get its end; oceanic and the creator of the tour, but do not know what it is poor. Lead the goblet full of wine, disheveled on the drunk, do not know the day into. Pale twilight, from far away, to nothing to see, but still do not want to return. The heart condenses the form, and all the world is in harmony. Then I know that I have not traveled to the beginning of the tour, the tour is the beginning of the tour, so for the text to Zhi. I am a member of the National Association of University of Hong Kong (NAUHK), a member of the National Association of University of Hong Kong.

Drilling the pool record

Drilling the pool, in the west of Shanxi. The beginning of the Ran water from the south to run injection, against the rocks, folding eastward; its upside-down potential steep, swinging hit more violent, eroding the end, so the side of the wide and deep in the Bi to the stone to stop; flow of foam into the wheel, and then Xu line. Its clear and flat, and ten mu. The first thing I want to do is to get the best out of the world, and I want to be able to do that.

There is a resident on it, to Yu's urgent tour, once the door to tell that: "do not win the official rent, the private vouchers of the Commission, both scythed down the mountain and more living, I would like to Tam on the field of trade and finance to slow down the disaster."

You can enjoy it. The sublime its platform, extend its threshold, line its spring in the high and fall of the pool, there is sound flowing. In particular, it is appropriate to watch the moon in mid-autumn, in order to see the sky of the high, the gas of the very. Who else could have made me happy to live in Yizi and forget my homeland, but this pool?

The Little Hill in the West of Drilling Mountain

Eight days after I got to the West Mountain, I went 200 paces north-west of the entrance to the mountain, and there was a small hill in the West of Drilling Mountain. Twenty-five steps west of the pool, when the turbulence and dredging for the fish beam. Above the beam there is a hill, bamboo trees. The stone of the sudden anger and lay down, negative soil and out, fighting for the strange shape of the people, can not be counted. Its loftiness is tired and down, if the cattle and horses drink in the stream; its rush of angle columns and up, if the bears and fighters climbed the mountain. Mound of small can not be an acre, you can have a cage. Ask the owner, said: "Tang's abandoned land, goods not for sale." Asked the price, said: "stop four hundred." Yu pity and sold. Li Shenyuan, Yuan Ke has been the same tour, are very happy, out of the unexpected. That is, more equipment, shoveling and mowing the filthy grass, cut off the bad wood, the fire and burned. The wood is standing, the bamboo is exposed. Strange stones. By which to look, the mountain is high, the clouds of floating, the stream of the stream, birds and animals roam, lifting the XiXiRan back to the skill offering skills, in order to effect under the ZiQiu. Pillow and lie down, then clear cold cold like and eye seek, the sound of the sound and ear seek, leisurely and false and God seek, abyss however quiet and heart seek. Not turn ten days and get a different place two, although the ancient good old man, or failed to arrive.

Yelp! To the victory of the hill, to the Feng, Hao, Shuangshi, Du, then the noble travelers to buy the person, day by day, thousands of gold and the more unobtainable. Now abandoned is the state also, farmers and fishermen over and ugly, Jia four hundred, even years can not be sold. And I and the deep source, Ke has only happy to get it, is its fruit has been! The book on the stone, so congratulations on the Zichu also.

To the small hill west of the small stone pool record

From the hill westbound hundred and twenty paces, across the bamboo, heard the sound of the water, such as ringing Puihuan, the heart of the music. Cutting bamboo to take the road, under the small pool, the water is especially refreshing. The whole stone for the bottom, near the shore, roll stone bottom to out, for him, for the island, for the Evidence, for the rock. Green trees, green vines, Mengluo shaking embellishments, and the different phases of the whisker.

The fish in the pool can be a hundred or so heads, all if the empty swim without any dependence. The sunlight is clear, the shadow cloth on the stone, motionless; begin to pass away, to and from the open and close, like with the swimmers to enjoy.

The pool southwest and look, bucket folding snake line, bright and visible. The shoreline is so different that you can't tell where it comes from.

Sit on the pool, the four sides of the bamboo tree ring, no one in silence, miserable God cold bones, quiet and profound. To its realm is too clear, can not live for a long time, is remembered and go.

The same swimmers: Wu Wuling, Gong Gu, Yu Di Zongxuan. Affiliated and from the person, Cui's two young students: said forgive self, said Feng Yi.

Yuanjia thirst record

Southwest by Ranxi water line ten miles, the landscape of the desirable five, if you drill the pool. By the mouth of the creek and the west, land line, desirable eight or nine, not like the West Mountain. By the Chaoyang Rock southeast of the water line, to the Wujiang, desirable three, not as Yuanjia thirst. They are all Yongzhong beautiful and strange place.

Chu Yue dialect, said the water backflow for "thirst". Thirst on the South Pavilion and the High Roach together, down with the hundreds of濑 together. One of the heavy continent creeks, pools and shallow islets, between the toilet twists and turns, flat the deep ink, steep the boiling white. The boat line if the poor, and suddenly boundless.

There are small mountains out of the water, all the beautiful stone, on the green bush, winter and summer often azure. The side of more rock words, the bottom of more white gravel, its trees more maple charges heather, camphor pomelo, grass is orchids and dahuric dahurica. There are also strange flowers, like Acacia and trailing, confused with the water and stone.

Every wind from the four mountains and down, vibration of large trees, cover the grass, red and green, luxuriant plants and aroma, rushing the waves and spinning, back to store the valley, shaking Weiweiwei, with the time to move. The majority of them are like this, and I can't describe them in detail.

Yong's people have not tasted the tour, Yu get the dare not specialize in it, out and passed on to the world. Its landlord Yuan's. So the name.

Stone Drainage Records

Southwest line from the thirst can not be a hundred paces, to get the stone ditch, the people on the bridge. There are springs quiet, the sound of the first big and small. Drainage of the wide or a stone's throw, or double feet, its length can be ten or so steps. The stream reaches a large stone, and ambles out from underneath it. Beyond the stone and go, there is a rocky waterfall, Chang Pu was the, green fresh around. And folded westbound, beside the sunken rocks, the north fell into a small pool. The width of the pool less than 100 feet, deep and clear more swift fish. And the north curved line Yu Yu, look at as if endless, and then into the thirst. On the side of all the weird stone, strange wood, strange flowers, beautiful arrows, can sit in a row and protection. Wind shaking its top, rhyme moving cliffs and valleys. The first thing I want to do is to make sure that I have a good understanding of what is going on in the world.

I got it from the state pastor. The first thing I did was to get rid of the cataracts and the rottenness of the earth and rocks, and then burned them, and then left them behind for a long time.

When I was a student at the University of California at Berkeley, I was able to get a copy of the book, which I have never heard of, and I have been able to write down all the details of the book, so that it will be easy for those who are interested in the book to find it.

Yuanhe seven years on the eighth day of the first month, the drain to the big stone. October 19, over the stone to the stone Hong small pool, the beauty of the canal so began to be poor.

Shijian record

Shijian things are poor, on the northwest by the bridge under the shade of Tushan, the people and the bridge. The water is large, times the stone canal three one, the stone for the bottom, up to the two ends. If the bed if the hall, if Chen spindle, if the limit threshold. Horizontal cloth on it, flow like weaving text, sound like playing the piano. Uncovered barefoot and go, folding bamboo, sweeping old leaves, rows of rotten wood, can be Luo Hu bed eighteen or nineteen living. The flow of the intertwined, touching the sound of excitement, all under the bed; Cui Yu of water, dragon scale stone, are shaded on it. Ancient people are happy with this? After the coming person can catch up with the practice of Yu? The day I got it, with the stone canal.

By the thirsty and come, the first stone canal, after the stone stream; by the hundreds of Setami and come, the first stone stream, after the stone canal. Streams can be poor, all out of the southeast of the village of Shicheng, between which the number of cola, I do not think. The deep mountains on the forest over the craggy risk, the road is narrow and can not be poor.

Small Shicheng mountain record

From the west mountain road caliber north over Huangmao Ling and down, there are two roads: one west out, looking for the unavailable; one of the less north to the east, but only forty feet, the soil breaks the two Chuan points, there is a cumulative stone when its sprawl. On top of it was the shape of a beam looking out of the sky; beside it was a fortress with a door like a door, and when I peeped into it in the dark, I threw a small stone, and there was the sound of water in the hole, and the sound was so exciting that it took a long time to be heard. The ring can be up, looking very far. No soil and the birth of Jia Shu Mei arrows, Yiqi and firm, odd and sparse number of laying down, the class of wise people also.

Yelp! I doubt the existence of the Creator for a long time, and is, the more I think there is. And blame it not for the middle of the state and listed as barbarians, more than a thousand years shall not be a sale of its kabuki, is solid labor and useless, God if it is not appropriate to do so, then it is fruitless? Or said: to comfort the wise and humiliated in this. Or said: the spirit of its gas, not for the great man and only for the thing, so Chu's South less people and more stone. The two of them are not believed by the rest.

Liu Zongyuan (773 -819 years), the word Zihou, Hedong (now Shanxi Yongji) people. Liu Zongyuan was a young man of great sensitivity, and his writing was outstandingly refined and admired by his contemporaries. In the ninth year of the reign of Zhengyuan (793), he was admitted as a bachelor's degree holder. And in the erudition of the Hong rhetoric section, authorized Jixiantian Hall positive Yu. He was transferred to Lantian, and was appointed as the Supervisor of the Imperial Household. He and Liu Yuxi participated in the activities of Wang Shuwen's group to revolutionize politics. During the reign of Emperor Shunzong, he became a minister of the Ministry of Rites. After the defeat of Wang Shuwen, he was relegated to the post of Secretary of Yongzhou, and ten years later he was transferred to the post of Assassin of Liuzhou, where he died. He was known as Liu Liuzhou or Liu Hedong. There is the Complete Works of Liu Hedong.

Liu Zongyuan is an outstanding poet of the Middle Tang Dynasty, whose poems are elegant and clear, and who "sends out the delicate and thick in the simple and ancient, and sends the taste to the tantalizing". (Su Shi, after the book Huang Zisi Poetry Collection) prose and Han Yu, and Han Yu, the same is listed as the Tang and Song dynasty eight, the same Tang dynasty, advocates of the ancient literary movement, Han Yu, said Liu "Xiong deep elegant and healthy, like Sima Zi long. In 805, Emperor Xianzong was succeeded as emperor by Fangzhen and eunuchs, and Shunzong, who presided over the reforms, was imprisoned, thus leading to the failure of the Yongzhen Renovation Group. Wang Shuwen and Wang were deposed and killed, and the key members of the group, such as Han Ye, Han Tai, Chen Jian, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Ling Jun, Cheng Yi, and Wei Daiyi, were all deposed to be the Secretaries of Department of Bordering States, which was the famous "Incident of the Two Wangs and Eight Secretaries of Department" in the history. Liu Zongyuan was first relegated to the post of Shaozhou Assassin, but he was later relegated to the post of Yongzhou Secretary. Ten years later, Fang migrated to Liuzhou assassin.

Yongzhou, present-day Zuling, Hunan, in the Tang Dynasty is still an undeveloped area, remote and desolate. It was a remote and inhospitable region, and the state secretary was only a nominal position to house exiled officials. Liu Zongyuan as a far-reaching political ambitions of the innovator, in such a situation, but also the constant fear of heavier persecution, its mood of depression and bitterness can be imagined. It can be said that the ten years in Yongzhou, Liu Zongyuan life is the most difficult, the most difficult, the mood is also the most lonely and angry ten years, but as the saying goes, what is bad is bad, what is bad is bad, this poor ten years, actually really created a great ancient style, in this environment, in this kind of mood, Liu Zongyuan's depressed talent has been strongly inspired, speaking for the text, nothing is not sad and touching, allegory, His fables, landscape travelogues, and narratives were the most brilliant and outstanding achievements of his life. The Eight Memoirs of Yongzhou, The Snake Catcher, The Three Precepts, and The Record of the Escape of Lieutenant Duan ...... all represent Liu Zongyuan's highest achievements and are famous in the history of prose, and all of them were written in the remote and secluded Yongzhou. The first is to be a good example of how to make the best use of the time and money!

"Who knows that the poison of the enfranchisement is even worse than that of the snake?"

In the sixty years between the Anshi Rebellion and the reign of Emperor Xianzong Yuanhe, the Li Tang dynasty went through a period of historical change, where the ruling class, in order to enjoy themselves and cope with various crises, were not afraid to levy exorbitant taxes, and to raid at will, resulting in people's livelihoods becoming increasingly difficult, and the situation was on the verge of extinction. That is to say, Yongzhou, this place in the Xuanzong Tianbao years have more than twenty-seven thousand households, the mouth of one hundred and seventy thousand. And to suzong qianyuan period, even plummeted to more than six thousand households, the mouth of twenty-seven thousand.

This article describes a social phenomenon unique to Yongzhou: the local peasants scrambled to catch poisonous snakes in order to avoid paying taxes. The three generations of snake catchers in Yongzhou, the Jiangs, used the poison of snakes and the poison of taxation as a comparison, and pointedly exposed the misery of taxation since Tianbao, the ferocity of the officials' collection, and the severity of the people's sufferings. The three generations of Jiang's family were willing to risk their lives to catch poisonous snakes instead of paying complicated taxes, and they would rather be bitten to death by the poisonous snakes than to endure the bullying of the officials, which reflected the harsh social reality of that time profoundly and broadly from one side with a unique point of view. The author summarizes this reality in a nutshell as "the poison of taxation is more than a snake".

The article from beginning to end of the poisonous snakes and convergence linked, the use of baking and contrast, layer by layer to promote, highlighting the theme. For example, the beginning of the article explains the huge venom of the snake, highlighting the Jiang's three generations of snake catching hardship and misfortune; the author out of sympathy, said that he would like to help exempt the snake catching hard labor and resumption of tax payment, Jiang's not only did not have the color of joy, on the contrary, "wang however, sobbing," the pain of snake catching misfortune, not as bad as the loss of the tax of the misfortune. The article compares Jiang's misfortune of catching snakes with that of his neighbors who suffered from the damage of taxation; it compares the scene of the harassment of the neighbors by the tax-collecting officials with the situation of Jiang's "joyful and joyful" survival after offering the snakes. In this way, the article not only shows that the snake is poisonous, the snake catcher can be sad, but also further reveals that the convergence is more terrible than the snake, the majority of ordinary farmers than the snake catcher is more miserable. The last paragraph summarizes the center with the thesis, and logically closes the whole article. The whole idea is novel and natural, compact and rippling.

"Lonely and deserted, bleak and cold!" -- "Eight Memoirs of Yongzhou"

The landscape of Yongzhou is strange and majestic, and many places are still little known. Liu Zongyuan in a long period of boredom during the waiting for the crime, they traveled around, searching for the strange to explore, in order to open up the mind, to get the spiritual solace. The famous "Eight Memoirs of Yongzhou" is the crystallization of travel under this mentality.

"Yongzhou eight records" in turn, including the "Beginning of the West Mountain Banquet Tour", "cobalt pool record", "cobalt pool west hill record", "to the small hill west small stone pool record", "Yuan thirst record", "stone canal record", "stone stream record", "small stone city mountain record", etc., the eight records of their own independent, but also interlinked, as if disconnected, constituting an organic whole. Eight records on the one hand, precise and accurate reproduction of the beautiful landscape scenery, so that readers have a sense of immersion, on the other hand, and their own frustrations and anguish woven into the mood, everywhere floating in their own figure, really do the scenario, so that the Yongzhou shrouded in a layer of rich poignant mood. This article from the "beginning to get" in mind, with the refined image of language, vivid and sincere depiction, by climbing to the top of the West Mountain, see the feeling of the lyric, warmly praised the West Mountain's strange, showing the author of the noble character of the upright and in nature to get the feeling of spiritual liberation.

At the beginning of the article, from the author's fear after being deported and roaming revealed his situation at that time and state of mind, so that the natural scenery and the author's life encounter closely integrated together, and with the annoyance of the ugly social reality to form a strong contrast. The author put between the landscape, traveled all over the strange mountains and waters of Yongzhou, "thought that all the state's landscape has a different state, all I have", but "did not begin to know that the West Mountain of the strange".

Next, they wrote about the discovery of the West Mountain and the beginning of the tour of the West Mountain, focusing on what they see and feel at the top of the mountain. Climbing high to look at the situation, the high and low, things like puddle, if the anthill if the hole, the size of a thousand miles, save knit cumulative, can not hide, haunted by the green drape white, outside and the sky, four look like a. Then know that the mountain's special, the mountain's special, the mountain's special, the mountain's special, the mountain's special, the mountain's special. Then I knew that the mountain was special, not in the same category as Pei. Yoyo and Hazel gas club, and can not get the end of the line; Oceanic and the Creator swim, and do not know what it is poor.

The author's depiction, did not directly focus on the scenery of the West Mountain itself, but based on the principle of perspective, focusing on the painting of the vision of the eyes in the view, through their mutual contrast, as well as vivid metaphorical color rendering, constituting a gorgeous and colorful haunting the green and white landscape painting. The author had great political ambitions and a noble character of not attaching himself to power and nobility. His repeated accentuation, deliberate rendering and enthusiastic praise of the strange features of the western mountains are the self-expression of his noble character that insists on standing out in adversity. In the face of such a beautiful scenery, the author then "lead the goblet full of wine, decadent on the drunk, do not know the day into", until "pale twilight, from far away, to nothing to see and still do not want to return. The heart condenses and the form is released, and the world is in harmony". The author was often fearful, full of anger. And climbed to the summit of the West Mountain and nature is one, transcendental feelings, so that the author's fear and grief and anger swept away, the spirit of temporary great relief.

The Cobalt Pool is the second of the Eight Memoirs of Yongzhou. Cobalt pool, the shape of the pool like iron. At the beginning of the "Cobalt Pool in the West Mountain West", only seven words not only point the title, but also explain the location of the pool, and with the first "Beginning of the West Mountain Banquet Tour" connected.

The author writes about the pool, first of all, the formation process of the pool, focusing on the two fights between the water and the stone. The author used anthropomorphic description, so that the water gained vitality, seemingly sound. The water comes, not flow but run, write the fight of the water, do not use the erosion but with the rodent, vividly expressed the water against the rocks, do not let go of the impact. Write the water to go, not to flow, but with Xu Xing, as if to see that peaceful and soothing ripple roaming flow. Pool water from the Ran water, "running injection" and down, visible rapid like an arrow, straight down a thousand miles of momentum. Suddenly ran into the rocks, so the two against, stone because there is a mountain, the water can only "bend eastward". Immediately because of the "upside down," the favored terrain, the water re-accumulation of power, began to "swing", biting and meshing with the edge of the rock. Soft can overcome hard, the result is the formation of a "side wide and deep" of the pool. It is broad nearly ten acres more than the surface of the calm, deep and clear, around the environment of blue trees, high up in the spring water. Its serenity and elegance and before the fierce fight just into a strong contrast.

The beauty of the pool, the author stayed in love with, more than the urgent swim, caused to sell the field to the attention of the residents of the pool, and thus come to the door to ask for the sale. The author "happy and as he said". After buying the house, he remodeled it, and the view of the lake was so beautiful that he couldn't stop thinking about the land. The author was disappointed far depreciation, was "not happy to live in Yi", "do not forget the homeland", but now because of the pool, even happy to live in Yi, forget the homeland, fully demonstrates the author of the cobalt pool of deep feelings and pool on the high praise of the scenery. However, the author is only bitter sweet. On the surface of the open and leisurely, but inwardly it is painful and sad, the wonderful scenery on the pool everywhere through the meaning of bleak.

"Cobalt Pool West hill" is the "Eight Records of Yongzhou" third. Cobalt pool situation, the main body is water; the main body of the situation of the hill is stone. The author focuses on describing the stone "strange", the same use of anthropomorphic techniques. Suddenly angry supine", not only wrote out the shape of the stone, but also wrote out the stone's demeanor, and then further, with a "negative soil and out" out of the word, but also wrote out the stone's action. Stone of the strange both more to the uncountable, of course, can not write all, and then cited two of them as a representative of the two groups, "and their tired and down, if the cattle and horses of the drink in the stream; the punch of the corner of the column on the one, if the bear's mountain," vivid and detailed, can be described as "the words out of the meaning of the table, and carve the picture without the top".

However, such a beautiful and peculiar hill, is actually the master of the "abandoned land". Abandoned to the price of four hundred, and even years can not be sold. The mound's sufferings shook the author's heart, so he pity and buy it. After getting the hill, "I took more tools, shoveled and mowed the dirty grass, cut down the evil wood, and burned it with fire." This removal of the action, is the natural world of the abomination of the evil grass and wood, but why not convey the author of the evil forces of society's abhorrence! The sound of the east and the west, just pointing at the mulberry tree. When the shovel mowed and burned, Jia Mu Mei bamboo stones all of a sudden show in front of the new owner, the hill restored its natural beauty of the style, and:

By which to look, the mountain of high, cloud floating, stream flow, birds and animals roam, lifting the Xi Xi Ran back to the skill offer skills to effect under the hill. Pillow and lie down, then the shape of the Qingling and eye seek, sound and ear seek, leisurely and false with the God seek, abyss and yet quiet with the heart seek, do not turn for ten years and get a different place two, although the ancient good people, or failed to get to the end of the year

proud of the rest, think back to the discovery and get the process of the hill, can not help but feel the Department of emotion. The hill is a small hill, in the Diji for the famous, in the far state for the abandoned land. The abandoned hill was "ugly by farmers", appreciated by the author and his friends, and thus changed its destiny completely, which was just a chance coincidence, too rare. So before writing the hill of victory, after writing the feeling of abandonment, happy at the end of the poignancy, the turn of the only see the ghost of pity. The name of the hill, in fact, for the author only.

To the small hill west small stone pool record is the fourth of the "eight records of Yongzhou". The author from the cobalt pool west hill, and westbound one hundred and twenty paces, suddenly heard behind the bamboo forest came like a ring ring ringing murmuring water, can not help but "the heart of the music"." Fell bamboo to take the road" and then see the pool water is clear and fresh, pool stone lofty, pool tree verdant, Mengluo shake embellishment, which is in the heart of the music under the scene seen. After pointing out the small stone pool with fascinating ink, the article will focus on the phrase "the water is especially fresh and clean" to start describing. First of all, it starts with the word "stone" to portray the shape of the small rock pool, which is "all stone as the bottom", thus writing out the reason for the clear water of the pool. Then it uses the techniques of writing in the real and writing in the static to contrast the clarity of the water by describing the fish, which are "all like empty swimmers with nothing to rely on". There is not a word or sentence about the water, but only with the object to show the main body, so that it is like a relief generally give a three-dimensional sense. At the same time he describes the clear water of the pool, but also for the following "to its realm is too clear, can not live for a long time, is remembered and go" to make a good preparation, so that he was that kind of depression and disillusioned mood, skillfully in the poignant and profound natural realm. Then he looked at the swimming fish in the pool;

The fish in the pool can be hundreds of heads, all if the empty swim without dependence. The sunlight is clear, the shadow cloth on the stone, and is not moving, out of the far away, to and from the open and close, seems to be happy with the swimmers.

The fish in the pool several words, the body of God. Liu Wen Junjie deep and clear, in this case. At this moment, just like Zhuangzi when watching the fish, the same thing I, happy and forgetful of the realm. However, this happy state of mind changed. When he raised his head to the southwest when looking at the water, see the water twists and turns, the shore of the interlocking, "can not know its source", there is a kind of change without a fixed, unfathomable feeling, then he seemed to be shaken, around the bamboo tree is no longer the previous "Monroe shaking decorations, the difference between the phi whisks" of the vibrant scene, and appears "lonely and no one, bleak God cold bones," and even "to the realm of the over-clean, can not be a long time to live in," and hastily left! The text is not the same as the program of the trip. This article in the travel program and the first three connected, but in the writing of the landscape is more refined, in the mentality of the disclosure is more hidden. Although the "Little Stone Pool" in the eight is considered to be a more bright tone, but read to the end of the cold and depressed mood can still be experienced. In this article, the first panoramic view of Yongzhou, through the contrast between the guest and the host and contrast, highlighting the main object of the article to describe. The scenery of Yuanjia Thirsty is mixed and mismatched, and the colors are mottled. The water has a sound, the mountain has a color, the branches and trunks are sparse, the flowers and leaves are swaying. The mountains, the water, the flowers, the grass, all become articles. Such as describing the wind from the four sides of the mountains down shaking the flowers, plants and trees:

Every wind from the four mountains down, vibration wood, cover the grass, red and green, luxuriant fragrance; rushing waves spinning, back storage valley; rocking Weiweiwei, with the time to move. The majority of them are like this, and I can't describe them in detail.

The tree with shaking, the grass with hiding, the flowers with red and green, are vivid and detailed and evocative, subtle and accurate.

The Stone Canal is the sixth of the Eight Memoirs of Yongzhou. This article is written on the spring and spring scenery, each with its own characteristics.

Since the thirst of the southwest line can not be a hundred paces, to get the stone canal, the people on the bridge. There is a spring of quiet, and its sound at first big and small. Drainage of the wide or a stone's throw, or double feet, its length can be ten or so steps. The stream reaches a large stone, and ambles out from underneath it. Oracle stone and go, there is a rocky water, calamus was, green fresh around. And folded westbound, the side of the sunken rocks, the north fell into a small pool. The width of the pool into a hundred feet, deep and clear repair fish. And the north curved line Yu Yu, look at as if endless, and then into the thirst. On the side of all the weird stone and strange wood, strange flowers, beautiful arrows, can sit in a row and protection. Wind shaking its top, rhyme moving cliffs and valleys. See the quiet, the beginning of its hearing far away.

stone canal, stone and small pool, these three aspects of the scene although the same in a picture, but their characteristics are different. The characteristics of the stone canal is narrow, so the spring water in the canal is weak, touching the stone, instead of stirring up huge waves, but the ambush out of its bottom; stone red is characterized by low-lying, so the water is deeper than the stone canal, covered or surrounded by calamus moss; and the characteristics of the small pool is clear and deep, so the water from the stone canal flows into the pool, and you can see the fish inside. Besides, the author also writes about the stones, trees, flowers and bamboos on the spring, especially focusing on the depiction of the sound of the wind. The wind shakes the tips of the bamboo trees, resulting in shocking the cliffs and valleys of the long-lasting reverberation, so that the reader from the visual into the auditory, to the picture-like scenery, plus a kind of poetic rhyme like music. This article follows the above, the scenery is still written spring, stone and trees, but the author is good at capturing the personality of the **** outside, such as:

The water of the big, times the stone canal three of the stone for the bottom of the stone, up to the two ends of the earth. If the bed if the hall, if the Chen feast, if the limit threshold. Horizontal cloth on it, flow like weaving text, sound like playing the piano.

The stone in the water, the spring are used "if" the word indicates that the trees and stones on the spring, the use of Cui Yu, dragon scales to direct metaphor, "Cui Yu of wood, dragon scale stone, are shade on it. The author first focuses on depicting the shape, layout and strange scenery of the small stone city mountain, and then turned to discuss the existence of the Creator, with the suspicion of the pen criticized the concept of destiny, and at the same time poured out his own relegation, the ambition of the grief of the unfulfilled. The article is a great deal more than a thousand miles in length, and as someone said before, "The strokes of the pen are in front of the eyes, and the strokes of the pen are out of the sky." The author writes about the scenery of Little Rock Mountain, mainly in expressing a feeling. At that time, some people thought that the beautiful things were used by heaven to comfort the insulted sages, and some people thought that the beautiful scenery was caused by the spirit of the spirit, which was denied by the author.

Yelp! I doubt the existence of the Creator for a long time. And is, the more thought sincere. And blame it not for the middle of the state, but listed as barbarians, more thousands of years not a sale of its trick, is solid labor and useless. If it is not appropriate for the gods, then it is not? Or said: to comfort the wise and humiliated in this. Or said: the spirit of its gas, not for the great man and only for this thing, so the south of Chu less people and more stone. It is two, I do not believe.

The author in this piece of this feeling, is because of the above articles issued in the sense of the body and the world are closely linked. If you believe that the sky has a will, then the author's depreciation is the will of God, and there is no need to be sad. If he believed that these beautiful scenes were used by Heaven to comfort the virtuous, then he would have been intoxicated with himself and would have forgotten the sorrow and injustice of his own persecution. It is precisely because the author did not believe in these things that he combined his personal feelings with the landscapes and wrote them in a way that blended the scenes.

The author does not believe in the will of heaven, and laments his own persecution:

A heart of love is paid to the beautiful scenery,

How many miserable smoke and water!