What are the types of scientific and technological activities?

01. Information technology: refers to the development of computer hardware, software, external equipment, communication network equipment, as well as the use of computer hardware, software and digital transmission network for text, graphics, feature recognition, information collection, information processing and transmission activities.

02. Biotechnology: including genetic engineering, cell engineering, enzyme engineering and fermentation engineering, refers to the activities carried out for the development of biotechnology itself, on the relevant principles, techniques, special processes, tests and instruments, as well as the activities carried out for the provision of new biotechnology products for the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, medicine and health, chemical, food and light industry sectors by utilizing biotechnology. Research on life sciences without specific objectives or with specific objectives but not for the promotion of biotechnology is not included in this classification.

03. New materials: refers to newly developed or under development materials with excellent properties or specific functions, such as new inorganic non-metallic materials, new organic synthetic materials, new metal and alloy materials. Including the development of new materials for the development of relevant principles, technologies, new products, special processes, testing and activities.

04. Energy technology: including the general theory of energy issues, regional energy development and utilization, oil, natural gas, coal, renewable energy development and utilization, new energy (solar energy, bio-energy, nuclear energy, ocean energy, etc.) research and development and utilization, energy-saving technology, energy conversion and storage of new technologies and other activities.

05. Laser technology: the development of lasers and laser modulation technology, and activities for the application of lasers in industry, agriculture, medicine, defense and other fields.

06. Automation technology: activities in the field of control systems, applications of automation technology, automation components, instruments and devices, artificial intelligence automation, robotics and so on.

07. Aerospace Technology: Activities carried out in the field of research related to launch vehicles and artificial satellites proper and research related to ground equipment used for tracking and communication. Excluding astronomy and meteorological observation.

08. Marine technology: including activities related to the maintenance of maritime rights and interests and public welfare services technology research, the development and utilization of marine biological resources and industrialization, marine oil and gas exploration and development technology, marine environmental factors monitoring technology.

09. Other technical fields: belong to the technical field, but can not be categorized into the above eight categories of other technical activities.

The classification and code of the type of subject matter activities

1. Basic research: original research for the acquisition of new knowledge. It aims at revealing the basic principles and laws of observed phenomena and facts without any particular practical application.

2. Applied research: original research for the acquisition of new scientific and technological knowledge. It is mainly aimed at a particular practical application purposes. Applied research is usually to determine the possible use of basic research results or knowledge, or to identify new methods (principle) or ways to achieve a specific, predetermined practical purposes.

*The main mark of distinction between basic and applied research: research with a specific practical applied purpose belongs to the latter.

3. Experimental development: Systematic work utilizing knowledge gained from research or practical experience for the purpose of producing

new materials, products, and devices, establishing new processes and systems, and making substantial improvements in those already produced or established.

*The main distinction between scientific research (basic and applied) and experimental development: the former is primarily aimed at increasing scientific and technological knowledge, while the latter is aimed at opening up new applications (e.g., new materials or technologies).

*The main mark of distinction between scientific research and experimental development (i.e. R&D) and other related activities: activities with an innovative component are categorized as the former.

4. Application of research and experimental development results: in order to solve the stage of research and experimental development activities resulting from new products, new devices, new processes, new technologies, new methods, new systems and services can be put into production or applied in practice in the technical problems that exist in the systematic activities. It does not have an innovative component. This type of activity includes the finalized design and trial production for the purpose of production as well as the adaptation test for the purpose of expanding the scale of production of the new product and the field of application of the new method, new technology, new process, etc.

*The boundaries between research and experimental development, application of the results of research and experimental development and industrial production activities are roughly divided as follows:

1) Development of new products

Substantial new products, i.e., completely new new products or major improvements in the performance of existing products, design, manufacture and testing, are research and development activities. The process of introducing (or purchasing) ready-made technological achievements (such as patents, know-how, drawings and prototypes, etc.) to be copied or directly applied to form a new product is not a research and experimental development activity, but an application activity of the results of research and experimental development.

② new processes, new methods of development

The development of new processes, new methods or existing processes, production processes for the substantive improvement of technology, research and experimental development. Adoption of existing domestic production processes or production processes, but no substantial improvement in technology, but only on the adoption of production processes or production processes for the adaptability of the test, is not research and experimental development, but the application of the results of research and experimental development activities.

3 intermediate test

New products, new technologies, new production processes directly before production, to live in the intermediate test to solve a series of technical problems, the situation is more complex, whether it is research and experimental development should be determined on a case-by-case basis.

If the direct purpose of the intermediate test is to further improve the product from the technical, technological or production process or for this purpose of the test to gain experience and collect data, is the research and experimental development; if it is to carry out the finalization of the design of the product, to obtain the main production of the technical parameters required, it is not research and experimental development, but the results of the research and experimental development of the application of activities.

4 trial production

Trial production is in the completion of the pre-production of various technical preparations, in the formal production before the production of "experimental" production, trial production is not the direct purpose of the product or the production process in the technical aspects of the further improvement, but in order to make the production can be carried out smoothly, and therefore neither belongs to the research and experimental development, and also does not belong to the application of the results of research and experimental development activities.

⑤Quality Control and Inspection and Testing

Quality control of the production process and routine inspection and testing of materials, equipment and products are neither research and experimental development nor application of research and experimental development results. Prototype inspection and testing and inspection and testing in non-commercial pilot plants (pilot workshops) are research and experimental development.

3 market research

Neither research and experimental development, nor research and experimental development results application activities.

5. scientific and technological services: related to scientific research and experimental development and contribute to the generation, dissemination and application of scientific and technological knowledge of the activities, including: for the expansion of scientific and technological achievements of the use of the paradigm for the demonstration of the promotion of the work; for the user to provide scientific and technological information and documentation services for the systematic work; for the user to provide feasibility reports, technical programs, proposals and technical proof of technical consulting and other technical work; Routine observation and monitoring of natural and biological phenomena, expedition and exploration of resources; collection of general information on social, humanistic and economic phenomena, such as statistics and market surveys, as well as routine analysis and collation of such information; and testing, standardization, metrology, computation, quality control and patenting services for the society and the public, excluding the above activities carried out by industrial and commercial enterprises for the purpose of carrying out normal production.

6. Primary production activities: non-routine production in small quantities due to the availability of special conditions of process equipment, or the possession of certain technical expertise or know-how.

National Hi-Tech Product Catalog

1 Electronics and Information

101 Computer: super minicomputers, mainframe computers, jumbo computers, high-grade microcomputers (PCs), workstations, servers, portable computers, laptop computers, and multimedia computers, emulators, industrial controllers, network computers (NC)

102 computer peripherals: new storage devices, new display terminals, new printing terminals, automatic plotters, coordinate digitizers, computer boards, intelligent power supply, automatic scanning input devices, other new computer peripherals

103 information processing equipment: office automation equipment and systems, automatic typesetting equipment and systems, laser phototypesetting equipment and systems, graphics, Image processing equipment, text, voice, image processing equipment, text, voice, image recognition equipment, photoelectric information processing equipment, seal, text and image identification system, other pro-type information processing equipment

104 Computer network products: network servers, network terminal equipment, network interface adapters, multi-protocol communication adapters, network testing equipment, other network systems, special equipment

105 computer software products: system software, support software (Chinese platform software, software development tools, tools software, database management system software, etc.), multimedia software (text, data, graphics, image processing software, etc.), business management software (MIS systems, financial, business, finance, tax, industry and commerce, office automation, education and management, etc.), supporting software (CAD, CAM, etc.), simulation software and control software, intelligent software (expert systems, machine translation systems, etc.), network applications (INTERNET, INTRANET, etc.), security and confidentiality software, systems integration software, other applications

106 microelectronics, electronics

Components: hybrid integrated circuits, large-scale integrated circuits, New electric vacuum devices, new semiconductor devices, new power electronic devices, chip electronic components, sensitive components and sensors

107 optoelectronic components and their products: new lasers, laser modulators, laser holography systems and optical memory, new photoelectric light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, integrated optical products, flat-panel displays, large-screen and high-definition color picture tube, Microlight, infrared and thermal imaging devices

108 radio and television equipment: high-definition digital color television sets, flat-panel televisions and new projection television devices, new cable television system equipment, high-performance satellite television reception equipment, graphic television system equipment, film and television production equipment, all-solid-state digital television transmitting equipment, digital audio equipment, camcorder, digital reception, recording equipment, CD-ROM and CD-ROM machine, large-screen color display system 109 communications equipment: high-performance digital program-controlled switches, computer communications and data transmission equipment, digital mobile communications equipment, digital satellite communications equipment, digital microwave communications equipment, high subgroups of fiber-optic communications equipment, communications radar equipment, high-performance facsimile machines, no strong telephone, electronic mail, multimedia communications terminals, wireless and wired hybrid network communications equipment Comprehensive business digital network communications equipment, network system interconnection and integration technology products, network data security technology products, network management technology products

2 Biological, pharmaceutical technology

201 Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries: application of genetic engineering, cell engineering and other high-tech cultivation of new varieties of excellent agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries, a new type of veterinary vaccines, a new type of agricultural genetic engineering products, a new type of agricultural testing, Diagnostic reagents, new crop growth and pest control products, new veterinary and aquatic growth and pest control products, new and highly efficient bio-feeds and additives 202 Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare: Genetically Engineered Drugs, Genetically Engineered Vaccines and New Vaccines, Monoclonal Antibody-Coupled Drugs, Medical Monoclonal Antibody Diagnostic Reagents and Kits, Enzyme Diagnostic Reagents and Enzyme Kits, DNA Probes and Gene Diagnostic Reagents, Active Proteins and Peptides, Medical Pharmaceuticals and Pharmaceuticals. Proteins and peptides, medical enzymes, microbial secondary metabolites (amino acids, antibiotics, etc.), medicinal plant and animal cell engineering products, various types of new small molecule drugs, new types of chemically synthesized, semi-synthetic drugs, the use of modern pharmaceutical technology to produce new types of traditional Chinese medicines and preparations, new types of bio-health care products, drugs and useful substances produced by marine biology

203 Light industry and food: new types of high-efficiency enzyme preparations for industrial use, fermentation, and other products. Enzyme preparations for industrial use, fermentation method for the production of amino acids, new organic acids, microbial polysaccharides and sugar esters, natural pigments and high-grade flavors and fragrances, new, high-grade food additives, new active microorganisms and products, amylose and its derivatives

204 Other biotechnology products: new biochemical products, biotechnology and products for environmental management, high-efficiency separation and purification media, biotechnology research with New reagents, biotechnology extraction of rare minerals, standard laboratory animals, new biological, pharmaceutical culture, preparation equipment

3 New materials

301 Metal materials: high purity metal materials, ultrafine metal materials, new metal foils and profiles, amorphous, microcrystalline alloys, shape memory alloys, large-diameter semiconductors, new

electronic materials, superconducting materials, Energy storage materials, magnetic materials, rare metals and rare earth materials, high-performance special alloy materials, metal fibers and microporous materials, catalyst materials, surface-modified metal materials, metal materials for biomedical use, precious metal materials, special powder and powder metallurgy products

302 Inorganic non-metallic materials: high-purity, ultra-fine ceramic powder materials, inorganic electronic materials, high-performance functional ceramics, structural ceramics, High-performance ceramic fibers, glass fibers, biomedical inorganic non-metallic materials, diamond film, super-hard materials, artificial crystals, special glass, optical fibers, special graphite products, special seals, friction materials, new building materials, special coatings, fillers, high-efficiency filtration materials, high-performance insulating, thermal insulation materials

303 Organic polymer materials and products: new engineering plastics and Plastic alloys, functional polymer materials, silicone and fluorine materials, special synthetic fibers, special rubber and sealing and damping materials, liquid crystal materials, dyeing and finishing, paper, leather, petrochemicals, fine chemicals, organic coatings and adhesives, pharmaceuticals, veterinary drugs, pesticides, intermediates and products, organic separation membranes, biomedical polymers, organic photoelectronic materials, modified polymer materials

304 Composite materials: metal matrix composites and products, resin matrix composites and products, ceramic matrix composites and products, composites with reinforcing agents

4 Opto-electromechanical integration

401 Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Equipment: Industrial Robotics Products, Flexible Manufacturing Cells (FMC), Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS), Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) application development products, frequency control devices, servo control systems and high-grade CNC systems, new digital display devices, high-performance CNC machine tools, machining centers, precision molding and processing technology products, high-performance surface treatment of materials and modification equipment, new laser processing equipment

402 Mechatronics machinery and equipment: Mechatronics textile, plastics, printing, packaging, tobacco, food, and so on. packaging, tobacco, food and other light machinery and equipment, mechatronic engineering, mining, metallurgy and other machinery and equipment, new electric power, petroleum, chemical equipment, special transport vehicles, new ships and other advanced transportation equipment, high-grade home appliances, high-performance automotive electronics and automotive key components, advanced scanning and imaging systems

403 electromechanical basic parts: high-performance mechanical basic parts, new low-voltage, high-voltage electrical appliances, high-performance materials surface treatment and modification equipment, laser processing equipment

402 Mechatronic machinery and equipment: high-performance mechanical parts New low-voltage, high-voltage appliances, new high-power power supply, precision molds and new gauges, cutting edge tools, new special pumps, valves

404 Instruments: new industrial automation instrumentation, high-performance analytical instrumentation and signal recording instrumentation, new measurement, metrology instruments, new testing machines and analog instruments, high-precision new sensors, advanced photographic equipment and micro-systems

405 Monitoring equipment and control systems: high-grade programmable controllers, centralized control systems, distributed control systems, industrial production process automatic control systems, power scheduling and management of automation systems, fire, explosion-proof alarm detectors and control systems, anti-theft alarm detectors and control systems, automated monitoring and management systems for transportation, the new television monitoring systems, other intelligent controllers

406 medical devices

: ray, ultrasound, infrared, thermal imaging, magnetic **** vibration and other imaging diagnostic equipment, medical biochemical detection and analysis instruments, bioelectric signal detection and clinical monitoring equipment, ray, ultrasound, laser, electromagnetic waves and other therapeutic devices, the new traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic and therapeutic instruments, and other high-tech medical equipment

5 new energy, energy-efficient

501 new energy: solar high-efficiency collectors and power generation equipment, solar cells and application systems, large and medium-sized wind turbines, liquefied gas storage of new devices, new hydrogen production and storage devices, new high-energy batteries, geothermal, ocean energy application devices, other new high-efficiency power generation equipment

502 high-efficiency energy-saving: high-efficiency centralized heat supply and cogeneration of large and medium-capacity Industrial boilers, new fluidized bed industrial boilers, industrial kilns, new combustion devices, new waste heat recovery devices, high-efficiency steam network equipment, new energy-saving fans, pumps, oil pumps, new high-efficiency compressors, energy-saving air separation equipment, energy-saving air-conditioners, refrigerated cabinets, high-efficiency chillers, new high-efficiency motor speed control device, inverter welding machine, new high-precision controlled atmosphere furnace, high-power and ultra-high-power Large-tonnage electric arc furnace, low-loss power transformers, lighting electronic energy-saving products, new energy-saving internal combustion engines, new water-saving equipment, energy-saving measuring instruments and automatic control devices

6 Environmental Protection

601 Air pollution prevention and control equipment: high-efficiency, multi-functional (dust, desulfurization, denitrogenation, explosion-proof) dust collector, high-efficiency flue gas desulfurization and sulfur dioxide treatment and recycling equipment, new types of Industrial waste gas purification and recycling device, automobile exhaust purification device

602 Water pollution prevention and control equipment: municipal sewage treatment equipment, industrial waste treatment, purification and recycling equipment

603 Solid waste treatment equipment: solid waste separation, sorting and treatment equipment, safe treatment of hazardous wastes, municipal garbage transportation and processing equipment

< p>604 noise vibration, electromagnetic radiation and radioactive pollution prevention and control equipment

605 environmental monitoring instruments: environmental atmosphere and gas pollution source monitoring instruments, environmental water quality and pollution source water quality monitoring instruments, solid waste monitoring instruments, noise vibration, electromagnetic radiation and radiation monitoring instruments

7 Aerospace

701 aircraft: passenger aircraft, transport aircraft Helicopters, Light and Ultra-light Aircraft, Aircraft without Mechanical Propulsion (including Gliders)

702 Aeronautical Mechanical Equipment and Ground Devices: Aircraft Engines, Onboard Navigation Equipment, Onboard Control Equipment, Ground Navigation Equipment, Ground Flight Training Devices, Aeronautical Instrumentation, Life Support Systems

703 Launch Vehicles: Launch Vehicle Products, Launch Vehicle Structural Systems and Products, Launch Vehicle Power Units, Power Systems and Products, Launch Vehicle Control Systems and Products, Dynamic Launch Vehicle Energy Systems, Launch Vehicle Test Equipment, Test Equipment, Ground Measurement, Control and Reception Equipment, Launch and Control Equipment

704 Application Satellites: Various Application Satellites, Application Satellite Structure System Products, Application Satellite Power Units, Power Systems and Products, Application Satellite Control Systems and Products, Application Satellite Energy Systems and Products Control System and Products, Application Satellite Energy System and Products, Application Satellite Temperature Control System and Products, Application Satellite Test Equipment, Test Equipment, Application

Application Satellite Ground Measuring, Control and Receiving Equipment, Satellite Detection System, Satellite Cloud Map Receiving Equipment, GPS Satellite Navigator, Remote Sensing Equipment, Remote Sensing Image Products 705 Detection Rockets and Their Launchers

706 Others Aerospace products: hot air balloons, inflatable airships, port radar, wind measurement radar

8 Earth, space and ocean engineering

801 Energy, mineral resources exploration: oil search, mineral search equipment, microbial mineral processing equipment, precious metal exploration equipment, groundwater, thermal and other energy, resource exploration equipment

802 Solid Earth observation equipment: physical and chemical exploration of new Instruments, seismic waves, electromagnetic waves, chromatographic imaging equipment

803 Atmospheric Ocean Observation Experimental Instruments: atmospheric remote sensing, hydroacoustic telemetry instruments, new ocean-atmosphere sensors

804 Space Environmental Elements Detection Equipment

805 Large-scale engineering, undersea facilities, foundation stability exploration and monitoring equipment: engineering geophysical exploration equipment, undersea equipment, anticorrosion equipment, Slope stability monitoring equipment

9 Nuclear Application Technology

901 Nuclear Radiation Products: radioactive sources and production devices, neutrons, electrons and irradiation devices, nuclear protection materials and devices, ion sources, nuclear irradiation modified products

902 Isotopes and Applied Products: isotope products and products, isotope separation devices, isotope detection devices, isotope production devices, Isotope-labeled drugs (compounds)

903 Nuclear Materials: Uranium and its converts (natural uranium and low enriched uranium), nuclear fuel components and assemblies, nuclear fuel production and monitoring equipment, and other nuclear materials

904 Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Chemistry Laboratory Instruments and Equipment: Accelerators of all kinds (including high-pressure multipliers), spectrometers of all kinds (including multichannel systems), and equipment for extraction of transuranic elements

905 /p>

905 nuclear electronic products: ion and ray detection, analytical instruments, geological survey and prospecting nuclear instruments (including logging nuclear instruments), land resources census (including groundwater detection) nuclear instruments, other nuclear instruments, nuclear detection components 906 nuclear reactors and ancillary products: heavy water test reactors and ancillary products, miniature nuclear reactors and ancillary products, pulsed reactors and ancillary products, and other Test reactors and ancillary products

907 Nuclear energy and ancillary products: pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants and ancillary products, low-temperature power and heat reactor nuclear power plants and ancillary products, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and ancillary products, block neutron enrichment and ancillary products, controlled fusion devices and ancillary products, marine power reactors and ancillary products, space nuclear reactors, nuclear batteries

Socio-Economic Activities of Scientific and Technological Activities Objectives

1. Development of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries: Includes all R-D primarily devoted to the development and support of these activities, e.g. it includes research on related chemicals and machinery (e.g. agrochemicals and agricultural machinery), but excludes R-D on food processing and food packaging, which should be included under the "Promotion of Industry" objective below.

2. Promotion of industrial development: This includes R-D programs whose primary objective is to support industrial development. The core component consists of R-D programs in manufacturing as well as construction, wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels, banking, insurance, and other commercial or general industrial areas, and does not include R-D implemented by industry in support of other objectives (e.g., in the areas of aerospace, defense, transportation, and communications), although there are important secondary effects on the development of the industries concerned. Funding for R-D in public *** undertakings also does not fall into this category, but should be included under the corresponding objective. For example, the development of a new type of rolling stock as part of a national railroad restructuring plan is for the development of the transportation system and should be programmed under the objective of "infrastructure development", but the development of similar rolling stock for export sales would fall under the objective of "promotion of industrial development". Similarly, R-D for tourism in support of cultural activities should be included under the objective of "social development and social services", but R-D whose primary intent is to promote the prosperity of the hotel and tourism industry should be included in the category of "promotion of industrial development".

3. Production and rational utilization of energy: Includes all R-D activities related to the supply, production, conservation and distribution of energy in all its forms, but R-D related to means of delivery and rocket propulsion shall be excluded. R-D relating to hydro and nuclear energy shall be listed separately, if necessary.

4. Infrastructure development: consists of two subcategories: transportation and communications, and urban and rural planning. Transportation and communication includes R-D for research on better and safer transportation systems (including traffic safety studies), R-D for all communication services (except satellites), and R-D for planning and establishment of communication networks. urban and rural planning includes R-D for master planning of urban and rural areas, better housing, improvement of community environments (e.g., selection of hospitals, soundproofing), etc. The latter subcategory includes R-D for the development of infrastructure. The intent of the latter subcategory is to harmonize the various elements and create a "total environment" through integrated planning.

5. Environmental Governance and Protection: This includes R-D aimed at keeping the natural environment "undamaged", and involves the prevention and monitoring of pollution of the atmosphere, water, soil and strata, noise, solid waste disposal, and radiation: Pollution prevention involves R-D aimed at preventing the pollution that may be caused by a number of activities; Pollution monitoring and control involves the monitoring and control of pollution with regard to its causes, spread and remediation, as well as its impact on the environment and its impacts on the environment. spread and remediation, and the effects of pollution on any environment.

6. Health (excluding pollution): This category includes R-D programs undertaken to protect and improve human health. It includes: food hygiene and nutrition, medical radiotherapy, biochemical engineering, medical information. R-D in therapeutic rationalization and pharmacology (including drug testing and breeding of laboratory animals for scientific research purposes), as well as epidemiological studies, occupational disease prevention and drug addiction.

7. Social Development and Social Services: This category covers R-D related to social and cultural issues, including such things as social security, social services, social relations, culture, recreation and leisure, law and order, consumer protection, working conditions, labor relations, manpower development, public **** management, national economy, peace and other international goals.

8. Exploration and Utilization of the Earth and Atmosphere: This category includes the exploration and utilization of the Earth's crust and mantle, the near oceans, the oceans and the atmosphere. It does not include pollution studies. Soil research for agricultural purposes or fisheries research. However, it includes R-D in meteorology (except for meteorological research conducted by artificial satellites

).

9. Overall Development of Knowledge: This category includes all R-D that contributes to the overall development of knowledge, but for which no specific objectives can be identified. it has two components, namely, promotion of research and general university funding (CUF). The promotion of research refers to all grants or expenditures for R-D for which no specific objectives can be identified. A complementary categorization of this category by field of science may be useful. General university funds should include all R-D projects funded by general appropriations from the State Department of Education.

10. Civilian Space: This category includes all civilian R-D activities involving space (programs for military purposes should be included in the 11 "Defense" objectives below), including R-D activities on launch vehicles and spacecraft and their power plants and ground control facilities (launch bases, navigation, telemetry, and remote control commands), as well as satellites and interstellar probes. R-D activities in stratospheric sounding balloons, sounding rockets, etc., and the use of spacecraft for communications, meteorology, navigation, and investigation of Earth's resources, etc., shall also be categorized under this objective.

11. National Defense: This category includes R-D projects conducted primarily for national defense purposes, regardless of the content of their research or whether they have a secondary civilian purpose. The criterion for judgment is not the nature of the project or product (or who is funding the project), but his goals. The goal of defense R-D is to build equipment or enhance technology for the military, including nuclear weapons and space R-D for national defense purposes; civilian R-D funded by the Department of Defense (e.g., meteorological or communications research) and civilian research projects undertaken by military agencies are excluded, and such expenditures should, to the extent possible, be included in the primary civilian objectives to which they relate.