The first thing you need to know is that you have to be able to write an essay about a historical figure.

Language teaching material: college entrance examination essay historical figures material - Han Xin

Han Xin (? After the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, Han Xin began to join Xiang Liang, followed by Xiang Yu, and then Liu Bang (see Liu Bang, Gaozu of the Han Dynasty). In the first year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, he was recommended by the Prime Minister Xiao He and became a general, assisting Liu Bang in formulating the strategy of returning the three Qin kingdoms to the world.

(1) Characterization

1. A butcher in Huaiyin insulted Han Xin by saying, "Although he is a big man, he is a coward with a sword". And he insulted him in public, saying, "If you can die, stab me; if you can't, get out of your crotch." Han Xin watched the other for a long time, slowly lowered himself and crawled out from under his crotch. The people on the street laughed at Han Xin, thinking him a coward.

2. Fateful and ill-fated At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Liang rose up against the Qin Dynasty and crossed the Huaihe River to the north. At this time, Han Xin defected to Xiang Liang with his sword, and stayed in the army, remaining in obscurity. After Xiang Liang's defeat and death, he returned to Xiang Yu, who asked him to be a groom. Han Xin repeatedly offered Xiang Yu his advice, but Xiang Yu refused to accept it.

3. Han Xin left the Chu army and joined Liu Bang as a small official to manage the warehouse, but he was still unknown. Later, when Han Xin was executed, the thirteen people in the same case were all executed, and it was about to be Han Xin's turn. Han Xin raised his eyes to the sun and said, "Doesn't he want to be executed in the whole world? Why do you want to behead a strong man?" Xiahou Ying thought that this man's words were extraordinary, and looking at his appearance, he talked with him and admired him, so he told the King of Han about him. The king of Han gave Han Xin an official position to manage grain and pay, and did not find him different.

4. Xiao He chased Han Xin under the moon Han Xin talked to Xiao He many times, and was appreciated by Xiao He, but he was never used by Liu Bang, so he took the moon and left. When Xiao He heard that Han Xin had left, he did not have time to report to Liu Bang before he mounted his horse and went after Han Xin. When he caught up with him, Xiao He asked him why he was leaving, and he said, "The King of Han doesn't trust me and doesn't use me, so there's no point for me to stay here, and I want to join someone else." Xiao He said, "Don't go yet, go back with me. If the king of Han doesn't make you a general this time, it's not too late for you to leave." Under Xiao He's repeated pleas, Han Xin reluctantly went back with Xiao He.

5. Han Xin's military maneuvers: more is better Once, during a casual conversation with Han Xin, Liu Bang, the first Han emperor, was discussing the military prowess of the generals in his court. At a later stage, Liu Bang asked Han Xin, "How many armies do you think I can command?" Han Xin said, "Your Majesty you can command at most 100,000 men." Liu Bang added, "Then how many troops can you lead?" Han Xin said, "The more troops I have, the better (the more the better)." It reflects Han Xin's self-confidence.

6. Liu Bang and Han Xin agreed on an auspicious day in August of the first year of the Yuan Dynasty to set out on an eastward expedition. At that time, the road had been burned and could not be used for marching. When Han Xin was asked how to advance, he proposed the strategy of "repairing the palisade in the open and crossing the Chencang in the dark", so he sent several hundred soldiers to pretend to build the palisade, but he himself led the three armies and quietly set off from Nanzheng to cross the Chencang.

7. In September of the third year of King Han's reign (204 B.C.), Han Xin and the allied forces of Qi and Chu confronted each other at Weishui. Han Xin secretly sent people to fill more than 10,000 sandbags overnight to block the upstream of the Weichui River, so that the downstream river became shallow. The next morning. When the allied forces of Qi and Chu had just reached the center of the river, Han Xin secretly ordered the Han troops ambushed in the upper reaches to pick open the sandbags, and the water cascading down cut the allied forces of Qi and Chu who were crossing the river into two, and countless soldiers were swept away by the water. Han Xin returned his troops and chased after them, wiping out the Qi and Chu allied forces that had already crossed the river in one fell swoop. The king of Qi fled, and You (the commander of the allied army of Qi and Chu) was killed in battle. The allied army of Qi and Chu who had not yet crossed the river on the east bank, seeing that their commander was dead, abandoned their armors and soldiers and fled in desperation. Thus, the Han army captured the whole territory of Qi in one fell swoop.

8. In December of the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu's reign (202 B.C.), the two armies of Chu and Han fought a decisive battle in the area under the river (south of Lingbi, Anhui Province). Liu Bang used Han Xin as the main general to unify the command of all armies. Xiang Yu commanded 100,000 Chu troops and attacked the Han positions from the front. Han Xin used the typical flanking attack method to make the Han army's center army retreat a little to avoid the sharpness of the Chu army, and unfolded the two flanks to carry out the flanking attack, and then made the center army to advance, completing the siege in one go. In the night, Han Xin made the Han army sing the song of Chu on all sides, so the Chu army lost their fighting spirit and was annihilated by the Han army at Gaixia in one go. Xiang Yu, seeing that the situation was over, killed himself by the Wujiang River. The Chu-Han War, which lasted for five years, ended with the victory of Liu Bang, the king of Han.

(2) Commentary of Famous Artists

(Tang) Liu Yuxi: "The general's skill in military affairs has made him a great man of the world, and he has made a good bow in the pale yellow room of the bell. The next generation of people who ascend to the altar will be afraid of making a success of themselves. If you know the beak of the same bird, the general should have the heart of the five lakes. （

(Sung) Zhang Lei: The first day of the altar topped the group, the bell room in a hurry to read Kuai Tong. I'm not sure who I'm going to be able to use to kill, but I'm sorry that I've been ashamed of Mr. Xiao. （

(Ming Dynasty) Yuan Sounghwan: A meal, you know the reward, the high winds of the popular ear. The first thing you need to know is how to pay back the favor, and the first thing you need to do is receive it. I'm not sure what I'm going to do, but I'm sure I'm going to be able to die. There are changes in the valleys, so let's not ask Chisongzi. The most important thing is to have a pure heart, and to be familiar with the back of it. If you listen to the words of Kuai Tong, you will be tired of your own reputation. Once I die, I will become the king's name, so I don't have to complain to Lu Pheasant. (The Temple of the Marquis of Huaiyin, Han)

(Qing Dynasty) Zhou Yongnian: The people in the city laughed, and the three armies were all shocked. The first thing I know is that I am a true warrior of the country, regardless of the feelings of the masses. The heroes of the war are the heroes of the war. How can I avoid minced meat and mincemeat and fish for my life? Hanging the Marquis of Huaiyin

(Qing Dynasty) Yuan Baoheng: In the eyes of the high emperor, there are only two males, and Huaiyin's fellow soldiers are with their pupils, the king of Xiang is dead and the generals are here, so can they be free of any suspicion until the end of the examination. I am still trying to repay you for the meal you have received, but I am willing to be a minister to the King of Han. (The Temple of the Marquis of Huaiyin)

(3) Use of Materials

Topic 1: Affinity and Perception of Things

Material Processing: The same thing will be evaluated differently by different people. In my memory, it seems that the word "capable of bending and stretching" was coined because of Han Xin. It seems that "Han Xin" represents our nation's most powerful explanation of the ability to bend and stretch: a man should be able to bend and stretch, and look at Han Xin, who was able to crawl through the crotch of a gangster and later became Liu Bang's general, and was even more powerful than Fan Ayi and Zhou Bo, who had been following the king of Han for many years and had been through hundreds of battles!

In fact, in the face of the power not to do any resistance but to take Han Xin's approach, kneeling down on both knees to crawl through the crotch of other people, can only be said to be a dignified person's shame, can not be counted as an honorable thing. Imagine if Han Xin had not achieved anything, but was just a small-time gangster who lived his life in a muddy way, would people not turn around and say, "That's a man who had no shame since he was young." However, we praise Han Xin's behavior of crawling over the crotch of a gangster as a great act, is it because Han Xin later became powerful? In life, there are often "tofu dregs" become "a flower" phenomenon, in the final analysis, it is the feelings of the trouble. （

Topic 2: Turning

Material processing: Han Xin is one of the greatest military geniuses ever in China, so Liu Bang said that he "transported millions of troops, the battle will be won, the attack will be taken." Just a few battles are classics: "openly repairing the Inn Road, secretly crossing the Chen Cang", "wooden baby crossing the army", "sound east strike the west", "fewer than many", "Chu Ge on all sides", "ambush on all sides" and so on. Unfortunately, he didn't know how to change himself when the form took a turn, and ended up as a tragic hero.

Han Xin's life is quite wonderful, in the world's chaotic fashion can be against the trend, can endure humiliation, can adhere to the ideal, and finally achieved great success: but when the world has been determined, but can not adjust their vigilance and diligence, insight into the changes in the current situation, and can not always cherish the painstaking entrepreneurship brought about by the invaluable friendships, a moment of oligophrenia and selfishness, will be the future of their own on the spot to give up. For capable heroes and heroes, and then the harsh environment is not enough to break him, but rather the times create heroes, heroes create the perfect opportunity for the times. But we must bear in mind: the day of peace is the most dangerous time for heroes, the peaceful world is the stage for "political figures" to be active, heroes should evaluate the situation, find their own value, and keep the way of advancement and retreat, and understand the truth that "you can get the world at once, but you can't rule the world at once", if Han Xin had realized that things had already taken a turn for the worse, and insisted on the "heroes have something to do, but not to do something", he wouldn't have been killed by the manpower, and he would have been able to at least compete with Liu Bang. If he had realized that things had taken a turn for the worse, he would not have been killed, or at least he would have been able to compete with Liu Bang, and history would have been rewritten. (Excerpts from the 2003 Beijing college entrance examination excellent essay, "The Twist"

Topic 3: Character and Destiny

Material Processing: The death of Han Xin is a sigh of relief, and the causes of the tragedy can be said to be no shortage of people. But the focus of people's arguments, or focus on the feudal rulers and their authoritarian system of blame, or on Han Xin rebel or not refute, failed to truly reveal the essence of its tragedy. The cruelty of the feudal rulers, led by Liu Bang, is only one aspect of the tragedy of Han Xin, and the most direct reason is attributed to the defects of Han Xin's own personality. Han Xin has both the kindness of repaying kindness, but also the narrow-mindedness of revenge; both the heroic talent of sweeping thousands of troops like a sweeping mat, but also the arrogance of success, profit makes wise the air of the city. The dichotomy between this heroic talent and marketplace spirit is a prominent feature of his personality, but also constitutes an important reason for the tragedy of his life. （

Topic 4: Personality

Material Processing: It is often said that the humiliation of Han Xin is the fault of the general's talent, and it is the fault of the general's ability to bear the humiliation, and it is the fault of the great talent that does not take care of the small faults, but I suspect that there is a fallacy in it.

Hansen was a teenager when he was humiliated in the crotch, and he did not know that in the future he would have the skill of Ziya and the talent of Guanzhong, and no one knows whether Hansen will succeed or not, so how can we say that he is a great talent who does not care about the small things?7 Therefore, Hansen was humiliated in the crotch and had nothing to do with his later career in the battlefield. It was only after the later generations realized the life of Han Xin that he was able to endure the humiliation to become a great talent.

The humiliation of Han Xin is actually a shameless act of Han Xin and a lack of moral integrity. Chinese culture attaches great importance to personality self-esteem, emphasize the backbone, "do not eat food handed out in contempt." Not for five buckets of rice, "early for the people of the country to advocate. Han Xin loss of personality, it is embodied in the crotch humiliation, even if later Han Xin achievement of generals fame, established a great feat, there are still a lot of people scolded him "shameless crotch man", why? Why? Isn't this related to the loss of his personality? Therefore, I read today's history sigh: the world misrepresented Han Xin by "crotch humiliation" is to tolerate small plans for the big, misleading for a long time! I do not advocate the world to learn this action of Han Xin, is to advocate the importance of personality. ("Comment on Han Xin" excerpt)

Topic 5: the foot has its shortcomings, and the inch has its length

Materials plus 1: Each person can not be perfect, and can not be useless. Although the foot is longer than the inch, but there is not long enough time: although the inch is shorter than the foot, but there is also the time to use the field." Gold is not sufficiently red, jade has a slight flaw", "fools have a thousand thoughts, there must be a gain" all illustrate this truth. There is an interesting account in the Records of the Grand Historian. One day Liu Bang and Han Xin were chatting, and Liu asked, "Who can do what with me?" Han Ri: "In terms of leading troops, the top is not as good as me, the letter will be more soldiers is good." Liu also asked: "Why is the Secretary for me to defend?" Han said, "My superior is a good general, but I am not as good as Xin." Han Xin's answer is really wonderful, both to maintain the face of the emperor's old man, but also said that each person has his own strengths of reason, no wonder Liu Bang listened to the triumph of "hehehe" straight smile. （

Topic 6: Interests

Materials processing: Han Xin and Zhong Li Mai "good", in order to change his position in the eyes of Liu Bang, even took the head of a friend to please Liu Bang, the friend of his trust sold out, sold out all of them. The head of Zhong Li Mai but did not for him to change peace, to the end, but also by the original most appreciated his Xiao He and Queen Lu **** with the conspiracy to murder, together with his nine clans, at that time as prime minister Xiao He, originally Han Xin's sponsor, I should say that the relationship with Han Xin is good, in order to protect his own, had to succumb to the Queen Lu's will, to induce the death of Han Xin. As a result, Xiao He was promoted from prime minister to minister of state and granted 5,000 cognacs for his achievement in killing Han Xin. Confucius said, "A gentleman is a man of righteousness, but a villain is a man of profit". Throughout the ages, has there ever been a man who has not been moved by righteousness in the face of profit? （

Topic 7: The way of employing people

Materials processing: The Lord of History has used his great pen to bring to life the history of Han Xin, the Marquis of Huaiyin, who has been a great hero in his life. In the historical battle between Chu and Han, the person who can reign supreme, spread out and decide who will die is not Marquis of Huaiyin, Han Xin. However, it is this great general, once upon a time ill-fated, through the ups and downs, almost for the tide of history drowned, swallowed. Not to mention that "when he was first a man of cloth, he was poor, and could not be chosen as a mandarin without a line of work: he could not rule over the merchants and traders": he suffered "the humiliation of his crotch, which was hated by many people": even at the time of the Chu incident and at the beginning of his return to the Han Dynasty, he was still unable to be transported to the Huagai. The Marquis of Huaiyin, Han Xin, who died in Chu and returned to Han, is not exactly a historical mirror? He himself also looked in the mirror, after being reused, he also reused the virtuous and wise, even if the person used was originally a demoted general. The king of Guangwu was one of them. When Han Xin asked him for advice, he said, "Thyme Xi lived in Yu and Yu died, and was in Qin and Qin dominated, he was not stupid in Yu but wise in Qin, he used or did not use them, and he listened or did not listen to them", which explains the crux and the true meaning of employing people. Therefore, to remove the death, return to the mystery of the two words on the head, it is not difficult to see, no matter the death, return to the person are tied to a "with" word, not "with" is dead, "with" is also returned. ("Han Xin died Chu returned to the Han discussion" excerpt)

(D) finished show

Trap (03 Henan volume)

He tightened his brow, back hand, step by step slowly walking, walked to the end, and then folded back, walked to the end, and then folded back. The incense burned slowly in front of the hall, the smoke lingering. Outside the hall, the messenger sent by Empress Lu stood with his hands down, waiting quietly.

Han Xin hesitated. The man who had been so decisive and cool-headed on the battlefield was hesitant. Empress Lu had invited him to a banquet to celebrate the king's victory. Vaguely, he felt a hint of danger, and with his years of experience in the battlefield, he sensed it. He understood the reasoning behind the death of a rabbit and the cooking of a dog, but he didn't expect this doom to come so early. So, King Han was already determined to get rid of him? Even though he had long been stripped of his kingly power and retained only the false name of a great general.

Sweat seeped from his palms, if he didn't go, how should he explain to Empress Lu? He looked up at the messenger, and happened to meet the messenger's gaze. The emissary did not avoid it, but spoke softly, "Prime Minister Xiao will also be present."

The words, which had been explained by Empress Lu beforehand, seemed to pierce through Han Xin's heart, and his eyes brightened up:

"Prime Minister Xiao!" Yes, Prime Minister Xiao was his dear friend and mentor. Han Xin looked at the lingering smoke and fell into deep thought-?

The men of Tongyi giggled and asked him to crawl over their crotches, and Han Xin slowly bent down.

Mother Drift brought him food every day, though she herself was so poor that she lived on laundry.

He slowly walked out of Liu Bang's tent and sighed at the bright moon, his heart filled with confusion and pain.

He walked aimlessly with the fleeing soldiers. Behind him, a horse's hooves sounded, and Xiao He's clear voice penetrated into his heart as did the cool moonlight: "Stay back, Han Xin!" After that, there was a drink under the moon, and a free flow of heartfelt conversation.

That night, he would laugh heartily, as pure as the full moon.

"Yes, Prime Minister Xiao is a confidant I have known for many years, and without him, I would not be where I am today." Han Xin's frown unfolded and he breathed heavily, regaining his usual vigor, "Let's go." The messenger revealed an imperceptible and secretive smile.

Han Xin jumped lightly onto the carriage that came to pick him up. The carriage rattled along, lifting the dust of the years, and headed for the Moyang Palace. That day, Han Xin did not come out of the Weiyang Palace, and he never did.