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A Chinese painting content

Chinese painting (also known as Chinese painting) is a unique painting in China. Due to the differences in national character, historical and cultural traditions, aesthetics and painting materials and tools, it is a painting with national characteristics formed through the efforts of countless painters and an important part of world art.

1 Chinese painting is one of the traditional plastic arts in China.

What are the tools of Chinese painting: pen, ink, paper and inkstone?

Chinese painting can be divided into figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, and can be divided into meticulous painting and freehand brushwork in the form of expression.

Chinese painting pays attention to the beauty of form, and requires works to have artistic effects of "both form and spirit" and "vivid charm". At the same time, it also attaches great importance to the use of pen and ink. Composition is not limited by time and space, nor by focus perspective. The use of blank screen is unique. Chinese painting emphasizes the perfect overall artistic effect of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing.

5 ink is divided into five colors: coke, thick, heavy, light and clear.

There are five colors of ink in Chinese painting, namely, Jiao Mo, thick ink, heavy ink, light ink and clear ink.

In terms of the amount of pen water, there are dry and wet points, which can be summarized as: dry, wet, thick and light.

There are three methods about ink: dipping ink, splashing ink and accumulating ink.

Chinese painting utensils: raw rice paper, brush, backing paper, washing pen, palette, painting ink, Chinese painting or watercolor pigment.

7 Chinese painting brushwork: middle, side, reverse and positive.

Three major arts and crafts

1 Arts and crafts are appreciated and evaluated from five aspects: beauty of modeling, beauty of materials, beauty of color, beauty of decoration and beauty of craftsmanship.

2 How to appreciate arts and crafts works?

A: First, the beauty of modeling: refers to the proper use of the law of beauty, symmetrical structure and proportion, beautiful appearance and outline, reflecting the spirit of the times. Second, the beauty of material: refers to the aesthetic feeling of material texture produced through ingenious design and processing. For example: ivory carving, gold and silver products, jade articles, etc. , the beauty of its own materials. Third, color beauty: refers to the aesthetic feeling of the color of the material itself and the additional color. Such as: gold, silver, wood and other products themselves have beautiful colors. Fabric dyeing and colored glass crafts have the beauty of color formed by processing. Fourth, decorative beauty: refers to the decorative beauty of patterns in arts and crafts such as sculpture and painting. 5. Craft beauty: refers to the aesthetic feeling given by exquisite craftsmanship or special style.

"Picking the red peony pattern to cover the bowl" was a popular Qi Diao craft in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The manufacturing method is to carve the required pattern on the lacquer tire. Because the paint tires are mostly red paint, it is also called "picking red". Carved lacquer crafts in the early Ming Dynasty are simple and elegant. After the middle period, the knife method became faster and faster, and the ornamentation became more and more complicated. The production of the Royal Lacquer Workshop was a masterpiece in the early Ming Dynasty.

The bronze galloping horse is a bronze art treasure of the Eastern Han Dynasty unearthed in 1909. Strong posture, hissing head, three feet leaping, one foot stepping on a bird's prancing horse imaginary artistic conception, highlighting the extraordinary speed and galloping momentum of the horse.

5 "Mid-mountain Weng" Mid-mountain painted pottery is a type of Majiayao culture, named after the discovery of/kloc-0 in Gansu Province and Zhengbanshan in 923. The shape is steady and generous, the belly pattern is rigorous and regular, and the black sawtooth pattern is the edge, which is the outstanding feature of the painted pottery in the Mid-levels.

6 "Tiger-bird-shaped skeleton" This is a drum frame unearthed from tombs during the Warring States Period. Using painting, carving and painting techniques, it is a very practical and beautiful practical musical instrument.

7 "Huang Huali Mosaic Nanmu Throne" Ming-style furniture is simple in modeling, tall and elegant in materials, giving full play to the beauty of materials and exquisite in craftsmanship.

8 "Tang Sancai Bao Hua Pan" Tang Sancai, the abbreviation of Tang Sancai ceramics. Low temperature glazed pottery. When fired in a kiln, various colors permeate each other, forming mottled and gorgeous and unique colored glasses. Decoration is an auspicious pattern in the Sui and Tang Dynasties-Baohua is a kind of treasure fairy meaning, very gorgeous and rich.

Pastel is a kind of glazed porcelain, which is characterized in that in some parts of the painted surface,

Based on white glass powder, it is rendered by boneless method in China traditional painting, highlighting the three-dimensional sense of yin and yang, and the colors used are mostly elegant and soft. The treasures of Qianlong period are gorgeous and luxurious in color, exquisite in shape, hollow in abdomen and rotatable in heart, which embodies the superb technological level of ancient porcelain industry.

Bamboo handicrafts. Production technology: firstly, bamboo is carved into strips with uniform thickness, and then it is woven into various exquisite daily necessities through cutting, tattooing, polishing, chopping and other processes. The bamboo basket in the teaching material is a fine bamboo weaving process in the Qing Dynasty, with round shape, exquisite weaving, simple and elegant color and practical and ornamental value.

Stamp 10: It is a proof that people show negative postage when sending mail. Category 1 Special Stamps 2 commemorative stamps

Stamps are printed with the face value of nationality and year of issue. The practical price is 1, and the collection value is 2 stamps. Philatelic activities began in Europe in the 1960s in 19.

1 1 Compilation: It is a simple method to make various practical articles and works of art with strips through techniques such as threading, inserting, folding and splicing.

Four-color knowledge

1 three primary colors: red, yellow and blue; Three colors: orange, green and purple.

The three elements of color: purity, lightness and hue, are also called basic attributes.

The tendency of color from warm to cold is called: color; The warmth and coldness of color refers to people's perception of color through vision, which is the result of long-term experience.

Name three warm colors: red, orange and yellow; Three cool colors: blue, green and purple.

Solid color is a simple unadjusted color, such as red, yellow and blue.

6 Gray: After many times of color mixing, a variety of solid colors will bring out gray, and gray is also a composite color produced by mixing multiple colors. The more contrasting colors, the easier it is to set off gray. There is no black-and-white distinction between spring and gray, and there is no neutral color with different colors and looks. Any solid color with white and black pockets will turn gray.

Solid colors and gray The so-called solid colors are relatively simple colors without blending, such as red, yellow, blue and green. Gray is also a composite color which is a mixture of various colors. Black and white are neutral colors, there is no difference between solid color and gray, and there is no difference in appearance.

7 Cool color and warm color: orange is regarded as the warmest color in the color circle, which is called warm color primary color, while the opposite blue color is called cold color primary color, and the part near cold color is called cold color zone, and the part near warm color is warm color zone. And it gradually weakens and even develops in the opposite direction from the polar color to the left and right. Pictures with red, yellow and orange as the main colors are warm colors, while pictures with blue, green and purple as the main colors are cold colors.

Cool colors: calm, refreshing, far-reaching, backward.

Warm colors: warm colors, warm colors, bright eyes, and progress.

The three primary colors of red, yellow and blue are the basis of color. Same color configuration: it is a color relationship composed of the same color and different shades.

Similar color configuration is the color relationship between the primary color and the intermediate color containing the primary color component.

Bright color and dark color: white things get together and look bright and clear, while black things get together and look young and dark.

Color configuration Same color configuration: It is a color relationship composed of the same color and different shades. Similar color configuration is a color relationship formed by a primary color containing intermediate colors of this primary color component. Contrast color configuration: refers to the configuration between colors that do not contain the same color components, and the intermediate color formed by adding one primary color and two other primary colors becomes the contrast color.

Four modes

The main characteristics of the model

The aesthetic feeling of order is that it is neatly arranged and decorative.

Five sculptures

Appreciating foreign sculptures can guide students from three aspects:

1 the theme of the sculpture.

Art originates from life, and life is also the source of creation. An excellent sculpture should reflect the truth, goodness and beauty in life. In addition, sculpture creation, like other arts, should be higher than life, closely follow the pulse of the times in subject matter and carry forward the melody of the times, so that works can be loved and recognized by the people and have a positive impact on society.

The beauty of language and form of sculpture.

Sculpture art has its own unique artistic language. First of all, it has a sense of volume in three-dimensional space, which is different from plane painting. It occupies the space with the existing volume, and expresses the artistic theme through three-dimensional images. Secondly, the artistic image of sculpture is concise. The characteristic of sculpture is to condense rich connotations into concrete images. In the treatment of sculpture, we should make full use of the laws of formal beauty such as symmetry, balance, rhythm and decoration to achieve the perfect unity of content and form.

The material of this sculpture is very beautiful.

Materials serve the aesthetic feeling of their own materials. For example, historical works should use stone or cast copper, and modern modeling works should use stainless steel.

art

Usually refers to painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, architectural art and so on, which are carried out in space and express and appeal to human vision. When this name was first used in Europe in the 17th century, it generally referred to painting, sculpture, literature, music and other things with aesthetic significance. When I began to use this word widely around the May 4th Movement, it also had the meaning equivalent to the whole art. For example, when Lu Xun explained the word "art" in 19 13, he wrote: "Art is a word ... translated from English love. People who love clouds originally came from Greece, and their friendship is art. Soon after, China translated "love" with the word "art", and the word "art" became the name specifically referring to visual arts such as painting.

Modeling expression means

Skills and means of creating artistic images in plastic arts. Such as painting with the help of color, light and shade, lines, anatomy and perspective; Sculpture depends on volume and structure. These techniques and means, through long-term artistic practice, have formed the unique and special artistic language of these plastic arts, which determines the different expression rules of these arts and is related to the success or failure of the plastic arts image and the appeal of artistic works. The artist's constant exploration and improvement of the regularity of modeling expression means is a necessary condition for artistic creation to express new life content and meet people's developing aesthetic hobbies.

golden section

Also known as Huang Jinlv, the golden ratio. On a line segment, the line segment is divided into long segments and short segments according to the optimal length-width ratio, or the optimal ratio of long sides to short sides of a rectangle is formed according to the optimal length-width ratio, that is, the golden section.

two-dimensional space

Painting terminology. Refers to the plane space composed of length (left and right) and height (up and down). In painting, in order to truly reproduce the image, we often use perspective, shading and other modeling methods to create the profound feeling and three-dimensional effect of the image on the plane of the second space, that is, to create the illusion of the three-dimensional space of natural objects with the second space. Some paintings, such as decorative paintings and pattern paintings, do not require strong depth effect, but deliberately pursue the plane meaning of the second space in order to obtain artistic expression.

three-dimensional space

Painting terminology. Refers to the three-dimensional space composed of length (left and right), height (up and down) and depth (depth). In painting, in order to truly reproduce the image, it is necessary to show the three-dimensional sense and depth on the plane.

sense of reality

Painting, sculpture and other plastic arts show the characteristics of various objects in their works through different expression techniques, such as the light and heavy, soft and hard, rough and smooth characteristics of silk, leather, water and stone, which gives people a sense of reality and beauty.

Sense of quantity

With the help of light and shade, color, lines and other modeling factors, express the feelings about the weight, thickness, size and quantity of objects. Such as the solemnity of rocks and the lightness of wind and smoke. All realistic objects in painting are required to convey their unique weight and realism. Using the comparative relationship of quantity, we can produce diverse and unified effects.

sense of space

In painting, according to the principles of geometric perspective and air perspective, the relationship between objects such as distance, level and interpenetration is described, thus conveying a profound sense of three-dimensional space in plane painting.

Sense of volume

Painting terminology. Refers to the visual objects displayed on the painting plane can give people a three-dimensional sense of occupying three-dimensional space. In painting, any visible object is determined by the structure of the object itself, which is composed of blocks in different directions and angles. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the structural characteristics of the object to be painted and analyze its proper relationship in painting in order to achieve a sense of volume.

Theoretical terms of perspective painting. The word "perspective" comes from the Latin word "perspclre". At first, perspective is to look at the scenery through a transparent plane, and accurately draw the scenery on this plane, that is, to form a perspective view of the scenery. Later, according to certain principles, the science of expressing the spatial position, outline and projection of an object with lines is called perspective.

chiaroscuro

Painting terminology. Refers to the brightness change of light, backlight and reflective parts of objects in painting and the expression method of this change. An object has three bright and dark states under illumination, which are called three major surfaces, namely, bright surface, middle surface and dark surface. The light and color of the three major surfaces are generally dark in the middle. The light and shade of the three major surfaces are generally manifested in five basic levels, namely, five tones: ① the bright surface is always illuminated; (2) Gray surface-middle surface, half bright and half dark; (3) the dividing line between the bright part and the dark part; (4) a backlight part on the dark side; ⑤ Reflect the dark and bright parts of a single surface affected by ambient reflection. It has always been the basic method of square painting to describe objects according to the level of light and shade. During the Renaissance, vasari once said in "Biography of Artists": "When painting, after drawing the outline, use shadows to roughly distinguish the light and shade, and then carefully display the light and shade in a single room, so does the bright part." Rembrandt is a master of shadow techniques among European painters. summary

Terms of plastic arts. Refers to the edge line that defines the range of performance objects. In painting and sculpture, whether the outline is correct is regarded as the key to the success or failure of the work.

composition

Terms of plastic arts. Refers to the structural configuration method of artistic images in works. It is an important means for plastic arts to express the ideological content of works and gain artistic appeal. colour

One of the important factors of painting. It is a complex phenomenon that various objects absorb and reflect light to varying degrees and act on people's audience. Due to the different textures of objects, the absorption and reflection of various colors of light are different, so everything in the world has formed ever-changing colors.

colour

The qualitative appearance that a color can present. Different colors in nature are infinitely rich, such as purplish red, silver gray and orange yellow.

chrominance

Refers to the inherent lightness of the color itself. For example, among the seven basic colors, purple is the darkest and yellow is the brightest.

colour

Also known as tunes. Under the irradiation of light source color with certain hue and lightness, the surface of the object is shrouded in a unified color tendency and color atmosphere, which is hue.

chroma

Colors have no attributes. Colors are basically divided into warm colors (also called hot colors) and cool colors (also called cool colors). Red, orange and yellow are warm colors, giving people a warm, warm and outgoing feeling; Green, cyan, blue and purple are cool colors, giving people a cold, quiet and shrinking feeling.

brush stroke

Refers to the traces left by the brush when it touches the picture in the process of painting. Although brushwork is a technical factor, it also conveys the artist's artistic personality and accomplishment, so it is also an integral part of the artist's artistic style.

China traditional painting

Chinese painting for short. It refers to China's traditional Chinese painting, which has been formed and developed in China for a long time and has its own unique system in the world art field. It uses brush, ink and Chinese painting pigments to draw on special rice paper or silk. According to the subject matter, it can be divided into figures, landscapes, flowers and bamboos, birds and animals, insects and fish, palaces and other painting materials. According to the means and techniques of expression, it can be divided into meticulous painting, freehand brushwork, hook, boneless painting, color setting and ink painting. According to the layout style, it can be divided into vertical axis, horizontal volume, album page, sector and other styles. Chinese painting attaches great importance to pen and ink, using lines, ink colors and light and heavy colors to express the physical structure of objective objects through cross-dyeing, dry and wet shading, and yin and yang back; And use the combination of virtual reality and density and "blank space" to achieve ingenious composition effect. The spatial processing of traditional Chinese painting is also relatively free and flexible, that is, you can draw mountains and rivers by "seeing the big and seeing the small"; You can also use the method of "seeing the mountains from horseback" to draw the Wan Li of the Yangtze River. Chinese painting is characterized by "both form and spirit" and "vivid charm", which advocates both "learning from foreign teachers" and "winning the heart in China". Chinese painting also inscribed poems and seals on the screen, integrating poetry, calligraphy and seals.

Western painting

Refers to the western painting, which is different from the traditional painting system in China. Including oil painting, watercolor, gouache, printmaking, pencil drawing, pencil drawing and other paintings. Western traditional painting pays attention to realism, expresses the volume, texture and sense of space of objects by perspective and light and shade, and requires the color effect of objects under a certain light source.

oil painting

A painting made on linen, cardboard or wood by mixing pigments and oiliness agents (linseed oil, poppy seed oil, walnut oil, etc.). Diluents used in painting are turpentine and dried linseed oil. The pigment attached to the picture has strong hardness and can keep luster for a long time after the picture is dried. Oil painting is the main type of western painting. carve

A kind of "plastic arts". It is the general name of three methods: sculpture and sculpture. With all kinds of plastic mud or carved wood, stone and other materials, you can make all kinds of images with real substance. Sculptures are generally divided into circular sculptures and relief sculptures. Due to different purposes, it is divided into shelf sculpture, memorial sculpture, decorative sculpture, architectural sculpture and so on.

craft

One of the fine arts. Refers to the production of handicrafts with certain artistic significance, which not only meets the needs of people's material life, but also meets the needs of people's spiritual life. It is the combination of practicality and aesthetics, and the unity of technology and art. Arts and crafts are divided into two categories: ① daily handicrafts. (2) Display technology. calligraphy

(1) a traditional art in China. ② Chinese character writing method. According to the modeling rules of Chinese characters, China's calligraphy uses stippling to form various forms to express ideas. Regular script, cursive script, running script, official script and seal script (big seal script, small seal script) have all kinds of characters. The basic factor of calligraphy beauty is stippling, followed by stippling. Therefore, it is very important to use a pen in calligraphy. We should master and use the contradictory relations such as lifting, hiding, turning, heaviness, urgency and Fiona Fang, and pay attention to avoiding frivolous fingers. On the whole, the beauty of calligraphy lies in the momentum, rhythm and rhythm between the lines and the artistic conception conveyed. All kinds of books pay attention to the horizontal and vertical arrangement of the structure, expecting to echo; Proper layout and clear organization.

sketch

A form of painting in which objects are mainly represented by monochrome lines and blocks. It is usually used as a means to exercise the basic skills of painting to train the ability to observe and express the shape, structure, light and shade, texture, sense of quantity and space of objective objects. Sketch can also be used as an independent art form for creation. For example, the painter Wang Shikuo's Blood Clothes is an example.

Opaque watercolor painting

A painting made by mixing powdered pigments with water. Gouache is generally opaque in color and has strong hiding ability, so it can be portrayed deeply and carefully. Used properly, it can have both artistic effects of oil painting and watercolor painting.

wall painting

A picture painted on the wall or ceiling of a building. Divided into rough bottom murals, painted murals and pasted murals. Mural painting is one of the oldest forms of painting. Egypt, India and Babylon have preserved many ancient murals. During the Italian Renaissance, mural creation flourished, resulting in many famous works. In China, since the Zhou Dynasty, there has been a mural system in palaces and even tombs. With the prosperity of religious belief, it has been widely used in temples and grottoes (such as Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Ruicheng Yongle Palace), and a large number of famous Buddhist murals and Taoist murals have been preserved so far. )

Comics; comedian

A kind of painting, also known as cartoon. The word "high-speed painting" comes from Italian Caricare, which means exaggeration. Later, it evolved into the word "cartoon", which refers to a picture with ironic and funny meaning. Through exaggeration, distortion, hypothesis, metaphor, symbol and other means, satirize, criticize (or praise) people and things in real life with humorous and humorous artistic effects.

paint from nature

Traditional terms of Chinese painting. Paintings depicting flowers, trees, birds, animals and other creatures are called sketches. Such as the sketch of rare birds in the Five Dynasties. In the modern common painting language, any description that directly takes the real object and the real scene as the object is collectively called sketch.

sketch

With quick and accurate observation, with concise lines, a painting method simply depicts the characteristics of objects such as expressions, shapes and movements. It is an important painting method to cultivate the painter's keen observation and quickly grasp the generalization of object characteristics, and it is also an important means to record life and accumulate creative materials.