Ancient China had appeared in the sects have those?

Shaolin Sect to Tianshan Sect, Kongdong Sect, *** about 30 sects, see link

But the following are also quite interesting

Chinese martial arts schools

Plum Blossom Stake

Shaolin Sect

Wudang Sect

XinYin Fist

Henan Sect Xingyiquan <

Henan Xingyiquan

Shanghai Xingyiquan

Shanxi Dai's Xingyiquan

Shape Idea Boxing

Song's Shape Idea Boxing

Shang's Shape Idea Boxing

Che's Shape Idea Boxing

Taiji Chuan

Chen's Taijiquan

Yang's Taijiquan

Wu's Taijiquan

Wu's Taijiquan

Sun's Taijiquan

Ho's Taijiquan

Gossip Taijiquan

Ku Lei Taijiquan

Bagua Palm

Cheng's Baguazhang

Yin's Baguazhang

Wing Chun

Hung Men Fist

He Flying Crane Fist

Flying Crane Fist

Eating Crane Fist

Sleeping Crane Fist

Ming Crane Fist

White Crane Fist

Zong Crane Fist

Ideal Fist

Splitting Fist

Tongbei Fist

Wuxing Tombo Fist

Qijia Tombo Fist

Baji Quan

Yanqing Fist ( Lost Track Fist)

Mantis Fist

Lu's Structure

Transferring Qi Mind Method

Li Xiankang's Martial Arts Studies

Track Boxing Studies

Modern Martial Arts

Interceptor Boxing

Tan Kung Fu

Shuan Hands (Spreading Fist)

Chinese Wushu is a vast system of martial arts, which has been also known as Kung Fu and Wukong, and is regarded by modern Chinese as a national art, martial art, and national treasure. It encompasses a large number of different styles of fighting, technical combat techniques, and weapon use techniques.

Chinese Wushu is an excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and it is a subsystem of the huge system of traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, it embodies the Chinese people's understanding of attack and defense techniques and experience accumulation, as well as self-reliance, self-defense, self-operation of strengthening the body, physical fitness, but also shows the Chinese people's aesthetic interest, ideological smelting and other characteristics of national culture. As a result, like all other martial arts, Chinese Wushu is often characterized by humanistic and philosophical meanings, which have a profound influence on the popular culture of present-day China.

History

Chinese Wushu is a large theoretical and practical system of traditional Chinese culture that combines technical combat and fitness.

The monks in the mural paintings of the Shaolin Temple's Thousand Buddha Hall are generally estimated to have originated in primitive society. At that time, human beings used sticks and other tools to fight with wild animals, and gradually accumulated some experience in offense and defense. And the Shang Dynasty produced field hunts are more regarded as an important means of martial arts training.

During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, martial arts were a form of dance. It was often used to train soldiers and inspire morale. The Zhou Dynasty set up "preface", "preface" and other schools also put the shooting and defense, practice dance dry as one of the educational content. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, the vassal states attached great importance to the use of fighting techniques on the battlefield. Duke Huan of Qi held the "Horn Trial" in spring and fall to select the world's heroes. During this period, the manufacture of swords and the art of kendo were developed unprecedentedly. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, jousting and fencing were prevalent, and there was the custom of dancing at banquets. In the Hongmen Banquet, Xiang Zhuang danced with the sword. Its form is closer to today's martial arts routines. During the Han Dynasty, the application of the gun reached its peak, and a variety of gun techniques began to appear. According to legend, Hua Tuo created the "Five Animal Play", which is the origin of Chinese martial arts.

Many recognitions suggest that martial arts originated from the need to fight, but the book Chinese Martial Arts - History and Culture suggests that although martial arts partly came from military needs, most of them still came from private fights among the people. The requirements of martial arts for military use and those of civilian martial arts are different.

The Tang Dynasty practiced martial arts. And the use of exams to award certain titles, which greatly contributed to the development of martial arts. At this time martial arts had become a cultural form and produced schools. It was also during this period that Chinese martial arts began to influence Southeast Asian countries.

The Song and Yuan Dynasties were the climax of the development of martial arts. The main folk martial arts organization of the folk associations flourished, and there were the "Yingliu Society" which practiced spear and stick, and the "Bow and Arrow Society" which practiced bow and archery, etc. There was also the emergence of the wanderer, the martial artist who practiced the martial arts of the world. There were also the "Luqi people" who made a living by practicing and selling martial arts. There are forms of single training and sparring.

The Ming and Qing Dynasties saw a great development of martial arts. The Ming Dynasty formed a number of distinctive schools, many books on martial arts have been published; the Qing Dynasty official ban on the practice of martial arts, folk through the "Society", "Museum" and other forms of secret teaching martial arts. Produced taijiquan, Xingyiquan, baguazhang and other schools up to dozens of more. Qing Dynasty is the era of martial arts integration, wrestling techniques into the martial arts. So that the martial arts skills have been perfected, but also the watershed of martial arts, ornamental routines and combat techniques formally separated.

In 1927, the Central Wushu Museum was established in Nanjing, and in August 1936, the Chinese Wushu team went to the Berlin Olympics to perform. 1956, the Chinese Wushu Association established the Wushu Association and the Wushu Team, etc. In 1985, the first International Wushu Invitational Tournament was held in Xi'an, and the Preparatory Committee of the International Wushu Federation was set up. 1987, the first Asian Wushu Championships were held in Yokohama, and in 1990, Wushu was included in the list of the first Asian Wushu Championships. In 1990, Wushu was included in the 11th Asian Games for the first time, and in 1999, the IWUF was absorbed into the IOC as a member of the official International Sports Federations, which was a symbol of China's Wushu to the world.

Disciplines and Classification of Wushu

The number of disciplines of Chinese Wushu is also very rare in the world of Wushu. According to statistics, there are currently about 300 styles in China that have a "clear history, an organized lineage, a unique style and a self-contained system". In Guo Xifen's History of Chinese Sports, it is mentioned that the many schools are due to the differences in geography, climate and people between the north and the south. People in the north are tall and the climate in the north is cold, which causes the northern style of boxing to be strong and powerful, and to be open and closed. In the south, there is a lot of water, and the people in the south are short, so the boxing is also more delicate. Proverbs also have "south fist north leg" said. Of course, this is not absolute, for example, originating from the north of the Bagua Palm is rarely attacked with the legs, while the south of the Wing Chun boxing has a lot of leg striking skills.

There are many schools of martial arts in China, but there is no uniform naming system. Some of them are named according to the region (such as the Henan School of Xingyiquan); some are named according to mountain ranges and rivers (such as the Wudang School); and some are named according to the last name of the patriarch (such as the Yang's Taijiquan). ...... In the past, these schools would be roughly divided into two categories, internal and external, according to the major internal and external skills; in the modern era, they are generally divided into two categories, namely, routines and combat fighting according to their contents. categories.

Practicing martial arts

Bagua palm, by Sun Lutang "Bagua boxing" illustration of the study of Chinese martial arts, currently in the martial arts museum or some martial arts teaching places openly recruit apprentices. While the traditional martial arts of learning from a master is currently in the folk but still maintains many of the ancient traditions, need to be recommended, and then pass the post to perform the ritual of master worship. Although it is rare for a master to look at his pupil for three years and the pupil to look at the master for three years as in the past, there is still a long period of observation for the master to understand whether the pupil is teachable or not, and for the pupil to understand whether the master's kung fu is learnable or not.

The practice of Chinese martial arts varies from school to school. By and large, they all include basic skills, routines, internal and external skills. Especially the internal and external skills are regarded as the most important contents by each school, there is a saying that "practicing a breath inside, practicing the muscles and bones outside", and refused to show it to others easily, even if their own disciples are not seen to teach them.

In terms of internal martial arts, the main theoretical basis of Chinese medicine is the meridian theory of Chinese medicine. According to Chinese medicine, "the meridians for the surface of the internal organs, internal organs for the meridians of the "cultivation of meridians, the internal organs will produce conditioning, consolidation, enhancement of the role. Chinese martial arts of internal strength is mainly practiced in the internal qi, and the meridians is the channel of internal qi, internal qi in the meridians according to a certain way to run, will be on the meridians themselves, the corresponding organs and the body as a whole to produce conditioning, consolidation, enhancement of the role.

As far as external energy is concerned, the practice of many external energies is aided by medicines. The effects of the drugs are mainly divided into several aspects, such as assisting in practicing, healing, toning and strengthening the corresponding parts and organs of the body, etc. The effects of the drugs usually include both of these. The effects of drugs usually include many of these aspects at the same time.

The basic skills of Chinese martial arts are similar in all schools. There are generally stances, such as the horse stance; various methods of exercising limb flexibility (similar to those used in other modern sports); and the practice of some basic stances and basic routines. This is for the traditional martial arts, for the current sets of martial arts, with a certain level of athletes, directly to the set of movements, the traditional martial arts of the basic skills do not pay much attention.

The basic skills of Chinese wushu are "hand, eye, body, law, step, spirit and power". There are fist hooks and "four strikes, eight methods and twelve types".

Internal energy

It is the use of breathing, exhalation, and luck, along with body movements, to enhance the effects of attack and defense.

Because Chinese folk thought has been y influenced by Taoism. In Taoism, it is said that the big universe (the world) and the small universe (the body) can communicate with each other, so there is the so-called qigong or inner strength practice. Against this background, some of the Chinese martial arts styles have also been described as "cultivating qi", "practicing qi" and "luck". In the beginning, internal energy was not a part of Chinese martial arts. After a long period of development, it was gradually combined with qigong.

The understanding of "qi" varies from school to school, but it is generally derived from the imagination of the external atmosphere, similar to the qi in Chinese medicine theory, but different from the air or other gases in modern science. Internal qi is also known as "true qi" or "qi", and the practice of internal qi is broadly divided into two categories: dynamic and static qi, with the former using a certain set of movements in conjunction with breathing and intention to achieve the enhancement and promotion of internal qi, as is widely practiced in taijiquan; the latter relying mainly on breathing and intention to achieve the same purpose. It is more difficult to practice than the former. The latter is more difficult to practice than the former, and due to the depth of the meditation, it is easy to be disturbed by the outside world and become deviated (the so-called "going off the deep end").

Effects of internal qigong practice: Most ordinary people use qigong practice as a way to strengthen their bodies. If practiced correctly over a long period of time, it can make the spirit strong, the whole body highly comfortable, and can strengthen the body. If practiced over a long period of time as a basic skill in martial arts, it can greatly increase the explosive power of muscles and enhance physical strength. Some of the major schools have kung fu that emits internal qi.

There are legends about the use of internal kung fu to strike an opponent at close range without contact (e.g., the sunny hand in Shaolin Kung Fu). However, it is generally believed that this type of kung fu requires long and hard practice, and because the various schools have traditionally been reluctant to publicize their methods, this effect of internal kung fu has not yet been publicly demonstrated. An even more important reason why the effects of internal kung fu have not been publicly proven is that there have never been any demonstrable instances of such kung fu being used in actual combat to inflict actual damage (e.g., the Sunny Hands of Shaolin Kung Fu).

Outside Kung Fu

The main purpose is to strengthen the body's tendons, bones, and muscles in order to enhance the power of attacking and defending movements.

The way of practicing is similar to other types of techniques in that it involves repeatedly striking a target of a certain hardness or taking repeated blows. However, in Chinese martial arts, traditional Chinese medicines also play a very important role in the practice of external energy, mainly in assisting in the practice of the exercises, healing injuries, toning, and strengthening the corresponding parts and organs of the body, among other aspects.

Effects of external energy practice: The purpose of external energy practice is to increase one's ability to resist blows and to increase the power of offense. Since the significance of martial arts as a technical combat has long since largely disappeared, only a very small number of people are practicing external martial arts. Public performances and training by the armed police include hitting the head with a brick, which breaks without damage to the head, and so on. Earlier public performances of qigong include, for example, the Boxer Rebellion's performance of the invulnerability of swords and spears.

Sets

One of the more notable features of Chinese martial arts is that there are many sets. A routine is a combination of movements that contain technical, offensive and defensive meanings. Each school has many routines that express the characteristics of its own school, and the routines are mostly progressive, and beginners and people who have practiced for a long time learn different routines. Currently, although martial arts athletes learn many different styles very quickly at the same time, most of them do not have a clear understanding of their technical, offensive and defensive meanings.

In traditional wushu, the initial practice of a routine is done separately, one move at a time, so that the learner can realize the meaning of luck and power, attack and defense. This practice is repeated over and over again so that the learner can reflexively utilize the appropriate moves in actual combat, and also to carefully experience the effects of the moves. For example, Guo Yunshen, a master of Xingyiquan, who is known as "Half-step Baofen to fight the world," always uses a single Baofen move against his opponents, and technically it is only half a move, but it is enough to defeat his opponents. The fact that Guo Yunshen's one move is better than ten thousand is enough to show that, except for Xingyiquan's Baofen move, the so-called routines in other martial arts are of no practical use.

Equipment

See Eighteen Weapons

The main sources of martial arts equipment are the weapons of the Cold War era, such as swords, knives, guns, and sticks. In ancient China, the sword was for a time the predominant short weapon on the battlefield, before giving way to the knife. And martial artists used the sword and knife as the most widely studied instruments.

Other martial arts instruments include weapons for non-combat use, such as moth-eye spikes and nunchaku, or some utensils used in daily life, such as embroidery needles, stone grinders, iron pots, sickles, umbrellas, and so on.

Chinese martial arts have always given a mysterious color. This is of course influenced by the propaganda of martial arts novels and kung fu movies. But the Chinese martial arts themselves, due to the influence of the traditional patriarchal system (see Cheng Dali's "Chinese Martial Arts - History and Culture"), are mostly taught in secret, and the key points are not even in writing, but are only passed on by word of mouth between masters and disciples. Therefore, it is basically impossible to learn martial arts according to books. And because of this, many styles of martial arts have gradually become extinct, slowly becoming anecdotes or topics of conversation. However, as with all things, although many styles of martial arts are becoming extinct, many more are being developed and created by martial arts geniuses, so the outside world's fear of the loss of martial arts is undoubtedly an unfounded one.

Technical function

The performance of Chinese martial arts in technical combat is very different from that of other regional martial arts. Chinese martial arts are a kind of competition of different equal conditions, so Chinese martial arts have produced such as empty hand into the white blade of empty hand with a weapon opponent fighting; the ground trip fist used when falling to the ground, as well as take advantage of the people when the use of hidden weapons and so on. Even the Monkeyish Fist method of grasping the earth and raising the face was absorbed.

The actual combat of Chinese martial arts has been exaggerated in literature and movies. The fights between martial artists are often in the form of push-hands, which is a point-to-point combat. The real fighting is not a half-day fight with fists and legs as many people understand it, but mostly just a few rounds to decide the winner.

The question of how far Chinese martial arts can be practiced is a difficult one to answer. Or a very controversial question. According to some accounts, the highest level can be reached when "not a single feather can be added, not a single fly can fall", that is to say, when a feather touches his body, it can be naturally flicked out by him. However, since Yang Lu Chan and Wang Xiang Zhai, no one has been able to reach this level. Therefore, some people believe that this is only an exaggeration of the recorders.

Humanities

Chinese martial arts are one of the most important collective memories of Chinese society, appearing frequently in literature, movies and plays, and have a profound and irreplaceable humanistic significance for Chinese society. In addition, due to globalization, Chinese martial arts are often seen in European and American movies and TV programs, and are regarded by European and American society as an important footnote of Chinese culture.

The spirit of Chinese martial arts: martial virtues

Whenever modern Chinese people talk about Chinese martial arts, they tend to attach great importance to its philosophical spirit. Most people who love the Chinese martial arts emphasize the "ethics and values of using the martial arts," or martial virtues.

Some people often cite the phrase "stop fighting for martial arts" to explain the humanistic spirit of the Chinese martial arts. According to Zuo Zhuan (左传-宣公二年), "夫文, 止戈为武," the Chinese character "wu" is composed of the characters "stop" and "gao," which means that the true value of "wu" is not to kill and destroy, but rather, to bring about peace later on, and so on. Although there are other explanations for the origin of the character "武", for example, some people believe that "止" means "stop" and "趾" means "hand", and that the original meaning of the character "武" is to use "趾" to pick up "戈" and fight. However, many people like to think that "stopping the gao is martial arts" is part of the explanation of the spirit of Chinese martial arts.

Martial artists, novelists and movies often emphasize the value of Chinese martial arts: "Kung fu is not for fighting, but for strengthening the body. And when martial artists spar, they should "stop at the point" and not kill or injure. Those who practice martial arts must not be impatient and must not be impatient with patience, because martial arts should not be used to hurt people, but should only be used for self-defense when necessary. When the country is in danger, it is the responsibility of the people who know martial arts to do something about it.

We can summarize the significance of Chinese martial arts to the Chinese people as follows:

Promoting peace

Maintaining good health

Not aggressing against others, but not allowing others to aggress against us

Social responsibility for those who are able to do so

Popular Literature, Movies, and the Chinese Martial Arts

Chinese Martial Arts, which has been the main focus of the modern literature, movies and films in China, is not only an important part of China's history, but also an important part of its history, which is also a part of the Chinese society. modern popular literature and movies have proliferated, which in turn have given rise to martial arts novels and action movies.

In these works, Chinese martial arts often serve the following purposes:

To use Chinese martial arts to exalt the spirit of martial arts and to re-establish certain traditional Chinese ethical values

To stimulate the audience with martial arts scenes as a means of attracting viewers

In fact, the people who wrote the above works often did not really know Chinese martial arts. Some of them only take martial arts moves and schools of martial arts as their subject matter, while others quote some legendary martial arts, and still others even create separate martial arts contents that are out of the blue. In fact, many of the martial arts moves that often appear in various stories (such as flying over the wall, pointing techniques, and hitting the bull through the mountain) are real martial arts moves, but under the rendering of the story, the methods and effects of these moves have been detached from reality for a long time.

Many cultural analysts believe that this phenomenon reflects the powerlessness and depression of modern people in society, which makes them seek the power of the human body to overcome the anxiety and the impact of mechanical civilization encountered in the real world.

Chinese martial arts today

A Westerner practicing martial arts. As you can see from the stance in the picture, he is practicing the closing stance of Xingyiquan. In modern times, martial arts have shifted more towards strengthening the body and competitive sporting events. At present, the State General Administration of Sports of the People's Republic of China (SGAS) has a Wushu Sports Management Center (formerly known as the Wushu Sports Management Center of the Sports and Physical Education Commission of the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.)) and the Wushu Research Institute of the SGAS (formerly known as the Chinese Wushu Research Institute). The Chinese Wushu Association, a national mass wushu organization, is also one of the single sport associations under the leadership of the All-China Sports Federation. They generally initiate and organize wushu sports competitions.

In addition, wushu has been regarded as a kind of competitive sport in the international arena, and there is an International Wushu Federation (English: International Wushu Federation, abbreviated as IWSF) to promote wushu and organize wushu international competitions. The IWSF currently has 101 member states.

However, because the competitive sports competitions of wushu tend to be set competitions, they have been criticized as being mere performances of "dance arts", with no practical skills to speak of, and are more like gymnastics than fancy boxing. As a result, Chinese officials began to introduce Sanda in the 1980s. But this was met with more criticism, with many naysayers not recognizing it as a Chinese martial art at all, and criticizing it as a combination of Muay Thai kicks, boxing punches, and some unorthodox wrestling techniques (since the wrestling in traditional Chinese martial arts is completely different from it).

Famous Wushu Teachers

Huo Yuanjia

Huang Feihong

Bruce Lee

Liu Yunqiao

Liu Baichuan

Shao Hansheng

Ho Changhai

Wu Bin

Siu Yunpeng