Artistic principles of royal gardens

1, landscape architecture. Because of the vast territory and beautiful mountains and rivers in China, the people of China have a special affinity for nature since ancient times, especially the living environment surrounded by mountains and rivers. In feng shui theory, mountains and water are considered to be a combination of yin and yang. Confucius once pointed out: "the benevolent Leshan, the wise happy water;" So as to combine the landscape with the humanistic characteristics. China's unique geographical conditions and cultural background have had an important impact on China's gardening. No wonder people in China are so keen on building gardens in natural landscapes or framing natural landscapes in urban gardens.

2. Simulate a fairyland. As early as 2000 years ago, Qin Shihuang sent people to Penglai, the abbot and Yingzhou, the legendary Sanxian Mountain in the East China Sea, and tried several times to get the medicine of immortality, but all failed. Therefore, he built Penglai Mountain in his Lanchi Palace, imitating fairyland, to express his strong desire for eternal life. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty inherited and promoted this tradition. Penglai, abbot and Yingzhou Sanxian Mountain were built in Zhangjian Palace in Shanglinyuan. Since then, the tradition of one pool and three mountains has been created.

3. move the sky and shrink the ground. An important feature of China tradition is to express infinite connotation in a limited space. In Song Dynasty, Liang Yue in Song Huizong was once praised as a beauty all over the world, and it is best to hide the past from the present. However, Kyushu Qing in the Yuanmingyuan in the Qing Dynasty condensed the layout of China into a small landscape unit to reflect the idea of "no land under heaven". Wen Zhenheng, a gardener in the Ming Dynasty, also emphasized the gardening idea that "one peak is too beautiful to be sought after, and one spoon is Wan Li in the Jianghu".

4. Poetry. The landscape poems and landscape paintings in China's traditional culture profoundly express people's attachment to the landscape, the pursuit of detachment and the idea of living in harmony with nature. Therefore, the artistic conception of landscape poetry and landscape painting has become one of the goals of China traditional garden creation. Xie Lingyun, a scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, pursued "the beauty of water, stone, forest and bamboo, the beauty of rock, elegance and leisure" in his manor construction, while Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, devoted himself to the artistic conception of "looking at mountains, listening to springs, listening to bamboo trees and listening to marble". In the garden, this kind of poetry is especially manifested in the way that the threshold is connected with the forehead or carved stones, which plays a finishing role. Calligraphy art has also formed an indissoluble bond with gardens and has become an indispensable part of gardens.

5. Unique form. The layout of traditional gardens in China does not seem to emphasize the obvious symmetry axis, but actually shows exquisite sense of balance and strong sense of overall confusion. One of the important reasons why traditional gardens in China are different from those in foreign countries is that the overall form is different. In this natural garden, a series of unexpected garden spaces interwoven with people's emotions and dreams have been formed by imitating the water potential of natural mountains, eternal and peculiar architectural shapes and structures, colorful flowers and trees, and winding garden roads.

6. Excellent gardening skills. In the gardening activities of ancient gardeners in China, the first job is to look at the landscape, that is, to analyze the favorable and unfavorable factors inside and outside the garden site with the theory of geomantic omen; Then on this basis, conception, the so-called conception, determines the theme and content to be expressed, and becomes a scene because of the situation. The next step is to use the methods of cherishing the landscape, blocking the landscape, facing the landscape and framing the landscape to reasonably arrange and organize the spatial order with four elements of gardening, and finally carefully scrutinize the details. At this time, landscape designers should skillfully deal with a series of specific problems, such as the change of mountain shape, trend, slope, convexity and concavity, the location of main and secondary peaks, the size, shape and combination of pools, the use of islands and bridges, the modeling and combination of building units and groups, the types and planting methods of garden plants, the direction and materials of garden roads, and so on. In fact, in addition to drawing design, landscape architects in ancient China spent more time guiding construction at the construction site, thus ensuring the realization of design intent and facilitating improvisation.