Chemical grain storage technology in rural areas?

In terms of grain storage measures in rural areas, we often achieve the purpose of preserving grain through the application of chemical agents. Now we will introduce the commonly used chemicals, usage methods and safety measures for your reference. Insecticon phosphorus (grain protection agent) Insecticon phosphorus is the main agent used in rural areas to prevent and control stored grain pests. Anti-insect phosphorus is high-purity malathion used for mixing grains (currently, malathion emulsifiable concentrate with a purity of 70% is supplied in the production information sales department). It is a highly efficient, low-toxic, and low-residue pesticide. . Anti-insect phosphorus has a long effect and is very effective in controlling stored grain pests such as corn weevil, saw millet beetle, long-horned castaneum and wheat moth. When using, pay attention to mixing evenly. It is best to mix the medicine on the drying field before the grain enters the warehouse. When using insecticide phosphorus, safety protection measures must be taken: First, dispensing personnel must wear long-sleeved overalls and rubber gloves to prevent the liquid from contaminating the skin or entering the respiratory tract. Wear gauze gloves and a mask when spraying or dusting. Second, when applying pesticides in the warehouse, the doors and windows of the warehouse should be opened; third, do not drink alcohol before and after applying pesticides. Eating, drinking and smoking are prohibited during the application process. Fourth, each person should not apply pesticide continuously for more than two hours. Don't rub your face and eyes with your hands. Fifth, after dispensing or applying medication, wash your hands and face with soap. Sixth, it is prohibited to pour residual liquid or carriers of insecticide phosphorus into rivers and ponds. If someone is poisoned, they should be sent to the hospital for treatment in time. Things to note: First, make the application as uniform as possible to ensure good efficacy. Second, aqueous agents and powders should not be stored for a long time and should be placed in a cool and dry place during storage. Third, it is prohibited to mix insecticide phosphorus and dichlorvos, otherwise it will produce toxic effects. Fourth, insecticide phosphorus is mainly used for pest control in raw grains and seed grains such as rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, etc. It cannot be used in finished grains, such as rice, flour, etc. Fifth, there should be a four-month safety interval after application before processing and consumption. Sixth, the grain should be dry, and the grain moisture should be within the safe moisture standard (that is, the grain moisture content should be below 13%). Grain-protecting phosphorus (grain protective agent) Grain-protecting phosphorus is a grain protective agent developed by the Chengdu Grain Storage Science Institute of the State Grain Administration. It has a good control effect on stored grain pests and is especially suitable for use in rural grain storage. Food-protecting phosphorus is a yellow-white powder. Through polymer microencapsulation technology, the active ingredients of pesticides are encapsulated into microcapsules of tens of microns. It has a broad insecticidal spectrum and is particularly effective against grain beetles. Due to microencapsulation, the pesticide is released slowly, thus overcoming the shortcomings of easy decomposition of organophosphorus pesticides. The ratio of grain-protecting phosphorus dosage to raw grain is 1:2500. That is, each bag of 100 grams of grain-protecting phosphorus can be mixed with 250 kilograms of raw grain. The specific method is to use whole grains to mix, without the need to seal with film. Just mix the grain-protecting phosphorus evenly into the grain at a ratio of 1:2500, that is, 100 grams of grain-protecting phosphorus is mixed with 250 kilograms of raw grain. When the grain is harvested and sun-dried and put into the warehouse, mix the medicinal powder while entering the warehouse. You can mix a little more medicinal powder on the surface and four corners of the grain. The protection period of grain after the above treatment can reach more than 10 months. When using, safety precautions must be taken: First, do not drink alcohol within 5 hours before and after application. Second, when mixing the powder, wear gauze gloves, goggles and a gauze mask to prevent the powder from contaminating the skin or entering the respiratory tract. Third, the doors and windows of the warehouse should be opened when applying pesticides, change clothes promptly after applying pesticides, and wash hands and face with soap. If a person is found to be poisoned, he should be sent to the hospital for treatment in time. Matters needing attention: First, grain-protecting phosphorus is mainly used for insect control in raw grains and seed grains, and cannot be used in finished grains. Second, when using grain-protecting phosphorus, the grain must be dry (in line with safe moisture standards) and the grain must be insect-free or basically insect-free. Third, the equipment does not need to be sealed, but it needs to be rodent-proof and moisture-proof. Fourth, food-protecting phosphorus should be stored in a cool, dry place. Difenphos (grain protective agent) Difenphos is an internationally preferred grain protective agent. Its chemical name is methylpyrimidine (thion). The commonly used dosage for preventing and controlling stored grain pests is generally 5 p p m. Phosphate is a highly efficient and low-toxic grain protective agent with good insecticidal effect and can effectively prevent and control stored grain mites; it has very low toxicity to humans and other mammals, and the allowable residue in raw grains is 10 p p m, so Mixing the raw grain with medicine will not affect the processing. At present, there are manufacturers in my country producing it. When using fenfophos, safety protection measures need to be taken: First, the personnel dispensing the medicine must wear long-sleeved work clothes and rubber gloves to prevent the liquid from contaminating the skin or entering the respiratory tract. When spraying or dusting powder, workers should wear gauze gloves and masks. Second, when applying pesticides in the warehouse, the doors and windows of the warehouse should be opened. Third, staff are not allowed to drink alcohol before or after applying the medicine. It is forbidden to eat, drink and smoke during the application process. Fourth, after dispensing or applying medication, be sure to wash your hands and face with soap. If someone is poisoned, they must be sent to the hospital in time. MiChongJing (Grain Protectant) MiChongJing is a compound botanical pesticide mixed with 4-6 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines as the main raw materials and a small amount of chemical agents. It has strong repelling, avoidance and contact effects on pests. It has the aromatic smell of Chinese herbal medicine. According to the results of farmers' use for many years, the insecticidal effect is remarkable. Glutinol can be used to prevent insects in raw grains (rice, wheat, corn) and is an excellent grain protective agent. The ratio of the net dosage of cereal insect to raw grain is 1:2500, that is, each bag of 200 grams of powder can be mixed with 400-500 kilograms of raw grain. Aluminum phosphide (fumigant) Aluminum phosphide is a highly toxic fumigant and is generally not recommended for use by farmers in safe grain storage.

If there are no other agents and aluminum phosphide must be used for fumigation, be sure to pay attention to safety! Aluminum phosphide absorbs moisture (humidity) in the air and produces toxic phosphine (PH 3) gas. Each aluminum phosphide sheet is about 3 grams (aluminum phosphide content is 56%). After complete reaction of moisture absorption, 1 gram of phosphine gas can be produced (note: phosphine is a highly toxic gas! The penetrating power is particularly strong! For example : Generally, brick and cement walls in rural areas can be penetrated). When using aluminum phosphide for fumigation, it is best to operate under the guidance of experienced people. Pay attention to safety: First, the operator must wear gloves. If the medicine accidentally enters the eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water; if the medicine comes into contact with the skin, wash it away with water and soap in time. Second, if you feel dizziness, dazzling eyes, tears, chest tightness, nausea or other discomfort during the operation, you should stop working immediately, exit the site, change clothes contaminated by the agent, and go to a place with fresh air. Severe cases should seek medical treatment promptly. Third, pesticide application operators are strictly prohibited from smoking, drinking, and eating food. Fourth, when people are poisoned, they should be sent to the hospital immediately for diagnosis and treatment. Special reminder is that fumigated grain cannot be stored in bedrooms and must be kept away from people's residences and activities. Strictly prevent the agent from coming into direct contact with water to prevent it from decomposing too quickly, resulting in burning or explosion. When dispersing the gas and taking out the residue after fumigation, you must hold your breath and work quickly to prevent inhalation of poisonous gas. Go to a place with fresh air when ventilating. The fumigated grain must be fully dispersed within the specified time before it can be used. After fumigation and dispersion, the collected residues should be kept away from water sources and buried deeply in pits.