Faith in common sense

1. Faith knowledge: How many Jews are there in the world?

World Jewish organizations and relevant Israeli institutions generally claim that the total number of Jews in the world is about130,000 (20 14 data).

Today, the United States and Israel are the main settlements of Jews, with about 6 million Jews in Israel; At present, there are 1.4% Jews among the 300 million people in the United States. Judaism is the state religion, so Jews are basically Jews. There are at least 4.2 million Jews in America now. Asian territories, including Russia and Turkey, account for 12% of the total population, and less than 2% of Jews live in Africa and Oceania. Jews are a "wandering people". For two thousand years, the main body of the Jewish nation seems to have circled such a big circle: West Asia (Palestine)-Eastern Europe-Western Europe-America-West Asia (modern Israel). Today, the distribution of Jews in the world has two obvious characteristics: first, it is concentrated in North America, Israel, Western Europe and the eastern part of the former Soviet Union, while Jews in the United States and Israel account for about 79% of the world's Jews; Second, almost all Jews are concentrated in big cities. At present, the United States remains the country with the largest Jewish population in the world. Judging from the development trend, the total Jewish population in the world has been declining, but the Jewish population in Israel is increasing. In a few years, Israel will surpass the United States, become the country with the largest number of Jews in the world, and will also surpass the total number of Jews in the world.

2. Questions and answers about religious knowledge

The name of Taoism comes from the ancient Shinto. Secondly, the theory of Taoism originated from Laozi, and it was first seen in Laozi's Sier Notes.

Taoism takes Laozi as its leader, because the earliest origin of Taoist philosophy can be traced back to Laozi and Zhuangzi. It is worth noting that Taoism and Taoism are completely different things.

Taoism is not a religion, nor does it advocate establishing religion. Laozi, the source of Taoist thought, was regarded as a "classic book" by Zhang Daoling and others in later generations, rather than a classic book written by an "old gentleman on the throne" for preaching.

According to the general academic circles, the first official classic of Taoism is Taiping Jing, which was completed in the Eastern Han Dynasty, so the Eastern Han Dynasty is regarded as the initial period of Taoism. The formal existence of Taoist entity activities in Taoism is the appearance of Taiping Dao and Wudoumi Dao in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and the three books of Taiping Jing, Zhouyi Shentongqi and Laozi Xianger Zhu are the symbols of the formation of Taoist beliefs and theories.

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to Taoism's idea of "harmony between man and nature" and its world outlook, which has aroused the interest of the western world and made Taoism get more attention. Although there are Taoist elements in Taoist teachings, they are far from representing Taoist spirit and conveying Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts. They must not be confused.

Taoism teaches in the name of "Tao", or talks about the theory of Laozi and Zhuangzi, or talks about internal and external cultivation, or talks about the beauty of symbols. It holds that everything in the world originates from Tao, that is, the so-called "second life, second life, third life and third life", and social life should follow Tao and eventually return to nature. Specifically, the theoretical system is developed from four aspects: heaven, earth, man and ghost.

Heaven not only refers to the real universe, but also refers to the place where immortals live. Heaven is called thirty-six days, and there is Tianmen in heaven. There is a jade building in it, which contains immortals, immortals, heavenly emperors, Tianma, Tianhe, heavenly soldiers, heavenly generals and heavenly daughters.

Its practitioners are heaven. The land refers to both the real land and everything, and the hell where ghosts suffer.

Its operation is affected by the tunnel. People refer to both people and limited individuals.

People's words and deeds should have a human touch and a human touch. Ghosts refer to where people belong.

If a person can Xiu De, he can get rid of darkness and suffering. His surname is not recorded in the ghost biography, and he is a famous ghost fairy. Immortals are also the idol embodiment of Taoist teachings and thoughts.

Taoism is a polytheistic religion, which follows China's ancient belief that the sun, moon, stars, rivers, mountains, ancestors and the dead all worship their ancestors, and forms a complex god system including gods, earth gods and ghosts. Taoism advocates infinity, Yuanji, Taiji and the doctrine of the mean, that is, "Tao".

There are two kinds of Taoist priests: one is clergy, that is, Taoist priests. According to "Tai Xiao Lang Shu Jing", "Pedestrian Avenue is called Taoist Temple.

","physical and mental harmony, obedience for the Tao, so praise the home. "They can be divided into maoshan taoist, the Louvre Taoist and so on.

Learning Taoism from teachers can be divided into "just one" Taoism and "all truth" Taoism. According to the palace view, educational administration can be divided into "master", "temple master" and "knowing guests"

The other is the common people, called "laity" or "believer". "Palace view" is the most important organizational form of Taoism.

The Palace Temple is a place where Taoist priests cultivate, worship and hold ceremonies. There are also some economic organizations in Taoism (such as vegetarian department and tea factory), educational organizations (such as Taoist classes and Taoist classic classes) and charitable organizations (such as nursing homes, clinics and medical departments).

Taoism is an important religious behavior of Taoist priests to cultivate heaven. It is generally considered to include external Dan, internal Dan and food and shelter. External elixir refers to the elixir that can be "immortal" by burning minerals such as lead and mercury in an elixir furnace or tripod after the producer takes it.

After the Tang Dynasty, it was gradually replaced by Inner alchemy. Inner elixir, the general term for activating qi, guiding qi, breathing and breathing, refers to the use of the human body as a cauldron to condense essence into elixir in the body and achieve the goal of immortality.

Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Inner alchemy has gradually prevailed, and its origin can be traced back to the Warring States period, which has had a great influence on China's medicine and health care. Eating refers to taking medicine to live longer.

Taoism is one of the major religions in China. It was formed in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Zhang Daoling, one of the founders of Taoism, is Shi Tian, so it is also called "Stone Heaven". Later it was divided into many factions.

Taoism regards Laozi as the ancestor and respectfully calls him "the old gentleman on the throne". Because "Tao" is the highest belief, it is thought that "Tao" is the source of all things in the metaplasia universe, hence the name.

The "Five Mi Dou Daoism" founded by Zhang Daoling in the Eastern Han Dynasty is the beginning of Taoist stereotypes. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, religious forms gradually became complete.

Lao Dan is regarded as an ancestor, and he is addressed as "grandfather". Tao Te Ching, Zheng Jing Ching and Taiping Cave Ching are the main classics.

Worship Sanqing as the highest god. Important people are divorced from reality, and an alchemist becomes an immortal! [Edit this paragraph] The historical development of Taoism Our ancient ancestors believed that everything was animistic, which led to the worship of nature, totem, soul and ancestors, and gradually developed into the unity of ancestors and gods, becoming the prototype of the Supreme God.

Worship of ghosts and gods existed as early as primitive society. The ancestors regarded the sun, moon, stars, storms, thunder and lightning, mountains and rivers as gods, so they were awed and worshipped.

The ancestors at that time not only believed in animism, but also believed that the soul could not die after death, which led to the worship of ghosts and gods. Various funeral ceremonies and rituals of offering sacrifices and exorcising ghosts have gradually taken shape.

"Chronicle of Bamboo Books" contains: "When the Yellow Emperor collapsed, his minister Zuo Che took a few branches from his clothes and worshipped them in the temple". By the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the prehistoric worship of nature had developed to believe in God and destiny, and initially formed a deity system centered on God. When something happened, Wu Zhu sought answers from God through divination. The primitive worship of ghosts and gods developed into ancestor worship based on blood relationship and patriarchal clan system, and its ancestor worship activities were held regularly.

During this period, a religious professional-Wu Zhu, who specializes in communicating with human beings, appeared. Among them, witches dance to the gods and have a set of exorcism spells; I hope to please God with words. I am the emcee in charge of welcoming God and praying in religious sacrificial activities.

They treat people, predict good and bad luck, draw symbols and recite spells. At that time, the country and society were dominated by wizards and witches.

The worship of ghosts and gods in the Zhou Dynasty developed further, and the ghosts and gods worshipped had formed three systems: gods, ghosts and earthly gods. The worship of ancestors' gods is juxtaposed with the sacrifice of heaven and earth, which is called respecting heaven and ancestors.

Everything is based on the sky, and people are based on their ancestors. Taoism became polytheism in later generations, which originated from the worship of ghosts and gods in ancient times; Taoism in later generations performed fasting ceremonies, which was also fooling around with the ancients.