The original words are "should have the spirit of learning from things".

The original words "should be the true spirit of materialism and knowledge", included in the Humanist version of the "language" in the second book of the eighth grade was amended to "should be the spirit of materialism and knowledge" The following is my collection of "should be the spirit of materialism and knowledge" original text, I hope you like it.

Should have a spirit of knowledge

I am very honored to receive the special honorary award for the essay "Love China" from the weekly magazine "Outlook". My father grew up with a traditional Chinese education, and my education is partly traditional and partly Western. I wrote the essay "Nostalgia" to honor my father's memory. Over the years, I have come into contact with many Chinese students at school, so I would like to take this opportunity to talk to you about how Chinese students studying natural sciences should understand them.

In traditional Chinese education, the most important books are the Four Books. "One of the four books, The Great Learning, says that the starting point of one's education is to "study things" and "realize knowledge". In other words, knowledge is gained from exploring objects. This term could not be more appropriate to describe the development of modern scholarship. The foundation of modern academia is the exploration of the field, what we now call experimentation.

But traditional Chinese education did not emphasize true materialism and knowledge. This may be because the purpose of traditional education was not to seek new knowledge, but to adapt to a fixed social system. The University itself states that the purpose of the study of material things and the pursuit of knowledge is to enable one to achieve the fields of sincerity, correctness of mind, cultivation of the body, unification of the family, and governance of the country, and thus to pursue the highest Confucian ideal, the pacification of the whole world. Because of this, the real significance of the study of material things has been buried.

We all know Wang Yangming, a great theorist of the Ming Dynasty, whose ideas can represent the traditional Confucian attitude towards experimentation. One day, Wang Yangming wanted to follow the instructions of the Great Learning and start with "grasping things". He decided that he would "study" the bamboos in his courtyard. So he moved a stool and sat in the courtyard, facing the bamboo and thinking hard for seven days, only to fail because of a headache. This gentleman is obviously to explore the outside world mistaken for exploring himself.

Wang Yangming's view was understandable in the social environment of his time. Because the traditional Confucian view is that there is an unchanging truth in the world, and the truth is realized by the "sages" from within. When the sages realized the truth, they passed it on to the general public. Therefore, the truths in the scriptures can be "spread to the four corners of the world and handed down to all generations". This view, experience tells us, cannot be applied to the present world.

I am a man of science, so let me first talk about the importance of the spirit of experimentation in science.

The history of scientific progress teaches us that new knowledge can only be obtained by field experiments, not by self-examination or philosophical talk.

The process of experimentation is not passive observation, but active, planned probing. For example, if we want to know the nature of bamboo, we have to plant a special bamboo tree to study the process of its growth, to cut off the leaves and take them to the microscope to observe them, and it is never possible to get knowledge by just standing by and watching.

The process of experimentation is not one of selective measurement; it requires careful and specific planning. Particularly important is to have an appropriate goal to guide the whole process of exploration. How this goal is chosen depends on the judgment and inspiration of the experimenter. A successful experiment requires vision, courage and perseverance.

From this we can understand why breakthroughs in basic knowledge are infrequent. We can also understand why academic progress has historically depended on key discoveries by only a very few people.

Today, Wang Yangming's ideas continue to dominate the minds of some Chinese readers. Because of this cultural background, most Chinese students favor theory over experimentation, and abstract thinking over hands-on work. Chinese students are often very good at their schoolwork, scoring nearly 100 points on their exams, but when faced with research work that requires ideas, they are often at a loss for words.

I have personal experience in this regard. I grew up with a traditional education. When I went to a US university to study physics, I first thought that if I worked very hard and followed my teacher's instructions, I would be able to get by, but this was not the case. As soon as I started to do research, I realized that I could not rely on the teachers alone, and that I needed to make my own decisions and ideas. At that time, I was unprepared and suffered a lot. The thing that made me the most frustrated was that the only way I could cope with everything was to study, which was not helpful for the actual needs.

I think that the true spirit of materialism and knowledge is indispensable not only in academic research, but also in coping with today's world environment. In today's general education, we need to cultivate the spirit of experimentation. That is to say, whether in the study of science, in the study of humanities, or in personal action, we must retain an attitude of skepticism and truth-seeking, and we must rely on practice to discover the truth of things. Nowadays, the environment of the world and society is changing rapidly. The exchanges of different cultures in the world are also getting closer. We cannot blindly accept what we used to believe to be the truth, nor can we wait for instructions from "academic authorities". We need to exercise our own judgment. In the midst of the radical changes in our environment, we should re-experience the true meaning of the scriptures of thousands of years ago, which speak of the pursuit of knowledge through material things. This meaning is twofold: first, the only way to seek truth is to explore things objectively; second, the process of exploration is not passive inaction, but imaginative and planned exploration. I hope that our generation will have a new understanding and thinking about materialism and knowledge, so that the spirit of experimentation will become a real part of Chinese culture.

Note: This article was selected for inclusion in the People's Education Publishing House ninth grade language textbook, and also selected for inclusion in the Language Publishing House eighth grade language textbook, Lesson 13 (2011 edition), etc. In the Language Publishing House, the beginning of this article was selected for inclusion in the People's Education Publishing House eighth grade language textbook. In the language publishing house, this article begins with "I am very honored to accept the "Outlook" weekly awarded me "love China" essay special honorary award. My father grew up with a traditional Chinese education, and my education is part traditional and part Western." This paragraph, and several others, have been changed. According to the Language Publishing House, this is the author's speech delivered on October 18, 1991 at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, when he received the Special Honorary Award at the "Love for China" conference.

The Spirit of Materialism and Knowledge

I. Key Words

1.

肇 zhào 嘹 liào望 彷徨 páng huáng

2. Explain the following words.

(1) 格物致知;Exhausting the principles and laws of things, and summarizing rational knowledge.

(2) Sitting on the sidelines: a metaphor for staying out of the way or not assisting others.

(3) At a loss: not knowing what to do.

(4) Smooth sailing: a metaphor for very smooth sailing without any setbacks.

3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.

(1) One of the "Four Books", "University", says that the starting point of one's education is "materialism" and "Zhi Zhi Zhi".

(2) A successful experiment requires vision, courage and perseverance.

(3) I think that the true spirit of "to realize things" is indispensable not only for academic research, but also for coping with today's world environment.

II. Knowledge List of Key Sentences to Memorize

1. The University itself says that the purpose of the Ge Shi Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi is to enable people to achieve the fields of sincerity, righteousness, cultivation of one's own body, unification of one's family, and governance of one's own country, so as to pursue the highest ideal of Confucianism - the pacification of the whole world.

2. Today, with the radical changes in the environment, we should re-experience the true meaning of the Confucian doctrine of the knowledge of material things, as stated in the scriptures a few years ago. This meaning has two aspects: first, the only way to seek the truth is to explore things objectively; second, the exploration should be imaginative, planned, and not passive standby.

3. The history of scientific development tells us that new knowledge can only be obtained through field experiments, not by self-examination or philosophical discourse can be sought.

Third, the general knowledge of literature memorization knowledge list

1, "should be the spirit of materialism and knowledge" is the author of Ding Zhaozhong, is an American physicist.

2. "The Four Books" refers to the four books: "University", "Meanwhile", "Analects" and "Mencius".

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1. What is the relevance of the issues discussed in this article?

The advantage of China's basic education is that it emphasizes the teaching of basic knowledge and basic skills, and the disadvantage is that it neglects to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability. In the current society, this shortcoming can even be said to be a fatal wound, which makes our students unable to adapt to the needs of the times, and thus affect the revitalization of the nation and the future of the country. Of course, this shortcoming is not a sudden formation, it has a long-standing cultural background and is related to the current examination system. To overcome this shortcoming, it is a long way to go.

Based on the development of modern academia and personal experience, this article elucidates how Chinese students should study natural sciences in the light of the traditional cultural background and the current situation in China. Its insights can be described as high level and to the point; the persuasion is heartfelt. It is a good medicine for our students, and everyone who reads it will benefit for life.

2. The author says: "The history of scientific development tells us that new knowledge can only be obtained through field experiments, not by self-examination or philosophical talk can be sought." Try to give examples to prove the importance of the spirit of experimentation, i.e., the spirit of materialism and knowledge in science.

For example, in order to refute Aristotle's view that the speed of fall is directly proportional to the weight of the object, Galileo threw down two objects with the same material and different weights at the same time at the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, to prove that when objects with different weights landed freely in the air, their weights had nothing to do with the speed of fall, and that objects with different weights landed at the same speed.