Miao art

Miao people can sing and dance well. Miao people's "flying songs" are loud and powerful, and they are very infectious; Dances include Lusheng dance, bench dance and bronze drum dance, among which Lusheng dance is the most common. Lusheng Dance is performed in festivals such as the 15th day of the first month, the 3rd day of March, the Double Ninth Festival, and on the days of building houses, harvest and wedding banquets, with many lower limbs changes. Generally, two to five men lead the Lusheng dance among the people, while others dance in a circle. The scene is spectacular and the atmosphere is warm. Competitive Lusheng dance is generally performed by a few skilled men and women at festivals or gatherings, usually two to four people, with difficult movements such as squatting, bending over and even supine and handstand, which are deeply loved by the masses. Miao music can include vocal music and instrumental music. Miao vocal music is generally sung by real people without instrumental accompaniment.

Miao folk songs can be divided into three categories according to their contents: stray songs (love songs), drinking songs, bitter songs, anti-songs, funeral songs, labor songs, current political songs, children's songs, riddle songs and so on, with different tunes. Gefei is a special folk song singing form popular in Qiandongnan Prefecture. Usually in the mountains. Its tune is loud and unrestrained, and the lingering sound is very distinctive. Its contents include love songs, current political songs and so on. Its singing forms include solo, duet and chorus. Various forms of folk songs include traditional lyrics and improvisation. Gabaifu song is a kind of rap literature popular in southeastern Guizhou. It combines folk poems and legends. Singers sometimes narrate and sometimes sing, and their contents mostly reflect real people and stories in civil disputes and social phenomena.

Singing is an ancient way for young Miao men and women to express their wishes and show their talents. The "Pange" of Miao people in Zhaotong area is very interesting. The young man took a fancy to a young woman, so he took two companions of the same age and went to his aunt's house to explain his purpose to her elders. If the girl's parents answer, "No one is in the same class." You can play songs. Song's song concert was arranged by the woman and the old man. The partners of both men and women who take part in the duet are not only consultants, but also find partners for themselves.

In a song, men usually sing first. The two sides showed their talents in a duet. If the man loses, the woman throws the man away with water. The Miao family's splashing water is not malicious, but a kind of baptism. If Israel answers questions and sings to each other, you can also sing and get engaged. But if the woman loses, she can continue to play songs, and such songs have been put into engagement. On the day of engagement, the woman's parents should prepare the wedding banquet for the man in time, and propose a toast to the folks attending Song Hui one by one. Finally, make a cup from the horns of a pair of cattle and sheep and propose a toast to the young people who are about to get married. Then, they played lusheng and danced all night to congratulate the young people.

Miao's musical instruments usually include lusheng, suona, flute, huqin and Qin Yue. Main entrance: Miao dance

In Miao nationality, the self-entertaining collective song and dance of young men and women is often called "stepping on the hall", but the traditional name of "stepping on the hall" has been basically changed to "Lusheng Dance" because it cannot be separated from the accompaniment of Lusheng. However, in order to reflect the differences and characteristics of "Lusheng Dance" in different regions, people have to distinguish it by regional names before "Lusheng Dance". Therefore, there are many forms of Lusheng dance, such as "Lusheng Dance in Rongshui, Guangxi", "Lusheng Dance in Qiandongnan" and "Lusheng Dance in Huaxi, Guizhou". It is the traditional custom of Miao and Dong nationalities that men play lusheng and women dance. Only in Guizhou, Miao women, who are not lost to men, dance Lusheng in the "stepping on the hall", which is a scenery that Lusheng people in other areas have never had before. Miao young men must play Lusheng well and take part in the collective Lusheng Dance. If they can also master the "Lusheng Dance" in the form of single or double performance with special difficult skills, then he will become a leader among men and win the favor of more unmarried women.

Miao young men and women in Huaxi, Guizhou, will automatically get together, play lusheng and dance lusheng every New Year. In the crowd playing Lusheng, there are many young girls besides young men. They stood in a dance circle with the male Lusheng player, playing the Lusheng in their hands and dancing with the women in the outer circle. The two dance circles cross each other and transpose each other. They jump to the center and gather together for a while, and then fly out to the periphery, just like flowers in a hundred gardens and colorful butterflies dancing. Although these dancers are not professional dancers, the simple and elegant dance style and the heartfelt joy of the dancers will also infect the audience led by this energetic song and dance, clapping their hands and stamping their feet happily. Main terms: Diaojiaolou and Miaozhai.

Due to the unique migration history, the Miao people have formed their own unique architectural style in the selection of building materials and housing construction. Miao people like wooden buildings, which are generally three-story buildings. The first floor is generally a semi-house to solve the problem of uneven slope, so it is generally used for stacking sundries or keeping livestock in captivity. The second floor is the main house, and the third floor is the granary. Someone specially set up a "beauty lean" on the third floor for young girls to watch and show their beauty, so as to establish a preliminary relationship with Miao's brother.

Building materials vary from place to place. There are more wood in Miao nationality areas in southeastern Guizhou, so there are more wooden houses and tile houses, and less straw houses with earth walls. There are wooden houses, tile houses, straw houses and earth-walled houses in central and southern Guizhou, and straw houses and earth-walled houses are the most commonly used. In addition, many Miao people live in "fork houses", where there is no room, no furniture and furnishings, and wooden beds and mats are used as mats and grass piers as stools.

In some areas of southeastern Guizhou and northern Guizhou, there is a special type of house called "Diaojiaolou". Built on a slope, the foundation is cut into a "factory"-shaped soil platform, supported by long wooden columns under the soil platform, purlins and beams are installed according to the height of the soil platform, and leveled with the soil platform. The beam is covered with a floor as the front hall of the house, and pigsty or sundries are stored below. Above the front hall of the long column, it is connected with the main room on the stage through the square, which constitutes a part of the main room. The main room on the stage is divided into two floors: the first floor is occupied by people, and the upper floor is full of sundries. The roof is covered with tiles (or fir bark), and the walls are decorated with boards or masonry. Embroidery is a long-standing handicraft art of Miao nationality, the main decorative means of Miao costumes and the representative of Miao female culture. Guizhou Province in the southwest of China is inhabited by a large number of Miao compatriots, who have created different styles and styles of clothes. Their clothes can be divided into casual clothes and formal clothes. They wear casual clothes on weekdays, and girls wear formal clothes when they get married, regardless of clothing or headdress. Complex technology and fine workmanship. Although Miao Xiu's theme selection is rich, it is relatively fixed, including dragons, birds, fish, bronze drums, flowers, butterflies, and pictures reflecting Miao history. Miao embroidery is very beautiful, with 12 techniques, namely Ping Xiu embroidery, pile embroidery, lock embroidery, cloth embroidery, seed embroidery, thread-breaking embroidery, crepe embroidery, braid embroidery, ponytail embroidery, tin embroidery and silk embroidery. These techniques are divided into several stitches. For example, lock embroidery has double-needle lock and single-needle lock, and broken thread embroidery has broken thick thread and broken thin thread.

There are many kinds of Miao embroidery, which can be roughly divided into monochrome embroidery and color embroidery. Monochrome embroidery is mainly blue thread, with simple embroidery techniques, elegant and suspicious works, simple and generous; Color embroidery is made of colorful silk thread, and the embroidery process is complicated. Or Ping Xiu embroidery or embroidery, mostly with natural flowers, birds, insects, fish or dragons, phoenixes and unicorns as the theme. The finished embroidery is colorful and lifelike, and it is a fine product of Phoenix national handicrafts. Batik is a traditional skill handed down from generation to generation by Miao people in Danzhai County, Anshun County and zhijin county. It was called Wawali in ancient times and Wutu in Miao language, which means batik clothing.

Danzhai County, Anshun County and zhijin county are multi-ethnic areas with Miao as the main body. In the harsh environment of long-term isolation from the outside world, the residents here have gradually formed a self-sufficient lifestyle, and the ancient batik skills have been preserved. According to Miao custom, all women have the obligation to inherit batik skills, and every mother should teach her daughter to make batik. So Miao girl learned this skill from an early age. They grow indigo cotton, spin and weave, wax, dip dye and cut it, which is passed down from generation to generation. In this situation, these Miao inhabited areas have formed a custom culture dominated by batik art, such as costumes, wedding and funeral customs, social ways, funeral customs and so on.

Miao batik is an art created for producers' own needs, and its products are mainly daily necessities, including women's clothes, sheets, quilts, wrapping cloth, headscarves, backpacks, bags, suspenders and funeral sheets.