What flowers did ancient poets use to express their feelings?

(1) Common images of poetry 1. Trees: the straightness of trees: the ups and downs of career and life, and the smooth yellow leaves: the withered and mature beauty is dying, the green leaves are metabolized, the vitality is hopeful, the vitality is bamboo, the integrity is positive, and the willow leaves are farewell. It is a custom of farewell in Han Dynasty. After the implication, there is a meaning of farewell and nostalgia. "Willow": Mourning the feelings of parting: It can trigger the past like smoke, and is often used to express the sense of rise and fall. Red leaves: it is called the thing that conveys feelings, and later it refers to poetry to convey feelings. Pine and cypress: strong and proud, strong and vital. Pine is a model of fighting snow and frost, and naturally it is the object of praise. Li Bai's "Giving Books to Serve Huang Shang": "I hope you will be loose, but be careful not to be peaches and plums." Wei Huang Shang always flatters powerful people, and Li Bai writes poems to persuade him to be an upright person. Liu Zhen, a native of the Three Kingdoms, gave it to his younger brother: "Don't you suffer from cold, pine and cypress have nature." The poet used this sentence to encourage his cousin to be as faithful as sending pines and cypresses, and to maintain noble quality under any circumstances. Indus: Indus is a symbol of desolation, bitterness and sadness. For example, Wang Changling's "Poem of Long Letter in Autumn" says: "The phoenix tree in Jinjing is yellow in autumn leaves, and the bead curtain does not roll the frost at night. The smoked jade pillow has no color, and it is long to lie down and listen to the Nangong. " It is about a girl who has been deprived of her youth, freedom and happiness. In a desolate and lonely palace, she lies alone and listens to the uterine leakage. The first sentence of the poem starts with a phoenix tree with yellow leaves by the well, which sets off a bleak and cold atmosphere. Xu Zaisi, a Yuan Dynasty poet, wrote "The Fairy of Double Water Diversion. Night Rain": "A sound of leaves and autumn, a little banana and a little sorrow, and the third night comes after the dream." Write all your worries with the falling leaves of plane trees and the rain hitting banana. Others such as "a leaf, a sound, empty steps dripping to the light" (Tang Wen Tingyun's "More Leaky"), "Indus is more drizzling, until dusk, dribs and drabs" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice") and so on. 2, flowers and plants: flowers bloom: I hope that the brilliant flowers of youth life will fall: withering and frustrated life, career setbacks, cherish the nostalgia and nostalgia of spring for good things. Peach blossom: a symbol of beauty. Lan: noble peony: rich and beautiful grass: strong vitality, endless hope, desolation, remoteness, lowliness and hatred of identity and status. Millet: sadness of separation (the country's prosperity and decline in the past), three friends (pine, bamboo and plum) and chrysanthemum symbolize noble character. Red bean: acacia bean, which refers to the token of love between men and women, is a metaphor for love or friendship between men and women. From Wang Wei's poem "Acacia": "when those red berries come in springtime, flushing on your southland branches, advise you to collect more, as a symbol of our love." The poet expressed his affection for his friends by borrowing red beans born in the south. Chrysanthemum: secluded, noble and refined chrysanthemum: Although chrysanthemum can't be compared with the peony with national colors and fragrance, nor can it be compared with the orchid with a hundred times the price, as the flower of Ao Shuang, it has always been favored by literati. Some people praise its strong character, while others appreciate its lofty temperament. Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Drinking Mulan in the morning reveals the dew, and eating autumn chrysanthemum in the evening loses its beauty." The poet symbolizes the nobleness and purity of his character by drinking dew and eating flowers. Tang Yuan Zhen's Chrysanthemum: "Autumn bushes are like Taoists, and they are increasingly inclined around the fence. It's not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, and this bloom is even more flowerless. " Expressed the poet's pursuit of firmness and noble character. Other poems, such as "I'd rather hold the fragrance on the branches and die, but never blow it off among the flowers" (Song Zheng Sixiao's Cold Chrysanthemum) and "Lonely Dongli is wet and exposed, and the sediment is illuminated by the former gold" (Song Fan Chengda's Two Chrysanthemums after Chongyang), all use chrysanthemums to express the poet's spiritual quality, and the chrysanthemums here undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality. Mei: Aoxue is strong and indomitable against adversity. Plum blossom is the first to bloom in the cold, and then it leads to the fragrance of blooming flowers. Therefore, plum blossom, like chrysanthemum, has been admired and praised by poets. "Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang, a Song Dynasty poet: "One flower suddenly changes first, and all flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic that plum blossom was the first to open, and wrote the quality of being the first in the world, not afraid of setbacks, which is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself. Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom: "Knowing from afar is not snow, because there is a faint fragrance." The poem not only describes the reason why plum blossoms spread far away because of the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, and receives the artistic effect of good fragrance and color. Lu You's famous poem "Yongmei": "It's scattered into mud and ground into dust, only the fragrance remains the same." Plum blossoms are used to describe one's unfortunate experience of being devastated and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go along with the flow. "Mo Mei" by Wang Mian in the Yuan Dynasty: "Don't be praised for its good color, just leave the air fresh and dry." It is also a plum blossom that reflects its unwillingness to go along with the flow, which is shallow and profound. Lotus: Because "lotus" and "pity" have the same sound, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. For example, the Southern Dynasties Yuefu's "Xizhou Qu": "Picking lotus in Nantang autumn, the lotus is over the head; Bow your head and get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " "Lotus seed" means "Reiko" and "green" means "clear". Here, it is both real and imaginary, and the meaning is pun. The rhetoric of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love. Thirty-five of Jin's Forty-two Midnight Songs: "The fog reveals the lotus, but the lotus is not clear." The dew in the fog hides the true face of the lotus, and the lotus leaves are visible but not very clear. This is also a method of homophonic pun to write a woman who vaguely feels that the man loves her. The maturity of plums is compared to a girl's longing for love, such as "leaning against the door and looking back, but smelling the plums" (Li Qingzhao's "Dianjiang Lips"). Lilac refers to melancholy thoughts or complex, such as "Since Nanpu Bie, I have been worried about seeing lilac knots" (Tang Niuqiao's Grateful). 3. Animal apes: sad and piercing Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain "in a sharp gale from the wide sky apes are whimpering" Hong Ge:: Ideal pursuit of fish: free and comfortable eagle: successful dog and chicken in the fighting cause of vigorous and free life: pastoral life (thin) Later, the literati referred to homesickness with the words "Chui Geng Ji" and "Chui Ji Qiu Si". Double carp: refers to letters. The poem "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes" written by Han Yuefu says: "Guests come from afar, leaving me a pair of carp. Huer cooks carp, and there is a book in it. " Later, I wrote letters from afar with double carp. Zhuang Zhoumeng Butterfly: The language comes from Zhuangzi's Theory of All Things: "In the past, Zhuang Zhoumeng was a Hu (butterfly) butterfly, which was lifelike. I don't know what week is. If you feel it suddenly, you will feel it suddenly. I wonder if Zhou Zhimeng is a butterfly? What is the dream of Hu (butterfly) for Zhou and? Zhou and Hu (butterfly), there must be points. This is called materialization. " Zhuangzi used this to illustrate the idea that things are one and everything is equal. Later, scholars used it to refer to confusing dreams and fickle things. For example, Lu You's poem "Winter Night" says: A cup of opium poppy is a slave, while Zhuang Zhou's butterflies are both empty. "(Lonely) Goose: Lonely homesickness, homesickness, news, news, Hongyan: Letters-thoughts of loved ones. Hongyan: Hongyan is a large migratory bird. Every autumn, it moves south, which often causes wanderers to feel homesick and sad when they travel. For example, Xue Daoheng, a native of Sui Dynasty, wrote: "When a man returns to the wild goose, he thinks before the flowers." As early as before the flowers bloom, I had the idea of going home; But when the geese have returned to the north, people have not returned home. When the poet was an official in the Northern Dynasties, he sent an envoy to the Southern Dynasties and wrote this homesick poem, which was subtle and tactfully. There are also thoughts written by geese, such as "When you hear that geese are homesick at night, you will get sick in the New Year" (Ouyang Xiu's Play Answers to Yuan Zhen), "When there are a few stars, the geese cross the building, and the flute leans against the building with a sound" (Tang Dynasty's Zhao Wei's Autumn Hope in Chang 'an), and "The stars are cold in the blue pool, and the Hongyan mourns the red wind" (. There are also letters referred to by Hongyan. Everyone is familiar with the allusions of Hongyan's biography, and Hongyan's application as a messenger of letters in poetry is also common. For example, "the wild geese never answer me, the river is full of autumn water" (Du Fu's to li bai at the sky end), "Shuo Yan handed down books, and Xiang Yan dyed more tears" (Li Shangyin's Li Si). Partridge bird: The image of partridge also has a specific connotation in ancient poetry. The singing of partridges makes people sound like "I can't walk without my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of arduous journey and full of parting. For example, "The sunset is boundless and the grass is bright in autumn, and the partridges crow far away" (Li Qunyu of the Tang Dynasty "Smells the partridges on Jiuzipo"), "The evening in the river is full of worries, and the mountains are deep in the smell of partridges" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man. Book Jiangxi to Create a Mouth Wall"). Cicada: Cicada won't live long after autumn. After some autumn rain, Cicada will have a few intermittent moans, and her life is at stake. Therefore, chilling becomes synonymous with sadness. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Luo Binwang's "Chanting Cicadas" begins with two sentences: "Cicadas sing in the west land, and visitors in the south crown think deeply." [Journey to the West: Autumn] Singing with chilling voice, exaggerating his deep homesickness in prison. Liu Yong, a poet of the Song Dynasty, begins with: "The cold cicada is sad, and the long pavilion is late, and the shower is at the beginning." Before the parting is directly described, the feeling of "sadness and sorrow" has filled the readers' hearts and brewed an atmosphere that can touch the parting. Poems such as "Cold cicadas sing on my side" (Wang Biao for a White Horse by Cao Zhi of the Three Kingdoms) also express such feelings. Yuanyang refers to a loving couple, such as "Why should I quit my job if I succeed? I would rather be a Yuanyang than a fairy" (Ancient Meaning of Chang 'an by Lu Zhaolin in the Tang Dynasty). The image of "Swallow" in ancient poetry is a migratory bird of the genus Swallow, which migrates with the change of seasons and likes to go in and out of people's houses or eaves in pairs. Therefore, it is favored by the ancients and often appears in ancient poetry, or cherishes spring and hurts autumn, or exaggerates sadness, or reposes lovesickness, or is sentimental about current events, with rich images and expressions that are beyond the reach of other things. (1) show the beauty of spring and convey the feeling of cherishing spring. According to legend, swallows come to the north in spring and return to the south in autumn, so many poets regard it as a symbol of spring to beautify and praise it. For example, "hidden deep in a haze of blossom, make a fresh breast" (Wei Yingwu's "on Meeting My Friend Feng Zhu in the Capital"), "When swallows come, the news agency, and the pear blossoms fall behind" (Yan Shu's "Broken Fighter"), "Yingying swallows spring, flowers and willows are really beautiful, and everything is full of rhyme" (Georgie's "The sky is clear and the sand is the thing"), "Birds and birds" Floating quickly blows the flower tips, and the green tails are separated from the red shadows. " Extremely researched, the shape and spirit are alike. The spring is bright and bright, the swallows are petite and lovely, and the literati are sentimental. When the spring passes, the poet will feel infinitely sad. Therefore, Ouyang Xiu has the idea of "going to the tourists, only to feel the spring is empty." When the curtain is hung down, the two swallows return in the drizzle (Picking Mulberry Seeds), Qiao Ji has the sorrow of "Who is the swallow hiding the spring title, and the warbler is too shy to find a companion, and the cold is lazy to report to the official (picking honey), and the crow is hungry" (Water Fairy). (2) show the beauty of love and convey the longing for your lover. Swallows are always male and female, and fly with each other, thus becoming a symbol of love. "Thinking of flying in pairs, holding mud to nest in your house", "Yan Er is newly married, like a brother" (The Book of Songs. Gu Feng), "Swallows fly, miss their feathers, and their sons return to the wild" (The Book of Songs) Only with the loneliness of the empty boudoir "the cobwebs are hanging in the dark, and the empty beams are falling in the mud" (Yesterday's Salt by Xue Daoheng), the melancholy jealousy of "the fallen flowers are independent, and the swift flies in both directions" (Yan Jidao's Linjiang Xian), and the "the curtain is light and cold, and the swallows fly in both directions" (feast is special. All these, to name a few. (3) Express the changes of current affairs, express the feelings and indignation of the past ups and downs, personnel metabolism, national subjugation and family ruin. Swallows go back to spring in autumn and never forget their old nests. Poets seize this feature and vent their indignation heartily. The most famous one is Liu Yuxi's Wuyixiang: "There are weeds on the Suzaku Bridge, and the sunset is setting at the mouth of Wuyixiang. In the old days, Wang thanked Tang Qianyan and flew into the homes of ordinary people. " In addition, there are some special banquets, such as "There is nothing to do with the flowers falling, it seems familiar that the swallow returns, and the small garden is wandering alone" ("Huanxisha"), Li Haogu's "Swallows return with embroidered curtains, and the old nest is nowhere to be found" ("Visiting the Golden Gate. Huai's Former Residence"), and Jiang Kui's "Swallows are careless, and go with the clouds on the west bank of Taihu Lake. Several peaks are bitter, and the rain in Shang Lue is dim "(Dianjiang Lip), Zhang Yan's" Swallows know where in those days, but the moss is deep and the grass is dark and oblique "(High Balcony), and Wen Tianxiang's" The scenery of mountains and rivers is the same, and the people of the city are half gone. Reed flowers everywhere accompany me to grow old. Who will fly next to the old swallows? " (Jinling Post). Swallow has no intention, but witnessed the changes of current events, endured the suffering of the country's destruction and death, and showed the poet's sadness of "separation". The load can be described as heavy. (4) Pass the book on behalf of others, and whisper the pain of leaving love. In the Tang Dynasty, Guo Shaolan's poems on Yan Zu were passed on to her husband Ren Zong. Ren Zong left home for Jiahu, and did not return for several years. Shao Lan's poems were written by Yan Zu. At that time, living in Jingzhou, Yan suddenly berthed on his shoulder, and when he saw that the foot was tied with a book, he explained it, which was sent by his wife and returned with tears. His poem "Send a Husband" says: "My husband went to the heavy lake, and I cried blood books at the window. I was diligent and sent it to my thin lover by Yan Yi." Who said that "Yanzi Liang is too heartless" (Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions), it is precisely because of Yanzi's affection that her husband changed his mind and the husband and wife met. Guo Shaolan was lucky. Some unfortunate women borrowed Yan to pass on books, but nothing was heard from them. For example, "The sad swallow left a red line, which annoyed the lonely shadow" (Zhang Kejiu Sai Hongqiu Chun Qing), "The tearful eyes leaned against the building frequently, and when Shuang Yan came, did they meet each other on strangers" (Feng Yansi's "Recent Flowers"), and their sadness was bitter. (5) express the feelings of wandering, and describe the suffering of wandering. "Holiness, intuition and analogy are the dominant thinking modes of the Han nationality" (Zhang Dainian's "China Thinking Bias"), flowers, birds, insects and fish are all written by literati, and birds and animals all show the poet's talent. The geese cry in sorrow for autumn, the apes sing in petticoats, and the cicadas send lofty messages. The uncertainty of the swallow's habitat has left the poet with rich imagination space, or he wanders around, "every year is like a new swallow, wandering in the vast sea, sending rafters for repair" (Zhou Bangyan's Man Tingfang); Or the ups and downs of life experience, "looking at Chang' an, the future is full of spots and spots, and the journey is difficult when you travel from south to north" (Zhang Kejiu's "Before the Palace"); Or meet and say goodbye, "like a social swallow and Feihong, they will send each other when they meet unsteadily" (Su Shi's "Send Chen Muzhi to Tanzhou"; Or from time to time, "Magnets fly, mica comes to water, earth dragons bring rain, and geese fly" (Liu An's Huai Nan Zi). Swallow is no longer just a swallow, it has become a symbol of Chinese traditional culture, and it has been integrated into the blood of every Chinese descendant. 4. Wind, frost, rain, snow and water clouds: sea: vast power, profound momentum, waves: ups and downs of life, surging waves: dangers of life, treacherous rivers and lakes: the passage of time, the short and long sorrow of years. The development trend of history is smog: hazy emotions, confusion of bleak future, failure of dim ideals and disillusionment. Light rain: spring scenery, hope for vitality, subtle education, heavy rain, cruel and enthusiastic political struggle, power to sweep away evil forces, power to clean up filth, spring breeze, broad-minded and happy hope for the east wind, and beautiful spring.