What does settlement spatial pattern mean?

The spatial form of a settlement refers to the external form of the settlement. There are mainly the following kinds:

(1) agglomeration shape: mainly distributed in the plains and basins, the city is distributed in the form of a network, and the transportation network is usually a collection of ring roads and spoke bulk highways, which are often regular squares or circles, typical of Chengdu and Beijing.

(2) Long strip: mainly due to topography or transportation, for example, along the river, valley terrain, along the railroad usually develop into this type.

(3) Radial: also usually due to topography or transportation, such as at the confluence of rivers and other places. Typical is Chongqing.

Expanded information:

The factors influencing the type of settlement:

1, topography:

Topography has a very obvious influence on rural settlements. Plain area settlement is more concentrated (mostly for the village), larger scale, settlement housing arranged in an orderly manner, the shape of more than one group; mountainous areas of the residents of the mountainous areas more mountainous building settlements, heights varied, become a kind of mountain village or mountain towns.

such as the Miao hanging foot building, that is, depending on the mountain and live, the entire building of the front part of the house is supported by wooden pillars on the slope, paved with wooden planks, and then built on top of the residence, from a distance as if suspended, the whole village looks majestic and sinister. Moreover, many houses in the mountainous areas are built with stone materials, forming a unique appearance of settlements; villages in the mountainous areas are generally smaller in size, and settlements are arranged haphazardly (mostly scattered villages).

2, precipitation:

The size of the precipitation in each area will directly affect the shape of the house building, which is most obvious in the rural areas. Generally speaking, precipitation-rich areas, the settlement housing more for the sloping roof, is conducive to rainfall, the more abundant precipitation, the greater the slope of the roof, and more precipitation in the region, generally more humid, the settlement housing also need to moisture, so some ethnic minority areas of the residential construction of wood and bamboo overhead, that is, the "dry stop" structure (also commonly known as the hanging corner of the building), and the building of the house. Is commonly known as the hanging corner of the building) in order to facilitate ventilation, heat, moisture. In areas with less precipitation, the slope of the roofs of the houses in the settlements is smaller. Even the roofs are flat in areas where climate resources are particularly arid.

More precipitation areas, such as southern China, the roof of the eaves long, can make the roof too much rainwater leakage "range" far, is conducive to the protection of the wall is not eroded by the rain; and less precipitation areas, such as the roof of the north of China, the roof of the eaves are shorter, because they do not have rain more worries. From the eaves of the mouth of the roof, southern China, the eaves of the mouth of the roof to pick out a lot, which can not only avoid the rain, but also the effect of the sun; and northern China, the eaves of the mouth of the roof to pick out less, but also because of no rain of the problem.

3, temperature:

High temperature areas, the colony area walls are thinner, the room is larger, the window is smaller, so as to achieve the effect of heat; low temperature areas, the colony area walls are thicker, the room is smaller.

And then on the courtyard type residential, northern China is mostly scattered, the south is mostly aggregated, because the northeast, north China's cold climate, the angle of sunlight in winter is small, in order to fight for more sunlight, so the scattered houses, increase the yard, in order to increase the sunlight contact surface, to prolong the time of sunlight, and is very important to the direction of the house (mostly north-south), and the Yangtze River Basin and southern China, the light and heat is plentiful, in order to Reduce sunshine, so the compound is aggregated, the atrium is narrow in order to shade, and the orientation of the houses in the southern region is also more chaotic.

The Yangtze River Delta region, residential to adapt to the needs of the hot and humid climate, housing construction using open halls, patio corridors, such as open and permeable layout, the outside of the wall more than whitewash to reduce the sun's heat-absorbing effect. Tibetan plateau day and night temperature difference is very great, the year-round wind strong rain less, so the use of stone made of flat roof thick wall building, during the day to facilitate the thick wall heat absorption, to the night thick wall heat dissipation, just can increase the temperature to the cold. In cold winter areas, in order to avoid the intrusion of cold winds, wind walls often do not open windows. Such as China's northern winter prevails in the north wind, so the windows are generally not open to the north, the door is also open to the south.

4, water:

Settlements are generally as close as possible to the water, especially with the convenience of clean water, so more along the banks of the river, lakes around the distribution, the formation of "small bridges and flowing homes" landscape. In the desert area, the settlement is distributed in the oasis area or take groundwater convenient area. Even in the vast wet areas of China, the distribution of settlements is also obviously affected by the impact of water use, in the water supply is sufficient, dense water network areas, settlements are more concentrated, larger scale. In areas where water supply is scarce and water networks are sparse, settlements are more dispersed and smaller in size.

For example, in the Jiangnan region, settlements are generally distributed in the foothills and open valley plains, which is related to the residents of water and so on. The mountainous areas of the isolated village or monastery is also built in the spring water outcrops. The Yangtze River Delta region, the river network is densely populated between villages rely on oars, many villages are distributed along the river, waterfront buildings, it can be said that "the people of all the pillows of the river".

5, factors affecting the village settlement in addition to the natural geographic environment, but also by the constraints of socio-economic and cultural factors. Such as agricultural production methods, economic development, traditional customs and habits, cultural background. In short, the factors affecting the village settlement is multi-faceted, any village settlement form, development, demise are some kind of dominant factors and other factors **** with the role of the masterpiece.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Settlement