The historical evolution of homosexuality

China's traditional culture is not against homosexuality, and even more tolerant than the West in ancient times. There is no contradiction between homosexuality and marriage and childbearing.

Confucius said, "There are 300 poems. In a word, they are innocent." Since homosexuality has entered poetry, it can be seen that homosexuality is a very pure emotion in his eyes. He didn't drive it, but homosexuality was not considered abnormal at that time. "Zuo Zhuan's eleven years of mourning for the public" records that Lu's uncle's son had a beloved child molester named Wang Wei. When the State of Qi attacked the State of Lu, the ministers, uncles and Wang Kun fought bravely in a chariot and died together. Because of his youth, the Lu people intend to bury him by funeral, which is naturally less polite than adults. Confucius was in charge of etiquette, justice and teaching at that time. He expressed his opinion: "If you can fight to defend the country, there will be no sorrow." It means: Wang Kun can die defending his country with weapons. There is no difference between adulthood and adulthood.

There is a cloud in the Book of Songs: "The mountains are full of sorrow, and Ji is full of splendor. If you don't see your son, you will see madness. " Zizi is favored by Zheng Zhuanggong because of her beauty. Mencius couldn't have been unaware that Zi's backstabbing hurt people, but when he mentioned Zi, he couldn't help exclaiming, "As for Zi, everyone knows its beauty. Those who don't know the beauty of their children are also blind. " People who don't know how beautiful they are have no eyes. Mencius kept a noble spirit all day, and he was reluctant to say a few good words to the monarch, but when he mentioned it, he was completely carefree and fascinated. It can be seen that Mencius also appreciated men's sexuality.

Men prevailed in Jin Dynasty. People not only advocate women's color, but also men's color, but men must look like women to be handsome. Hans Zhang once wrote a poem "Zhou Xiaoshi", praising a beautiful young man like this: "Pian Zhou was born in Yongrong House. Five years in ten years are like the sun in the east. The aroma is soft, shiny and red. Yong Lian, Han Lian. Your shape is beautiful and your clothes are fresh. The light car flies with the wind and the fog is flowing. Turn to one side and look around. Smile with Yanshan and be kind to others. "

Similarly, lesbianism was quite common in ancient China and was tolerated by people at that time. As long as there is no excessive behavior, people think that lesbian relationship is an inevitable custom in boudoir, and even when it leads to self-sacrifice or dedication to love, it is praised by people. Li Yu, a famous talent in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote a drama with this theme, which tells the love story of a beautiful woman who loves beauty. Cao Yu's beauty and body fragrance are different from ordinary people, while Cui pays equal attention to poetry and strategy. They gradually fell in love with their poetry friends, planted roots, and vowed to be married in the afterlife.

Lesbians were in an extremely tragic situation in the Qing Dynasty. "Yueyou Xiaozhi" records: "Most women in Guangzhou are married by worshipping the League, named Jin Lanhui. After they got married, they never went back to their husband's house. If they push too hard, all the sisters will meet and commit suicide. After more than ten years, the atmosphere has changed again and again, but sister flowers are connected. When two women live together, one woman is bound to be uncomfortable. "Women in the Jin Lan Club are also called self-decorated women. All women who have signed the Jin Lan contract are invalid, and men are not allowed to get married. They vowed not to marry men, and even if they were forced to get married, they would not live in their husband's house or sleep with their husbands. Two women who form an alliance live together in pairs, feel like husband and wife, swear not to be negative, and choose their own heirs to inherit the property and be buried together after death.

In ancient moral concepts, men committed the great sin of women's disloyalty and dishonor. "Ethics" strongly advocates harmony between wives and concubines, so that wives and concubines in the family can live in harmony like sisters. Some people have feelings similar to homosexuality, but this relationship is mild and secret compared with adultery. As long as it does not pose a threat to the clan, men not only acquiesce, but even encourage it. However, when there is real love between women, it will inspire great changes. Compared with heterosexuality, the love between two women is more intense, and they often have disputes because of jealousy. This kind of thing often happens, even to the point of desperation, so that Confucian intellectuals are greatly frightened and use the power of political power and clan power to punish them. Chrysanthemum and Knife is Benedict's masterpiece in the United States and a representative one in Japanese cultural studies. He used chrysanthemums and knives to explain two cultural types of Japanese culture: advocating beauty and advocating martial arts. In fact, chrysanthemums also represent men's love. Because of its shape, chrysanthemum can vividly refer to men's love, and the most famous and long-lasting emotional story should be the story about chrysanthemum in Rain and Moon Tale. Because of this story, chrysanthemum is also called Cao Qi in Japan.

In Japan, love between the opposite sex is called femininity, and love between men is called masculinity. Moreover, male color was neither taboo nor immoral at that time. The most prominent phenomenon of male chauvinism is "multiple ways". The surnames of generals, famous generals and even warriors are mostly Toy Boy.

It is said that this custom was learned by Japanese monks when they came to the Tang Dynasty to learn from the scriptures. The Kamakura shogunate established a centralized samurai system. At that time, child molestation was just a fashionable thing for aristocratic officials in Shanmen, which could be said to be a status symbol. Ordinary samurai can't afford to play, and the upper class enjoys the actual patent right. Because men at that time spent most of their time on the battlefield, the solution of sexual desire was largely passed on to child molesters.

At the same time, in order to build an unbreakable warrior group, the concepts of etiquette and loyalty among warriors and between master and servant have been emphasized as never before. Child molestation has become the closest bodyguard around the Lord, which can also be said to be the last line of defense. If the two armies confront each other, the only one who can swear to protect the Lord is the child molester around him, which requires the child molester to have the courage and determination to die, and the kindness of sex at ordinary times will be most strongly reflected at this moment. Therefore, the child molesters in the Warring States period are different from those who were popular around the Gongqing Mountain Gate in the early days, and they also require superb martial arts. It is not surprising that there are 1 and 20 child molesters around Daming. Naoki Inoue and Benduo Zhongsheng among the four Tokugawa kings like this music. Guang Jia, the third generation general of the Edo shogunate, and Okaji, the fifth generation general, are friends in many aspects. In Greece, every man should attract a young man, act as his mentor and friend in his intimate daily life, and inspire him to learn all noble virtues. Any man who doesn't have a male lover will be considered to have failed in his duty. In sports, young men are naked, which makes men feast their eyes. Ancient Greece also had a special gay army, composed of men who loved each other. Ancient Greek philosophers believed that people who love each other can get the closest combination and improve their combat effectiveness.

After the demise of ancient Greece, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire inherited the male culture of ancient Greece, and many Roman emperors had their own Toy Boy.

In ancient Greece, not only gay men but also lesbians were very popular at that time. Some lesbians took part in wars and hunting activities and married another woman. They got along like husband and wife.

It is said that the poetess Sappho founded a girls' school in Lesbos. Her poems are very famous and praised by Plato as the tenth muse. Although she had a husband and a daughter, it was not long before she chose to leave her husband and family. Sappho's marriage is unfortunate. As a talented woman, she can't stand the combination of no communication and no soul.

In her twenties, Sappho founded a girls' school in Lesbos, teaching poetry, music, etiquette and even beauty and clothing. The nobles sent their daughters to school one by one. Sappho likes these beautiful young girls. She not only teaches them poetry and music, but also enthusiastically teaches them the art of love in her spare time. The poetry in her heart turned into deep affection in the morning and evening, and she fell in love with female classmates one after another. In ancient Greece, homosexuality prevailed between teachers and students. Teachers teach students to solve puzzles, and students reciprocate. Therefore, these poems with strong homosexual color were not banned at that time, but were widely spread. Even the currency used in Lesbos is the pattern of Sappho's head. But in the end, Sappho committed suicide by jumping into the sea because she was rejected by her lover, and died young. In addition, it is said that lesbians were more popular in Roman times than in ancient Greece.