On Sanming Folk Custom

According to Hakkas, the general custom is that the 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month is the day when the kitchen god goes to heaven. Every household washes pots and pans, lights candles and sets off firecrackers at night, and sacrifices to the kitchen god with wine, rice, kitchen candy and kitchen cakes. It is said that this is to silence the kitchen god and let him "do good in heaven and go back to the palace to keep safe." Every household also lights a bamboo "gossip lamp" when delivering stoves, and it will not go out until the fifteenth day of the first month, which is called "ever-burning lamp".

On New Year's Day, adults and children get up in the early morning, put on new clothes and open the door with guns in order to open the door. Youxi people should eat "sweet" before cooking ginger and brown sugar tea. Breakfast is vegetarian, or noodles, or soup balls, symbolizing longevity and reunion; Shaxian breakfast must have garlic, tofu, red head vegetables (spinach) and so on. Everything in the new year is cost-effective, rich and open. On the first day of the old society, people often went to temples to worship gods and ancestors and pray for peace; When neighbors meet, they bow to each other and say "Happy New Year" and "Congratulations on getting rich". On this day, adults and children are forbidden to say unlucky things. If the bowl is broken, say "broken (old) broken (old) safe"; The child stumbled and said, "pick up the ingot"; Injured and bleeding, it is called "seeing red is happy" ... On the morning of the first day, people in a village in Jiangle still have the custom of fighting for the first water by wells and streams, which is called "taking the first water test", which means that everything comes first in the New Year.

From the second day of junior high school, people began to visit relatives and friends and pay New Year greetings to each other. Generally, don't pay New Year's greetings empty-handed. They should bring cakes, sweets and brown sugar to their elders. When returning from New Year's greetings, the host family should give back gifts of the same value, which is called "reciprocity".

Sanming > Folk Custom > Shaxian Shouxi

When it comes to Shaxian County, people will naturally think of flavor snacks. Nowadays, Shaxian snack has become a brand. No matter whether you go to the south or the north, every city has Shaxian snacks to build a beautiful scenery. As we all know, Shaxian is eye-catching and this kind of snack? Shaxian Shoulder Play has not only walked out of the mountain gate, but also crossed the ocean, and is well-known at home and abroad for its enchanting local charm and unique charm of childlike interest.

Shoulder strike, also known as shoulder level. According to the Records of Shaxian County, during the period of Xuan Tong in Qing Dynasty, folk dramas in Shaxian County were very active, and various troupes competed to perform. The foreman of Yuzhen Pavilion, even the refined dog, is ingenious from time to time, creating a shoulder play in which children stand on the shoulders of adults. During the performance, children around 8 years old stand on the shoulders of adults and perform. Children are responsible for singing, head expression and hand movements, while adults are responsible for leg movements when the stage position changes. Drama can be divided into life, Dan, Jing, Wei and Ugliness. What role does the child play, and adults walk the catwalk; Children are carefully selected and usually well trained. Standing on the shoulders of adults, not only do you not have stage fright, but you also sing with clear pronunciation and mellow voice and beautiful figure. Adults are more unambiguous, or run, or jump, or step, or lunge, or step ... They skillfully cooperate with the children on their shoulders according to the needs of the plot, and they are tacit and integrated.

Shaxian Shoulder Play is a unique folk traditional art in China. Unique acting skills, beautiful singing, compatible with various tunes and informal venues are known as "wonderful folk art on the shoulders". Earlier, it used the most popular folk tunes to play with drums, such as Little Cowherd, Irrigation Tank and Biography of Flowers. Later, Nanci tunes were used to perform plays such as Catch the Boat. Later, it developed into performances such as Yellow Crane Tower, Pinggui Bieyao and Shiro's Visit to Mother. In the past, every holiday, shoulder play would be staged in the streets and lanes, and wherever it went, it was very popular.

Nowadays, Shaxian's shoulder play is rejuvenating, bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new, learning from others' strengths and presenting it to the world with a brand-new attitude. On the afternoon of 23rd, 2000 1 year1month, Shaxian Shoulder Troupe participated in the grand opening performance of "Celebrating year of the snake with Ten Thousand Families" held in the square in front of Macau Pavilion, and He Houhua, Chief Executive of Macao Special Administrative Region, watched the performance with great interest. A local reporter wrote in a special report: "For local residents, shoulder play is a rare art program. Children around the age of five or six stand on the shoulders of the strong man, singing and dancing in costumes and performing in melodious music. It is a special kind of drama with high difficulty. " In the second half of the same year, Shaxian Shoulder Troupe participated in the Fifth Folk Art Festival in China with new plays such as "Pig Eight Rings Visiting the Mountain" and won the gold medal.

Sanming > Folk Custom > Tea Cave Pit Deng

In the annual Lantern Festival in Taining City, the fish lanterns in Chadongkeng are the most pleasing to the eye, so they are favored by people.

Chadongkeng Village is only 20 miles away from the county seat and is located in a small basin surrounded by mountains and beautiful scenery. At present, there are 120 households with more than 490 people in the village, all surnamed Zou, and they belong to a rich family with the third generation ancestors of Sanjiu under Song Jinshi Zou Weibo. This village has a history of more than 600 years. People who have been here all lamented the hospitality of the people in the village, praising: "This is an extremely rare land with unique advantages."

The village is high-lying, mountainous and with big ridges. Generations have been farming, and people's work is not easy. They have worked hard for a year. In order to eliminate fatigue, celebrate the bumper harvest of that year and pray for good luck in the coming year, a few days are always set aside in the first month of each year to carry out mass lantern-playing activities that are spontaneously organized, written, performed and rewarded. This entertaining folk fish lantern activity began in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty. Because the masses have regarded it as a traditional custom of "Range Rover and Lucky", it has a strong vitality. Up to now, it has a history of 180 years and enjoys a long reputation.

The fish lamp in Chadongkeng is different from other kinds of lamps. It is replaced every year, improved every year and innovated constantly. Therefore, it has high technical level and appreciation value. Although it is not very complicated to make a fish lamp, the process requirements are very delicate and meticulous.

First of all, the fish lamp model is made of good bamboo materials. Fish head and tail are very important. In order to make it independently, this material should be cut finely and smoothly, so that it has strong flexibility and authenticity after being made. Double-sided cheeks should be carefully made, and the curvature of the frame depends entirely on the spirituality and feel of the producer, so as to make a symmetrical and accurate head and tail appearance.

Secondly, fish scales cut flowers, which is a very detailed process, paying great attention to measurement and straightness. The balance is made of thin and smooth red paper. Cutting scales on red paper is operated with sharp scissors. Fish scales should not be cut too thin, and their thickness should be consistent with the size of the formwork, that is, in an appropriate proportion to the size of the whole fish.

Third, stick scales, be very careful. The operation sequence is as follows: first, paste on the surface of the prepared skeleton model, and then paste a thin layer of cotton yarn white paper as the base material; Then stick the cut scale paper on the white paper. When pasting paper, tighten the paper with both hands, but control the appropriate strength to avoid breaking the scales. Only when the obvious fish scales are pulled out can they be pasted, so that the fish scales will be naturally exposed, giving people an intuitive and three-dimensional view of the fish scales.

Fourth, touch the eye, draw gills and wings. This process requires a certain artistic foundation, which is generally mastered by a skilled lighting master and painted in three different shades of red, blue and black.

Fifth, it is lighting. Fish lights are active at this particular time of night. The reason why it is called "fish lamp" is the combination of fish and lamp. The two interact and complement each other. The lamp is installed in the belly of the fish, and with the help of the lamp at night, the appearance characteristics and activity scenes of the fish are set off, that is, the above-mentioned people have an intuitive three-dimensional sense. The production of this kind of lamp is very simple. Put white rice and tea oil in a cup, then put an ancient copper coin with a hole in the middle, and insert a white belt in the hole to make a wick. Because the fuel is real tea oil, when the lamp is lit, it will give off a strong fragrance. This kind of lighting lamp is also called "tea oil lamp". Finally, a portable bamboo handle is attached, thus completing a fish lamp. Accurately speaking, the caviar lamp in Chadongkeng is a "carp lamp", which is also called "auspicious lamp".

Every year, the fish lanterns played in Chadongkeng are made and lit by every household, but the production is centralized and unified. The production time is usually from the fourth day of the first month to the sixth day of the first month, and there is a special person to teach the basic common sense and technical essentials of making lanterns. Therefore, every time you make a lamp, it is not only a practical process to complete the production task, but also an excellent opportunity to learn from each other and watch and learn. After the fish lanterns are made, everyone hangs on their altars and lights them every night to show brilliance and good luck. It is this collective way that shows that Hakka people can make lanterns and everyone can play. Therefore, the mass fish lantern activities in this village can always be passed down from generation to generation.

The industrious and intelligent people in Chadongkeng not only make fish lanterns beautifully, but also have a wonderful time. They like fishing lanterns because they have an indissoluble bond with "fish". As the saying goes, "fish and water are deep" is vividly reflected in them. Lantern dragon consists of four parts: carp lamp, bear fish lamp, five-pointed star lamp and Chairman Mao's portrait lamp. Chairman Mao's portrait lamp and five-pointed star lamp were added after liberation. The addition of these two kinds of lamps means that the people in Chadongkeng have entered a brand-new socialist era from the dark old society, and the people have been liberated since then to express their gratitude to Chairman Mao and the * * * Production Party. The arrangement order of lanterns and dragons is: the first one is the portrait lamp of Chairman Mao, followed by a pair of five-pointed star lamps and a pair of bear fish lamps, followed by dozens of carp lamps. The leaders of the lanterns are five people, all of whom are old, prestigious and skilled. All lantern bearers have a high degree of self-discipline, that is, they are kind-hearted, focused, energetic and orderly. They should not only dance vividly, but also avoid burning lanterns, so as to ensure happy, lively, lively and safe entertainment charm and show prosperity, development and auspicious future. On the happy night of the fifteenth day of the first month of every year, people are full of food and drink, every household lights up and men, women and children go out. When the leader of the fish lantern gave the order, all the young men holding the lantern cheered up, raised their own fish lanterns in succession, and joined the ranks of the lanterns in high spirits, forming a mighty lantern dragon in an instant. Therefore, the long lantern dragon, coupled with the sonorous gongs and drums and firecrackers of "Tea East Pit, Tea East Pit, Tea East Pit", made the small village of Tea East Pit boil instantly. It's a lively scene with lights like dragons, people like streams and songs like tides. There is a clan worry-free hall in Chadongkeng village. The central column beam of this hall is 5.5 meters high, 6 meters wide and 6.6 meters long, covering an area of 39.6 square meters. This hall is called the ancient ancestral temple, and all the important events in the village, such as weddings, funerals and celebrations, are held in this hall. Of course, the fish lanterns on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month and the Lantern Festival are all active in the hall first. The dancing lights started with three earth-shattering "three-needle spears". At this time, two rows of fish lights enter the gate from both sides in front of the gate at the same time. In the hall, firecrackers rang, gongs and drums rang, and the fish lights were right on. The performance was very beautiful and the scene was spectacular. After jumping in the hall for a while, the fish lantern extended to the open air in front of the village. At this time, I saw the fish lanterns playing more and more fiercely, the firecrackers getting louder and louder, the sound of gongs and drums, firecrackers and the loud noise of the "three products" intertwined, and the fish lanterns activities lasted for two hours before and after, making the whole village brightly lit, colorful and surging, and an unusually lively atmosphere. Yes! At the beginning of the year, people's joy, joy, blessings and good luck, as well as beautiful ideals and sustenance, seem to be condensed in this joy. After playing in the village, the fish lantern entered the county seat, pushing the fish lantern activity to a climax. There is no uniform time to go to town. Some years are on the night of June 7, and some years are arranged on the night of Lantern Festival. On the day of entering the city, the lantern team had an early dinner. After a little preparation, they hurried down the mountain, singing and lighting a street lamp, and came to the county seat with great interest. Tea Dongkeng has always been famous for playing gongs and drums, because their melodies are beautiful, rhythmical and undulating, and they can be heard far and near. Especially in their gongs and drums, there is also a homonym similar to the word "tea pit". So, from a distance, as soon as I heard the sound of gongs and drums, I knew it was a fish lamp from Chadongkeng. Often the fish lights have not entered the city, and the sound of gongs and drums has entered the city. People in the city were overjoyed when they heard the fish lamp coming from Tea East Pit, so men, women and children flocked to the street to enjoy the lamp. The fish lantern team is cautious about the performances of the city people, because they are determined to feast their eyes on the city people with their unique charm of fish lanterns and let them have a happy Lantern Festival night. To this end, the fish lantern team in Chadongkeng followed the life habits and swimming movements of carp in the water and performed a complete performance according to the five arrangements of frolicking, companionship, surfing, getting out of the water and jumping over the Longmen. Especially the scene of yue longmen, a carp, is particularly vivid. I saw pairs of red carp jumping out of the water, from low to high, and then jumping straight over the Longmen, setting off the fish lamp vividly. Coupled with the close cooperation of gongs and drums, the whole performance is compact, with distinct rhythm, extremely wonderful and touching artistic effect. In this case, it is hard to believe that this is a lamp, just like a live fish swimming around in the water, which really makes the fish lamp come alive. The audience said: Looking at the fish lanterns of Cha Dongkang makes people feel that this is an artistic enjoyment.

Sanming city > folk customs > Hakka love songs

Sanming Hakka is the hometown of folk songs. After the "Yongjia Rebellion" in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Han nationality in the Central Plains moved south to avoid natural and man-made disasters such as war, famine and plague. After many hardships, I came to this paradise in northwest Fujian to live and multiply. For thousands of years, Hakka ancestors and indigenous people have lived in peace, and Central Plains culture and Fujian-Vietnam culture have blended and infiltrated each other. In order to express feelings and express feelings, many Hakka folk songs with unique characteristics have been created.

In the long historical years, Sanming folk songs and local folk customs have merged into one furnace, which has an earthy flavor and has become an indispensable part of people's cultural life. Hakka love songs, in particular, express young people's pursuit of love, longing for happiness, contempt for feudal ethics and resistance to feudal marriage with fiery and healthy emotions, vivid images and humorous and refined language. Like a clear spring, refreshing.

Hakka love songs are mostly seven-character quatrains, rhyming every other sentence, with four names and four paragraphs, and various forms. There are also duets and songs, which are deeply loved by the masses.

Sanming > Folk Custom > Shibi Custom

Shibi, a small mountain village that attracts the attention of Hakkas, has attracted more and more people's attention. Not only Hakka scholars come in droves to explore the mystery, but also tourists come in an endless stream, all wanting to appreciate her extraordinary charm and unveil her mysterious veil. What is particularly fascinating is the folk customs of Shek Pik, which reminds us of the splendid culture of ancient China, the persistent beliefs of Hakkas and the customs of the Central Plains that have remained in Shek Pik so far. No matter the study of Shibi or Hakka, we should start with the study of the customs of Shibi and reveal its profound cultural connotation. The purpose of studying customs is to "explore the origin of modern social systems, customs and beliefs, and analyze the motives of various folk customs and behaviors that affect national life." The purpose of discussing Shibi custom is also here, but it is also the "most interesting and valuable subject" in all knowledge.

First, the formation of Shek Pik custom

The most striking features of customs are popularity, inheritance, regionality and stability. After a custom is formed among the people, it becomes an established code of conduct for the local people. However, some customs that violated the political, legal and social systems of the dynasty were strictly restricted by the feudal rulers of past dynasties, but after they were deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, they were handed down from generation to generation and were difficult to change. Even under the harsh political system, once the social system changes, it will rise again. From this perspective, customs have a profound impact on the politics and society of a place. This is precisely to make it clear that after the formation of this unique custom, Shibi has not changed fundamentally after a long history and repeated political shocks, and it can continue to this day and maintain the legacy of the ancient customs in the Central Plains. The fundamental reason is its stability and inheritance, which has formed the norms of moral behavior in people's lives. Shibi custom is an integral part of China folk culture and social customs, which alludes to the special spiritual outlook of Hakka people.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to many factors such as war, famine or government rewards, the Han people in the Central Plains struggled and fled to the south in batches. In the process of moving south, most of them stayed in the stone wall. Especially the second large-scale migration in the Tang Dynasty, which settled in Shibi for a long time and had a large population, created extremely favorable conditions for the formation of Shibi customs. Professor Chen Yundong pointed out in Hakka Dialect: "After a war, the main force of Hakka immigrants moved from the south bank of the Yangtze River to the mountainous areas of southern Jiangxi, and later they were planted in the areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi based on Ninghua." The influx of a large number of immigrants, mostly from the Central Plains, has similar customs, such as weddings, funerals, production, life, clothing, language, festivals and so on. , are the original area is extensive.

The special historical position of Shibi determines that the custom of Shibi is not isolated. It is an important part of China culture. On the important basis of the formation of the custom of stone walls, as early as thousands of years ago, ancient porcelain specimens from ancient kiln sites in Tang Dynasty, such as Chixia Kiln in Huaiyang, Huaitu Township, were unearthed, which proved the long history of stone walls with ancient, silent and resolute language.

When did humans live in stone walls? I have never read these materials. Judging from the history of human activities in Fujian, there were traces of human activities before the Tang Dynasty. At least three or four thousand years. According to the records of Fujian ancestors and the pre-Qin classic Zhou Li Paper Mill Stone, there is no doubt that the so-called "Seven Min" includes stone walls. Zheng Xuan, a Confucian scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, believed that there were seven different tribes in Fujian. Xu Shen, on the other hand, thinks it is a tribe active in the southeast of South Baiyue, and it is a totem that worships snakes. Historical Records and Hanshu said: "Fujian ancestors were used to water, so it was convenient to use boats." When talking about the situation in Fujian and Vietnam, Han Shu Yan Chuan said: "People who get tattoos on land outside Vietnam are also people." . Whether these records are related to the ancestors of Shibi, the author can't arbitrarily verify. To be sure, before Hakkas poured into the stone wall in large numbers, the stone wall was once a place where aborigines thrived. No matter how large the indigenous population is, they have formed relatively primitive customs in their life. Because a large number of Han people come from the Central Plains and live in Shibi, their living environment and customs are impacted. The "robbing relatives in the middle of the night", "lighting candles" and "robbing the bride behind" left over from Shibi customs are undoubtedly the legacy of Shibi aborigines' struggle for a new society and worship of Vulcan. This is an aboriginal culture, which also includes the immigrant culture of Hakkas moving south. After the spread of Central Plains culture, it gradually developed and formed in the long-term historical practice. The essence of the development of Shibi custom lies in its acceptance and inheritance of the collision between the orthodox culture of the Central Plains and the local culture, its absorption of various nutrients and its rich development. It not only inherits the tradition of Confucian customs, but also permeates and integrates the customs of immigrant areas and local aborigines. Although a large number of Hakka ancestors came one after another and settled in Shibi, the infiltration of indigenous folk customs cannot be ruled out. The mutual integration and infiltration of Han and indigenous folk customs make some relatively simple folk customs present rich and diverse connotations, forming a unique folk color of Shibi. Subsequently, the aborigines were gradually assimilated and interpreted as Hakka culture, leading the development of Shibi society. Hakkas constitute the main body of Shek Pik and the form of Hakka culture, which is the basis for the formation of Shek Pik folk customs.

The formation of the unique customs of Shibi is based on the following conditions: 1, geographical conditions. There is a huge basin of about 200 square kilometers in Shibi, which is rich in aquatic plants and dense forests, and there is a cobweb-like stream, which is the source of Minjiang River, Ganjiang River and Hanjiang River. At the junction with the ancient city of Jiangxi, there is the southern section of Wuyishan as a barrier, and Ling Zhan, which is no more than 10 km away from the stone wall, is the main passage between Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. There are large areas of land for reclamation and large basins for habitation, and the geographical conditions are superior. 2. Historical conditions. During the great cause of Sui Dynasty (605 ~ 6 17), Luo Jun, a witch, moved from Nanping to Huanglian Cave (called Ninghua in ancient times) with her father. Wu led a large number of people to reclaim land in Shibi area, "cutting mountains and logging, boating in Wu", transporting timber to all parts of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River for sale, communicating and promoting economic and cultural exchanges between Shibi and cities along the Yangtze River. At the same time, building castles, resisting bandits, achieving economic prosperity and social stability attracted Hakka ancestors to settle here. 3. Traffic conditions. Due to the barrier of Wuyi Mountain, it is far away from frequent wars, does not listen to cutting drums, and rarely contacts with other ethnic groups, other countries and other ethnic groups, forming a long-term closed state. Because many ancestors of the Central Plains lived in one place, the customs and habits of all parts of the Central Plains have infiltrated and merged, and evolved into the unique style of Shibi. In the long river of years, they adhered to the side of Xanadu, maintained the simple folk customs of the Central Plains, and fully demonstrated the tenacious characteristics of small production.

2. In what ways did Shibi custom preserve the heritage of the ancient Central Plains?

1, from the wedding. Marriage is the basis of human beings' prosperity and the greatest beauty of life. Since ancient times, there has been a rule that "the same surname does not marry". The marriage in Shibi basically maintains the ancient style of the Central Plains, and the main forms are employment marriage, adopted marriage, child bride, sister-in-law exchange with A Lang's elder sister and aunt, relatives collection, ghost marriage and so on. After liberation, with the improvement of women's status, concubinage and ghost marriage were abolished. The marriage in Shibi generally follows the "parents' orders and the words of the matchmaker". In the long feudal era, most of them arranged cigarettes for weddings. Wedding etiquette also reproduces the ancient red tape in the Central Plains, mainly including: opening birthdays, sending fruits, sending days and visiting relatives. Visit three times after marriage, cook for five generations, wash hands in six dynasties, send rattan plates at full moon, etc. It lasted for a month and the climax of the festival quietly disappeared. There is also a strange wedding custom in Shibi, that is, the newlyweds spend a candlelight night in their bridal chamber. After the "noisy room", there are still some people eavesdropping and peeking around the new house and outside the window. Someone even sneaked into the new house and stole the bride's embroidered shoes. When they return them to their original owners the next day, the bride must accompany a banquet, which indicates good luck.

As the population of Shibi moved out for hundreds of years, most surnames left Shibi, leaving only Zhang who settled in Shibi and became the main surname of Shibi. After hundreds of years of reproduction, the population has gradually increased, but the "unmarried surname" has restricted the development of future generations. They can't marry a distant surname, and marriage has finally become a big problem for Zhang Zu. After repeated discussions by our ancestors, the 17th ancestor of the Zhangjia family in Fujian finally made up his mind to amend the regulation of "no intermarriage with the same surname" in the genealogy, and broke through the solid wall. With the village avenue as the boundary, it is divided into listed markets, with temples in the east and west, and genealogy of all ethnic groups. Since the eighteenth ancestor, the children of the Zhang family in the upper and lower cities can marry, completely ending the history of "no marriage with the same surname". This is a great measure for the ancestors of Shibi to face the reality and be brave in reform, which has solved a big problem that has plagued them for a long time.

2, from the funeral etiquette. Death is the ultimate destination of life, as important as marriage. Even the funeral etiquette is more grand than the birthday ceremony. Although people strongly dislike complicated funerals, they dare not cross the line. They have been strictly passed down from generation to generation and have never crossed the line. It is still deeply rooted and hard to get rid of. The most important thing in the funeral is to measure life expectancy, that is, the death of an old man over 60 years old, which is called "white filial piety" and shows the filial piety of children with solemn etiquette. Funeral etiquette mainly includes mourning, coffin lowering and sending out. After the event, we should do seven things: observe filial piety, celebrate the anniversary, build graves for sacrifice, pay special attention to building graves, and pay attention to Feng Shui in the choice of graves. The construction of the tomb is generally similar to that of Hakka dwellings, which allows the deceased to have a place to live under Jiuquan without being poisoned, expressing the Hakka people's infinite respect for their ancestors.

3. From holiday customs. Shibi people have inherited the characteristics and customs of traditional festivals, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival, which are generally consistent with the customs in many parts of the country, but slightly different, showing their own unique characteristics. Shibi people also have their own festivals, called "July and a half". This is a festival that spans lonely souls and ghosts, and carries out lonely activities, burning paper money and inserting incense for dead relatives, similar to Purdue in southern Fujian. Shibi people eat seven kinds of soup for breakfast on the seventh day of the first month. That is, choose celery, onion, leek, meat, fish, rice fruit and so on. Cook with rice soup to make soup. It means that eating seven kinds of soup can be diligent, smart, long-lasting, redundant, rich and reunion, which fully expresses people's expectations for a new life. There is a ballad that can well express the charm of seven kinds of soups, that is, "Eat seven kinds of soups, and start to cook sporadically". It is suggested that people should not relax at home after the Spring Festival and need to work hard. Every festival is a kind of encouragement, joy, auspiciousness and celebration for Hakkas, full of new longing for life, and expressing their unique desire to entrust enterprises with their own unique emotions and ways.

4. Worship the gods. Religious beliefs and customs have a profound influence on the villagers in Shibi. The worship of villagers in Shibi mainly includes Feng Shui worship, ancestor worship and deity worship.

Geomantic omen is not only the sustenance of Shibi people, but also the sustenance of Hakkas seeking wealth. For example, when moving, the choice of villages, the burial of the deceased in the treasure house of geomantic omen, and the choice of building address all follow geomantic omen. For the sake of feng shui treasure land, it did not hesitate to spend a lot of money to buy it, and even interpreted the long-term unremitting struggle between village houses, surnames and housing families, and even paid the price of life.

Shibi people worship their ancestors and are full of strong religious colors. Ancestor worship and deity worship are integrated and closely combined. In different ways and channels, we should do a good job in good-neighborly relations within the nation, unite the nation, and make full use of ancestral family training to educate future generations. In fact, training comes from the Confucian system to a great extent, which is not only of positive significance to the national code of conduct in feudal times, but also of practical significance to today's spiritual civilization. For example, many ancestors' family precepts have evolved into village rules and regulations, which have a strong binding force and become the behavior norms of villagers, creating a new social atmosphere and promoting stability and unity.

Third, the spread of Shibi custom.

Shibi custom not only inherits the ancient customs of the Central Plains, but also combines with the reality of the guest land. After the integration and transformation, it presents the characteristics of diversity, comprehensiveness and originality, which casts the spirit of Hakka people and makes them have the excellent character of hard work, perseverance, pioneering and enterprising, and United struggle, which is highly praised by Hakka scholars at home and abroad. The nature of these people is formed in the "special social and historical environment" and tempered for their own ecology and development in the harsh natural struggle and class struggle.

During the second great migration, many scattered villages were formed due to the long-term detention of a large number of Han people in the Central Plains in Shibi, and the unique customs after inheritance, integration and transformation were also formed. When the ancestors of Shibi moved to the south in an organized way and opened up a new place to make a living, they naturally brought the customs that Shibi had formed to their new homes, where they continued to spread from generation to generation.

From the aspect of clothing, there are boat-shaped bun, big-breasted coat, black trousers with lace, wide-headed holes, apron, flower shoes and so on. Men's double-breasted shirts, children's lion's head shoes, etc. With the relocation of Shibi people, it has spread to Jiaying, Taiwan Province and other places. Although some Hakkas in Taiwan Province Province live in towns and wear suits and jackets, the old people like to wear traditional clothes, and a large part of them are left behind after Wu's descendants moved to Taiwan Province Province.

In terms of diet, Shibi people live in mountainous areas, and most farmland crops grow rice and sweet potatoes. Take rice as the staple food. Prepare dry meals three times a day, supplemented by sweet potatoes. There are edible rice noodles, tofu, tea, water wine and instant noodles. These dietary customs are popular not only in Hakka areas in Fujian and Guangdong, but also in Taiwan Province Province. Moreover, the spicy taste of Shibi people has spread to Sichuan and Hunan.

During the Dragon Boat Festival, kudzu vine and mugwort leaves are hung on the doors of every household. According to legend, this custom originated in Shibi, and later spread to Hakka areas such as western Fujian and Guangdong, but other non-Hakka areas in northern Fujian and Guangdong were also affected by this. The story originated from the Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. Huang Chao ordered the army not to commit crimes in the place where Kudzu was hung. Sure enough, wherever Huang Chao's army went, the villages where Kudzu was hung were spared from disasters, which eventually became a custom and spread widely.

The wedding customs of Shibi retain the ancient customs of the Central Plains, which are consistent with the Hakka areas, but differ in some subtle details.

Why can Shibi custom spread to many areas of Hakka? The important reason is that the ancient customs in the Central Plains have been preserved, and with the migration of the ancestors of Shibi, various customs have been brought over and spread in new areas. Some customs have been melted, changed, or given new content, or replaced by customs in new areas for various reasons. The Hakka people's custom of remembering and paying homage to their ancestors is the most solemn and pious, which fully expresses the Hakka people's obsession with their ancestors and fully shows the close relationship between Hakka people.