Role of yurt Material Location Structure and Cultural Characteristics

Materials and Structure

The yurt consists of three main parts: wood, felt and rope. It is not made of mud, water, adobe, brick or tile, and the raw materials are either wood or wool.

The yurt is spacious and comfortable inside, it is made of special wooden frame as "hana" (fence support of yurt), surrounded by two to three layers of woolen felt, and then tied with horsehair or camel's hair twisted into a rope, the top of which is used as a support for the "uunai" and covered with "buleh", and it is also made of "khaki". The top is supported by the "Unai" and covered with "boules" to give it the shape of a canopy. The rounded tip of the roof has a skylight, "tauhou," and is covered with a four-sided piece of woolen felt, "uzhiho.

Ordinary yurt, about ten feet to fifteen feet high between. Around the package with wicker cross weave five feet high, seven feet long diamond-shaped mesh inner wall, the Mongolian language it is called "Hana".

2. Role

Can be ventilated, light, easy to build, but also easy to dismantle and move, suitable for rotational grazing to go live.

The yurt's door opens to the southeast, which can avoid the strong cold air of Siberia, and also inherits the ancient tradition of taking the direction of the sunrise as auspicious.

3. Culture

A form of construction known by the name of yurt is a major innovation of the nomadic peoples of Asia. This early form of HOS may have been used by earlier nomadic peoples of Asia, and later many nomadic peoples used it or dwellings similar to it for longer or shorter periods of time. An early form of human construction in which wooden poles were the main supporting material.

In the process of its development, two major schools of thought were formed: one is the traditional architecture of the Oroqen people of China, the Xierenzhu style (Xierenzhu in Oroqen means "wooden pole house"), i.e., the pointed roof, the thatched roof made of animal skin or tree bark and grass leaves. Siberian Ewenki (Ewenki) people's houses, American Indian Tibi and the Nordic Sámi people's high A Di or La house are of this type. The other type is the yurt type, i.e., domed with rounded walls and using mainly felt as its covering.

A yurt is usually for a husband and wife and their children. Newlyweds to build a new package, some are accompanied by the bride's parents. Families with good financial conditions or more dependents, a family has several yurts. But where there are more than two yurts in the family, it is the elders who live in the westernmost yurt.

For many centuries, the yurt has been the most representative feature of this nation. As the famous Danish explorer Henning Haslam said: "The sacred flame of the yurt is the center of family and tribal life. It is here that tradition is born. Those languages and atmospheres which surround the yurt and which have the most ancient and essential characteristics of the tribe are passed down from generation to generation and serve as a bridge between the ancient and the modern."

4. Location

The core area of the Ordos Grassland includes a Mongolian camp and a ger cluster of more than 300 yurts.

In recent times, international research on yurts has been more active. Mr. Wu Wenzao, a Chinese anthropologist, went to Xilingol League in the 1930s to study yurts and published a report on his expedition, "The Mongolian Yurt", in which he wrote: "The yurt is the most prominent feature of the material culture of the Mongols. It can be said that to understand everything about the yurt is to understand the reality of the Mongolian people in general." This sentence eloquently points out the important position that the yurt occupies in the nomadic life.

Contemporary scholars, such as Inner Mongolia's Garlindal, Mongolia's Maidar, Dali Surong, Sharibdorj, etc. have published monographs on the study of yurts, of which Maidar, Dali Surong co-authored the book "yurts," combined with archaeology, anthropology, history, folklore, architecture and other multidisciplinary knowledge, a more comprehensive study of yurts. Scholar Guo Yuqiao wrote the "detailed description of the yurt", for China's most detailed yurt monograph. ?

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