How did containers develop?

After World War II, with the development of science and technology and the improvement of shipbuilding technology, giant transport ships and containers appeared. Because the goods with different sizes, difficult loading and unloading, and easy to be damaged are concentrated in a reusable special container, this whole container transportation is convenient for mechanized loading and unloading, and the goods in the container do not need to be inverted when the railway, highway and waterway are combined. In this way, the three-dimensional development of transportation, combined transport of water, land and air, has become a very important revolution in the history of transportation. The advantage of container is to shorten the loading and unloading time; Improve the ship turnover rate and save the packaging cost; Reduce transportation costs and avoid damage and theft; Facilitate the combined transport between various transportation departments. Container transportation also has some disadvantages, such as high investment, low loading capacity (weight and volume), complicated management, high container maintenance cost and few ports of call. Comparatively speaking, in terms of economic benefits, its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages. Developing container transportation is the trend of the world. At present, there are more than 200 container ports and more than 600 berths in the world, with an annual throughput of more than 300 million tons, accounting for about 35% of the world's total grocery transportation. According to the statistics of 1982, the world's 10 container ports are: ① Rotterdam, with an annual throughput of 2158,000 TEUs; ② new york, with an annual throughput of 6.5438 million TEU+0.909 million TEU; ③ Hong Kong, with an annual throughput of 6,543,800 TEUs+660,000 TEUs; ④ Kobe, with an annual loading and unloading capacity of 6.5438+0.504 million TEUs; ⑤ Singapore, annual processing1174000teu; ⑥ Kaohsiung, annual processing1173000 TEU; ⑦ Hamburg, with an annual throughput of 889,000 TEUs; (8) San Juan (Puerto Rico) handles 873,000 TEUs annually; Pet-name ruby Antwerp, annual loading and unloading of 846 thousand TEUs; Attending Yokohama, with an annual throughput of 843,000 TEUs. At the end of 1970s, China also started the container transportation business. There are container terminals in Shanghai, Dalian, Qingdao, Guangzhou, Huangpu and other ports. Railway, automobile, inland river shipping and other departments also participated in the combined transport.

Container automobile transportation