Why are there famous stones in Guangxi?

Why are so many strange stones gathered in Xi?

In recent years, Guangxi's ornamental stones are well-known at home and abroad, especially Liuzhou, which enjoys the reputation of "the capital of strange stones" and "Liuzhou's strange stones are the best in the world". From the early development of Guangxi Moshi and Caixia stone, especially with the discovery of Honghe stone in recent 10 years, Swan stone (plain stone and relief stone), Saddle stone (painted pottery stone, emerald stone, Yuanyang stone, etc.), Laibin stone (Laibin Blackstone, black pearl, rolling stone, pine bark stone, stone gallstone, etc. ), Dawan stone, Youlan stone, Sanjiang stone (colored pebbles, black pebbles, purple pebbles, waxwork, pear cobblestone, algae pebbles, etc. ) have been developed one after another.

With the continuous development of stone appreciation culture, the theoretical level of stone appreciation is also constantly improving. In the process of appreciating stone products, people gradually understand the rich connotation of each stone product from the surface to the deep, and naturally want to know why. Many Youshi people have repeatedly asked why so many high-grade stones have been found in Guangxi.

Ornamental stones are natural stones with ornamental value formed by various geological processes. The author discusses the genetic characteristics of many famous stones in Guangxi from the geological point of view.

Unique geological conditions.

At present, all kinds of ornamental stones have been found, except the whisper of meteorites. The original rocks of all kinds of stones are rocks of various geological ages, while Guangxi is located in the southwest of South China paraplatform, with well-developed strata in all ages. From Neoproterozoic to Quaternary, it is well exposed, with various sedimentary types, frequent magmatic activities and different changes, which provides very favorable basic conditions for the formation of ornamental stones. For example, the Neoproterozoic Hetong Formation (about 820 million years ago) is semi-deep-sea spilite, siliceous rock and jasper, which is the original rock that formed the "Sanjiang Stone"; In Permian of Upper Paleozoic (about 260-230 million years ago), basin-facies siliceous rocks and siliceous shale were deposited, which were the main strata for the formation of various famous stones in Guangxi. The above strata are one of the basic geological conditions for the formation of many famous stones in Guangxi. Secondly, more important are some high-grade stones, such as Sanjiang Stone, Saddle Stone, Laibin Stone, Dawan Stone, Traditional Chinese Painting Stone, Yang Xushi, Giant Fossil and Swan Stone. , are closely related to the volcanic activity in the above geological period.

Name Xishan, Guan Hai

Name Yushan Jingxiu

Sanjiangshi occurs in Sanmen area of Longsheng, which is the axis of compound anticline and consists of volcanic rocks in Xuefeng period. Its lithology is spilite keratophyre and quartz keratophyre formed by basic-neutral submarine volcanic eruption. The area has experienced three volcanic eruption cycles with different strengths. And magma eruption channels. The thermal contact metamorphism is strong, forming siliceous rocks, iron-bearing siliceous rocks, spilite, quartzite, jasper and veined quartz, which are the original rocks of colored pebbles and wax stones in Sanjiang. It can be said that submarine volcanic eruption created Sanjiang Shiyuan Rock.

Large fossil, produced in Hongshuihe section near Dahua Yantan, the original rock is siliceous rock deposited in Early Permian (about 260 million years ago), and there was basic magma in Variscan, which invaded and ejected. The intrusive rocks are diabase and the volcanic rocks are basalt with diabase structure. Because of the intermittent magmatic activity, siliceous rocks and clay rocks are often sandwiched in lava layers. Due to the contact metamorphism of keratinization, the degree of silicification of rocks is very high, commonly known as jade. The rock is hard and compact in structure, and is later impregnated with minerals, forming grass lines of different colors along joints and some capillaries, with clear and beautiful texture.

Because it is a medium-thick or thin-layer siliceous rock, interbedded with argillaceous rock with high silicification degree, large fossils have been weathered by water erosion in the later period, forming various landscape stones.

Laibin stone, produced in Hongshui River section of Laibin County, is represented by Lianzhou area, including black stone, black pearl, wrinkled stone and stone gall. The protolith of these stones also belongs to the Lower Permian, which is basically the same as that of large fossils, but the lithology is slightly different due to phase transformation, mainly gray-black siliceous rocks. At the same time, tuff and tuffaceous siliceous rocks were also deposited in Variscan volcanic activity, which were the original rocks that formed Laibin Blackstone and Black Pearl. The limestone containing flint lumps in the lower Permian is hard and weathering-resistant, and remains, that is, silicon dioxide and jade slurry bile are formed, which are dense and hard.

Ma 'anshan Stone, produced in Hongshui River near Ma 'an Village, Heshan City, is a set of gray-green siliceous rocks, tuffs, tuffaceous siliceous rocks and tuffaceous sandstone in the upper Dalong Formation of Upper Permian (about 230 million years ago). Similarly, Variscan volcanic eruption affected sedimentary rocks through contact metamorphism, and tuffaceous siliceous rocks in chloritization turned green or grayish green, which was emerald; There is also the infection of iron and manganese. Some saddle stones are brown, chestnut and brownish yellow, and some green ones look like painted pottery, so they are also called painted pottery stones as multicolored saddle stones.

Traditional Chinese painting stones are produced on both sides of Qianjiang River near the junction of Laibin County and wuxuan county. Its protolith is the Lower Permian Gufeng Formation about 250 million years ago. In most parts of Guangxi, the upper part of the Lower Permian is Maokou limestone, which has become a clastic facies, called Gufeng Formation, and is a set of medium or thin siliceous rocks and siliceous limestone. Secondly, a set of tuff and basalt was formed by the eruption of submarine volcano in Variscan period. The contact zone is affected by the action of heated liquid. In addition, other minerals carried by volcanic activity have disseminated rocks through joints, cracks and pores. In addition, there are sedimentary discontinuities after the deposition of Gufeng Formation, and the strata are pseudo-conformity. Some calcareous siliceous rocks with high Fe3+ content are deposited on the top, which are brick red or big red after weathering. In the weathered zone, groundwater fills joints and cracks with various minerals, forming Chinese painting stones with rich colors and diverse textures.

The name is turtle

Named dinosaur dream

To sum up, the formation of various ornamental stones in Guangxi is a very important geological factor influenced by magma intrusion or eruption, which is its unique geological condition.

The geographical environment is magical and unique.

Besides the unique geological conditions, the formation of ornamental stones plays a decisive role in the formation of ornamental stones.

The formation of various ornamental stones in Guangxi has a good geographical environment. First of all, there is a red river running through the whole area in the northwest direction. It has the characteristics of rapid flow, huge drop and different riverbeds, and often carries a lot of sediment, which has a strong scouring effect on rocks and a deep riverbed. Generally, medium and large stones are not far away. For thousands of years, stones have been soaked in the river water, washed by the river water and supported by minerals in the water. The stone species formed in Hongshui River include Swan Stone, Giant Fossil, Saddle Stone, Laibin Stone and Dawan Stone. The geographical environment of Dawan is particularly special. From Hongshui River to Dawan, the river forms an inverted U-shaped river. Most of the stones transported from the upstream are within 10cm in diameter, and the stones are of good quality with smooth and moist skins. Most of the stones are big fossils, saddle stones, guest stones and so on. Nature makes them small gems for appreciating stones. If there is no inverted U-shaped riverbed, these pebbles may turn into sand after handling and scouring, and cannot form Dawan stone.

Guangxi is located in the subtropical zone, where rock outcrops are generally good. At the same time, there is abundant rain, distinct cold and summer, and strong weathering of rocks. Sanmen River and Xiahua River, where Sanjiang Stone is located, are tributaries of the Yangtze River. Because of the high mountains, dense forests and abundant water resources in Weiqingling and Huaping forest farms, some heavy rains and flash floods have also played a great role in scouring and transporting rocks with developed joints and fissures, forming a lot of round and stable Sanjiang stones, with good washability and smoothness of stone skins. Most of them are very good in texture and have good collection value.

However, the resources of ornamental stones are limited, which requires us to cherish these treasures endowed by nature-human wealth.

To be happy, live long, healthy and peaceful