Civil engineering technical engineering paper 3000 words

Nowadays, with the continuous development of China's social economy, the construction technology of woodworking has also been continuously reformed and developed, which has made great contributions to China's urban construction. I have compiled 3000 words of civil engineering technical papers, welcome to read!

3000-word paper on civil engineering technology 1: On the construction technology of civil engineering buildings

This paper introduces the characteristics of civil engineering construction and traditional construction technology, analyzes the new civil engineering construction technology, and points out the development trend of future construction technology, especially the new waterproof construction technology, steel structure construction technology and concrete construction technology. To provide reference for civil engineering related workers.

[Keywords:] civil engineering; Construction technology; Innovation; develop

With the continuous development of China's social economy, civil engineering construction technology has also been continuously reformed and developed, which has made great contributions to China's urban construction. This paper analyzes and compares the traditional construction technology and new construction technology of civil engineering.

1. Construction characteristics of civil engineering buildings

1. 1 complexity. Because the functions and types of various civil engineering building products are different, and the construction technology changes with the changes of construction site and surrounding environmental conditions, civil engineering building construction has certain complexity.

1.2 liquidity. Because building products are fixed, in the case of single-piece construction, the project and location are constantly changing. Therefore, construction personnel, machines and tools and building materials are required to flow with the construction location.

1.3 Long-term. Civil engineering buildings are generally bulky and have a long construction period, from several months to several years or even longer.

1.4 Danger. Because there are many open-air operations and aerial operations in construction projects, they are easily affected by natural conditions and have great risks.

1.5 synthesis. There are many cooperative units in civil engineering construction, involving a wide range, requiring the cooperation of many industries and types of work, which is very comprehensive.

2. Traditional construction technology of civil engineering

2. 1 foundation construction technology. The main construction method of foundation construction is pile foundation construction, including bearing capacity limit state and normal use limit state. On the one hand, according to the bearing characteristics, foundation piles include friction piles and end-bearing piles. Friction piles are divided into friction piles and end-bearing friction piles, and end-bearing piles are divided into end-bearing piles and friction end-bearing piles. Under the ultimate bearing capacity of friction pile, the vertical load on the top of the pile is borne by the side friction of the pile, and the end resistance can be ignored. However, in the ultimate state of end-bearing friction piles, the vertical load on the top of the pile is the main part of the pile side resistance. In the ultimate state of end-bearing piles, the vertical load on the top of the pile is borne by the resistance at the end of the pile, and the side resistance of the pile can be ignored. Friction-end bearing piles bear most of the vertical load through the resistance at the pile end. On the other hand, it can be divided into non-compaction piles, compaction piles and partial compaction piles according to the pile-forming method, and the materials for making foundation piles are mainly divided into wooden piles, concrete piles and steel piles. Different types and materials of piles have different construction schemes and applicable foundations. In the construction of pile foundation, the pile type shall be determined in combination with the construction quality of main single pile, and the uneven settlement shall be avoided as far as possible, especially for pile groups. Among them, the main steps of bored pile in pile foundation construction include: positioning and setting out of pile, positioning and correcting verticality of drilling machine, drilling and clearing soil, pouring and mixing concrete, making and placing reinforcing cage, completion acceptance and quality inspection of pile.

2.2 steel structure construction technology. The construction of steel structure is mainly to hoist components. First of all, preparations should be made in advance before construction, including site cleaning, road construction, foundation preparation, component transportation and equipment inspection. Secondly, the transportation sequence of steel members should be carried out in accordance with the construction sequence. After the components are transported to the site, they should be stored in the hoisting position as far as possible, and wooden pillows with sufficient supporting surfaces should be used as the bottom. Before hoisting, the number and position of components should be verified, and the surface should be removed to keep the friction surface dry and clean. Finally, fire extinguishers should be prepared to prevent fire, mainly because of the particularity of steel structure engineering, oxygen and acetylene welding tools may be used in the construction process, which may easily lead to fire.

2.3 Construction technology of concrete structure. According to the location of pouring concrete in construction, there are mainly precast method and cast-in-place method. Among them, precast method is to pour concrete elsewhere rather than at the construction site, and precast concrete has become the new favorite of the construction industry because of its low cost and excellent performance. When prefabrication method is adopted, it is necessary to ensure the accuracy of prefabricated formwork dimensions and strictly follow the construction sequence. In addition, the cast-in-place rule is to pour concrete at the construction site, which is the way adopted by most buildings and is more widely used.

3. New technology of civil engineering construction

3. 1 new waterproof construction technology

3. 1. 1 cold working waterproof construction. At present, China's waterproof construction technology is developing continuously, and it is developing in the direction of cold operation, and various waterproof materials have also developed greatly. The properties of PVC waterproofing membrane, SBS modified asphalt waterproofing membrane, APP modified asphalt waterproofing membrane, polyurethane coating and 603 membrane produced in China have reached or approached the international advanced level.

3. 1.2 Waterproof concrete structure. Waterproof concrete structure, such as basement, pool, pump house, etc. , mainly through the self-compacting of concrete itself to achieve its waterproof performance. Waterproof concrete structure not only has multiple functions such as bearing, enclosure, impermeability and crack resistance, but also has high corrosion resistance and freeze-thaw resistance.

3.2 New Construction Technology of Long-span Steel Structure

The construction technology of long-span steel structure mainly includes: high-strength thick steel plate Site welding technology, large-scale reticulated shell steel structure installation technology, long-span space steel structure temporary support unloading technology, long-span steel structure computer-controlled hydraulic lifting installation technology, long-span cylindrical reticulated shell folding and unfolding lifting installation technology, steel structure integral translation installation technology, rotating opening steel roof installation technology, arch multi-rail opening steel roof installation technology, mast steel structure lifting installation technology, Prestressed steel structure construction technology, cable-membrane structure construction technology, climbing tower crane suspension arrangement and use technology, heavy tower crane on permanent structure, heavy crawler crane on permanent structure, large rotating gantry crane and large truss gantry crane.

3.3 New concrete construction technology

3.3. 1 fair-faced concrete construction technology. As-cast-in-place concrete technology takes the original poured concrete surface as decorative surface directly, which belongs to cast-in-place reinforced concrete technology. Fair-faced concrete construction is simple in operation and low in cost, which greatly improves the firmness of civil engineering buildings. It not only meets the high technical requirements of high-rise buildings, but also belongs to the construction technology of one-time pouring. Only one or two layers of transparent protective agent are coated on the surface. The construction technology is environmentally friendly and natural, with high construction quality and beautiful appearance. For example, Liaohe Art Museum, the first cast-in-place fair-faced concrete art museum in China, has a simple, natural and calm appearance.

3.3.2 New materials for steel fiber reinforced concrete building. On the premise of ensuring the practicability of building products, in order to meet the growing aesthetic requirements of human beings for civil buildings and show the artistic beauty of buildings, Chinese industry experts have developed steel fiber concrete, which is made by mixing a proper amount of steel fiber into ordinary concrete and then stirring it evenly. This breakthrough new material not only makes up for the problem of insufficient tensile capacity of building materials in construction, but also enhances the shear resistance, crack resistance and durability of concrete members. In addition, steel fiber reinforced concrete also has excellent impact resistance, which is of great significance for improving the quality of building construction.

3000 words of civil engineering technical papers Part II: "Civil engineering technical innovation theory"

Civil engineering construction plays an important role in China's building construction, and its position is getting heavier and heavier. Civil engineering is related to the development level of urban construction and construction industry in China, and railway construction is an important part of civil engineering construction. Only by strengthening the innovation of civil engineering technology can we promote the continuous development of China's railway construction. This paper focuses on the innovative means of civil engineering construction, and shows the important role of strengthening technical innovation of civil engineering in the development of civil engineering construction.

Keywords: civil engineering construction technology

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Civil Engineering English is civil engineering, literal translation is civil engineering, which is a general term for all kinds of construction projects. It not only refers to the object of construction, that is, the engineering facilities built on the ground, underground and underwater, but also refers to the materials and equipment used and the professional technologies such as survey, design, construction, maintenance and repair.

First, the characteristics of civil engineering construction technology

With the development of economy and science and technology, new materials and structures appear constantly, and there are more and more large-scale and technically complex civil engineering structures, and the construction technology also develops accordingly. China is in a period of rapid economic development, and the number and scale of engineering construction are large, which promotes the development of China's building technology. Due to the characteristics of civil engineering, its production organization is different from the general factory production organization. Each project needs to be organized according to the nature and characteristics of the project. Whether the construction organization is scientific and reasonable directly affects the success or failure of the project. Generally speaking, civil engineering construction has the following characteristics: fixity and fluidity: fluidity includes the flow of construction team on the same project and the flow of workers in the workspace; Diversity and singleness: projects are different, and similar projects are difficult to be huge, cooperative and comprehensive: it requires the cooperation of many different units such as construction, design, construction, supervision and material suppliers; Complex and susceptible to interference: complex technology and management, susceptible to external factors such as climate and surrounding environment; Large investment and long production cycle. (1) Pile foundation construction technology. Pile foundation construction in civil engineering requires the constructors to reasonably select the appropriate pile type for construction, and fully consider the selection of single pile and group load, so as to reach the standard of single pile foundation construction quality. If the pile group construction is adopted, it is necessary to think about whether the foundation will have uneven settlement. When hoisting precast pile foundation, the strong impact and vibration caused by hoisting should be fully considered; Construction personnel should also effectively carry out drilling of pile foundation and pouring of concrete. Check whether the construction quality meets the construction specifications and standards after completing the correction of positioning and setting-out of pile foundation, vertical action of drilling rig, soil removal by drilling, concrete pouring and mixing, fabrication and installation of reinforcing cage, and inspection.

(2) The technical construction of concrete structure is also a common railway construction method. Precast method and cast-in-place method are commonly used in concrete construction units. Precast concrete method is widely recognized in concrete construction management. Prefabrication method has low cost and high cost performance. When using precast concrete construction technology, the size of precast tools should be considered first, and the operation should be carried out in strict accordance with the construction specifications. Cast-in-place construction method is applied earlier than precast construction method, and formwork is used for pouring at the construction site.

Second, the building structure in the project

Construction engineering is the floorboard of architectural planning, survey, design and construction.

Building construction generally includes ten parts: (1) buried foundation and basement (2) columns, floors, beams, frame walls, roofs and supporting systems (3) surrounding maintenance structures and intermediate partitions (4) indoor and outdoor decoration (5) heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, fire prevention and sound insulation control environment. Vertical transmission systems such as elevators or escalators (7) closed-circuit television, telephone, computer network and other communication systems (8) electric power system (9) sanitary equipment and water supply and drainage system (10) garbage disposal system.

Pier Luigi Nervy said: To put it bluntly, the building structure is how the reaction and internal stress of the stressed body balance with the external force. The first problem to be solved in architecture is stress. We call the discipline to solve this problem building mechanics. Building mechanics can be divided into three mechanical systems: statics, material mechanics and structural mechanics. Architectural mechanics is to discuss and study the working state of building structures and components under the influence of loads and other factors, that is, the strength, stiffness and stability of buildings. Under the load, the building structures and components that bear and transmit the load will cause the surrounding objects to act on them, and at the same time, the objects themselves will be deformed due to the load, which may be destroyed. However, the structure itself has a certain ability to resist deformation and damage, and the bearing capacity of the structure is related to the material of the member, the geometric size of the section, the mechanical properties, the working conditions and the structural conditions. These relations can be solved by calculation with mechanical relations.

Third, the civil engineering construction technology research

1. Construction characteristics of soft soil foundation and stone blasting construction: it often fails to meet the requirements of bearing capacity and deformation capacity. If improper measures are taken in the construction process, the foundation or building foundation will often become unstable or seriously sink, resulting in damage to the building or abnormal use, which requires reinforcement. The reinforcement methods include soil replacement cushion method, dynamic compaction method, vibroflotation method, sand pile compaction method, deep mixing method, surcharge preloading method and chemical method. Earthwork blasting construction: applicable environment: removal of rocks encountered during excavation, underground obstacles in construction site, demolition of old buildings and structures, construction procedures: drilling, charging, initiation and slag discharge; Features: low cost, high efficiency, vibration and dust hazards. For the demolition of old buildings and structures, static crushing and other construction techniques can also be adopted under the conditions of low vibration, low dust and no pollution.

2. Cast-in-place pile construction and pier foundation construction (1) Cast-in-place pile construction is a construction method in which holes are drilled mechanically or manually, and then steel cages are placed in the holes, and concrete is poured (or directly poured). Hole-forming technology: dry hole-forming, mud wall-protecting hole-forming, casing hole-forming, artificial hole-forming, blasting hole-forming and so on. Its characteristics are: it can adapt to the change of stratum, low vibration and noise during construction, and high technological requirements. After construction, the concrete needs curing and cannot bear the load immediately. (2) Pier foundation is a large-diameter foundation formed by pouring concrete (or placing steel cages and pouring concrete) in large-diameter holes drilled manually or mechanically. At present, manual digging is mostly used in China, so it is also called large-diameter manual digging pile. Characteristics of pier foundation: the end is directly supported on rock or hard soil layer, and the strength and stiffness of the pile are large, and the bearing capacity is large.

3. Open caisson foundation construction Open caisson is a circular or rectangular cylindrical reinforced concrete structure composed of blade feet, vertical shafts and internal partition walls, which is mostly used for heavy equipment foundations, piers, pump stations, water intake structures, super high-rise building foundations, etc. Construction technology: during construction, the shaft is made first, and then the shaft is excavated, so that the shaft sinks into the soil by its own weight. At the lowest end of the shaft is a blade foot, which is shaped like a blade, so that the open caisson can cut into the soil during sinking. The outer wall of the open caisson is a vertical shaft, which plays a role in retaining soil when sinking. At the same time, the friction between the cylinder wall and the soil and the soil resistance at the bottom of the blade foot can be overcome by self-weight, so that the open caisson gradually sinks under the action of self-weight.

4. Prestressed concrete engineering construction Prestressed concrete structure has small cross section, high rigidity, good crack resistance and durability, and can give full play to the respective properties of steel and concrete, which has been widely used in civil engineering. Specific construction methods are mainly divided into the following three types:

(1) Pre-tensioning construction: a construction method in which prestressed steel bars are tensioned first and then concrete members are poured. The main construction technology is that before pouring concrete members, the prestressed steel bars are tensioned and temporarily anchored on the pedestal or steel formwork, and then the concrete members are poured. When the concrete reaches a certain strength and there is enough cohesive force between the concrete and the steel bar, the prestressed steel bar relaxes, and the concrete and the prestressed steel bar are bonded to generate prestress.

(2) Post-tensioning construction: it is a construction method of making concrete members first and then tensioning prestressed steel bars. The main construction process is: first, make concrete members and reserve passages; After the concrete reaches a certain strength, the prestressed reinforcement is introduced into the tunnel, tensioned by tensioning machine, then anchored by anchorage device, and finally the tunnel is grouted.

(3) Bonded prestress construction: it is developed on the basis of post-tensioning method. Its construction technology is: laying prestressed tendons and plastic sleeves with coated surfaces in the formwork, then pouring concrete, and stretching and anchoring the prestressed tendons after the concrete reaches the design strength.

Four. Concluding remarks

In short, despite the rapid development of civil engineering construction technology in recent decades, civil engineering construction is still dominated by manual operation and semi-mechanical operation, and the labor efficiency is far lower than other industrial sectors. It is also a labor-intensive industry. The development direction of modern civil engineering construction technology should not only meet the needs of current civil engineering construction, but also develop in the direction of high efficiency, no pollution, high quality, mechanization, intelligence, high technology content and informationization.

References:

[1] paragraph. Introduction to civil engineering. Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 2005.

[2] Discussion on civil engineering construction.

Civil engineering technology 3000 words Paper III: Civil engineering problems in high-rise building construction

Brief introduction of high-rise civil buildings

Nowadays, in order to meet the needs of social development, the structure of high-rise buildings is getting bigger and bigger, which requires the support of civil engineering technology. So the relationship between the two is inseparable. The reliability and safety of high-rise buildings still depend on the guarantee of civil construction quality. Only by finding out the reasons that hinder all aspects can we solve the unsolved problems in the civil industry, pave the way for high-rise buildings and effectively improve the development speed of the industry.

Second, the construction characteristics analysis

High-rise building construction has many characteristics, including the following:

1. As we all know, high-rise buildings not only have many processes, but also have complex processes, and there is no heavy labor. It is quite difficult to do a good job in construction management and coordination.

2. In view of the large area and mass of high-rise projects, a large number of building materials and mechanical equipment need to be prepared in the early stage of construction, and large-scale construction takes 2 to 3 years or even longer to complete. Long construction period may miss the arrival of new technologies and materials; Risk of missing new skills;

3. The high-rise building project is very dangerous. The so-called high-rise buildings are generally around 30 stories. Working in such a high-rise environment is easy to cause safety accidents. Therefore, the layout of high-rise projects should be organized and planned, and the construction quality should be arranged safely to nip in the bud.

Third, the construction quality control analysis

(A) the emergence of cracks

The generation of cracks is a very serious building quality problem, and it is also a common problem in high-rise building engineering. There are many reasons for the formation of cracks, some are dynamic, some are static, and some are even stable and closed. Therefore, in order to maintain the overall quality of buildings, cracks must be properly handled. To solve the problem of cracks in engineering, we must first find out the causes of cracks, analyze the impact of cracks on the whole building, and then deal with them after analyzing the reasons. In the stage of construction design, effective preventive measures should be taken: reducing the load and releasing the effect.

(2) Analysis of concrete pouring strength control

In the whole construction stage, concrete pouring is the most important link. First of all, advanced technology and methods should be adopted in pouring operation. Once the pouring area is enlarged, it is necessary to stop the operation. The pouring layer should be cooled to ensure the constant temperature of concrete and water at 25? Within the range of. After pouring, pay attention to whether the temperature changes and record the data to prepare for the second pouring. When you pour it twice, you should control the time. It needs to be carried out when the first layer of concrete is semi-solidified, and at the same time, the application scope and strength of the vibrator should be adjusted to avoid cracks. Secondly, it is necessary to pour scientifically and reasonably, and blindly failing to follow the construction procedures will lead to serious quality problems. During the whole pouring stage, the site supervisor should strictly check the position of the joint, because the joint is the key part of the whole pouring material, and its quality directly affects the quality of the whole project.

Four, various factors affecting the quality of the project and measures

(A) factors affecting the quality of construction

Under the current situation, higher requirements are put forward for project construction. However, in the traditional organization, the organizer's concept is still outdated and the innovation consciousness is incomplete, which leads to the substandard project quality and economic decline.

(2) Reconstruction is not important.

During the construction of high-rise buildings, all kinds of equipment will be used, and the speed of construction progress depends on the equipment selection during construction, so the parameters and performance of equipment should be considered when selecting equipment. Inspection before use and maintenance after use? The habit of. If the inspection work is omitted or unnecessary, it will lead to potential safety hazards and disastrous consequences. For example, the quality problem of a tripod in construction is due to the omission of inspection work in the early and late stages, so it may collapse in the construction stage and even lead to death. Therefore, relevant managers should manage equipment and machinery well to avoid safety accidents caused by machinery; In the project, it is assumed that managers and constructors do not abide by normal rules and regulations and do not pay attention to operating procedures, which will seriously affect the quality of work and bring security risks to actual work.

(3) The quality supervision is not in place and there are loopholes.

Landslides sometimes occur in the process of engineering construction, which has a serious impact on construction. These problems are all caused by not paying attention to the environmental factors around a certain place. Therefore, in engineering quality supervision, the monitoring of the surrounding environment of buildings is often not in place.

Because the surrounding environmental factors are not fully considered, it will be influenced by the outside world in practical work, which will destroy the structure of groundwater, lead to soil softening and decrease the bearing capacity. Therefore, before the construction project, we must understand the surrounding environment, comprehensively consider the factors that will affect the construction quality, take countermeasures, record the work diary, and prevent the accident from happening again.

Five, control measures to improve the construction quality of high-rise buildings

(1) Strengthen supervision.

In the face of management defects, measures should be taken to solve this problem one by one. First of all, the management of equipment needs to match the management of relevant professionals. Before the project starts, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the equipment to ensure the normal use of the equipment, and it is also necessary to inspect the equipment regularly during the construction process to prevent it from being damaged. After the maintenance equipment is completed, it should be cleaned in time and maintained well to ensure the integrity of the equipment after use. Secondly, strengthen the supervision of the construction industry, strictly follow all aspects of the system, improve the cooperation mechanism, supervise each other and help each other. Next, strengthen safety education and study, improve safety awareness, and establish innovative safety supervision means to ensure safe production.

To sum up, strengthening supervision is an important basis to ensure the orderly progress of construction projects.

(B) into science and technology and outstanding talents

The professional development of construction industry needs advanced science and technology and excellent talents. The professional quality of managers plays a vital role in the management quality of high-rise building construction. Compared with the current operators with low academic qualifications, the theory and practice will be restricted by the outside world, which will seriously affect the construction of the project. It can be seen that the saving of talents is particularly important. In addition, it is necessary to update technology and learn advanced technology and equipment from abroad. Under the current situation, backwardness will be eliminated, and keeping pace with the times is an important prerequisite to ensure the quality of the project.

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