Complete collection of detailed information of Baodaoheng's production process

The technological process of making a sword includes more than ten processes, such as blank selection, forging, quenching and polishing. Obviously, it is difficult to forge dozens of kilograms of billet into more than one kilogram of sword. Hengtongqi explained that forging is the key step to solve this problem, because the impurities contained in the raw steel will cause weapons to be easily deformed and broken. At the same time, the strength of the sword is also enhanced by forging. But it will take a long time. After five months of forging 30 kg of steel, only about 1 kg of blade or sword head remains.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Baodaoheng's production process attribute: the history of knife-making process: more than 270 years' representative works: brief introduction of Qianlong sword, production process, Huaxia sword, Japanese sword production technology, inheritance and change, inheritance method, process origin and related links. Baodaoheng has stood out in the north since the Qing Dynasty, and it is a metal craft brand with national characteristics and royal style. There is a folk saying that there is a Longquan sword in the south and a treasure knife in the north. The name "Baodaoheng" has a history of 270 years. Bao Daoheng is a master of folk knife making. He used to work with Nuerhachi's troops to make a treasure knife and a sword, and then entered the customs with Huang Taiji. After entering Beijing, he made knives for the emperor in the palace and ouchi. 1672, the ancestor of Hengjia was given the surname Heng by Emperor Kangxi. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, a sword was made for Emperor Qianlong, which was called "Qianlong Sword".

Since 1903, Heng Hongchang, the fifth descendant of Hengjia, has opened a sword shop in Dongan market. Heng Ming Dow, a descendant of the sixth generation, used "Heng" and "Yan Fei" as trademarks to export folding knives to Germany and Japan. He used to make wood carving, seal cutting and oil painting knives for Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong. From 65438 to 0958, after the public-private partnership, the seventh generation successor Heng Lianjiang was mainly in charge of the knife and scissors factory. 1992, Hengqitong officially became the eighth generation successor. 1995 began to restore the traditional craft and production process of "Baodaoheng", and opened a shop in the underground "Old Beijing Street" in Xin Dong 'an in 2000. Production technology experts have demonstrated that "Baodaoheng" has always insisted on manual forging. The technological process includes more than ten processes such as blank selection, forging, quenching and grinding. The made nod and sword have six characteristics: hard texture, smooth cutting, bright color, cold voice, heavy body and complete concealment. "Baodaoheng" has many secrets and unique skills in the manufacturing process, which concentrated the highest manual forging skills in China at that time, such as making knives and swords. It has historical value and academic research value for studying the forging technology of cold weapons in China. Baodaoheng maintains the style of traditional Chinese cold weapons, retains the artistic features of royal elegance, nobility and exquisiteness, and has artistic appreciation value. Its practicality and use value are also self-evident. "If a sword wants to become a sword with a good sword, it needs to go through another extremely important process, that is, quenching." Heng revealed that if the quenched sword collides with the unquenched sword, the quenched sword has no gap, and the unquenched sword has a gap of more than half a centimeter. Moreover, this quenching temperature is handled purely by personal experience and skills, and others can't learn it. Huaxia Sword is in the store of Baodao Hengda, and there is a giant sword in the most conspicuous position, which is regarded as a proud work by Hengqitong. .

"In the past, our swords were more practical, but now everyone is more for decoration, so I want to do some creation." Heng said that since 1997, he has planned, designed and produced this "giant sword" with a length of 1.30 meters and a weight of 8 Jin and 4 Liang. At that time, because the sword head was too big, there was no way, so I had to make another big stove. The scabbard is carefully carved with mahogany, and the decoration on the scabbard is carved with jade. "Because it was too time-consuming and laborious, my wife once strongly opposed it." However, after three years and nine months, this exquisite handicraft that has inherited the century-old brand "Baodaoheng" craft has finally been made. What makes him even more proud is that this work was exhibited in China Millennium Monument and four European countries, and now this sword has become a heirloom of Hengqitong.

In addition, Hengqitong also made a sword with a length of 15cm. Because the machine can't be used in the production process, it is completely handmade and requires very accurate precision, so it has become a sought-after product of "Baodaoheng". In Heng's view, judging whether a treasure knife or a treasure knife is excellent should be "hard texture, smooth knife technique, bright color, cold sound, weight and complete storage". Texture simply refers to whether the hand-forged blade or sword head has reached the specified hardness. Smooth cutting refers to a well-made treasure knife and sword, which can not hurt the user anywhere except the tip and tip. Bright colors mean that the polishing degree of the cutter head and sword head should reflect all colors like a mirror. Sound cooling means that the forged cutter head and sword head have cold light and cold sound. The heavy volume means that a well-made treasure sword should be beautiful and not impetuous, so that it can last for a long time and stand up to the permanent appreciation of this work. Hidden integrity means that a good work must be complete.

In view of the fact that China's swords are not as sharp as Japanese swords, Heng believes that this is caused by the different sword cultures of the two countries, and the sharper the swords, the better. Not all the swords in Bao Daoheng have blades, but this does not affect the attack power of China's sword. Heng said that Japanese sword-making technology was indeed handed down from China in the Tang Dynasty, and the shape of Japanese sword is very similar to that of tangdao. Japanese swords have blades, while China's nod has no blades, but it can also cut paper and steel bars, which can be found in China's traditional martial arts.

He said that because the martial arts culture in China pays attention to reciprocity, the first few moves generally show respect by prevarication and beating. Once you really use the Force, even a blunt knife can hurt your opponent's bones and muscles. And just relying on the sharpness of the sword can sometimes only hurt people. However, Heng also admitted that China's sword really needs to be improved in terms of new materials, new technology and management, because Japanese products were listed earlier than China. Changes in the inheritance of related pictures "Because I used to be an official in the palace and ouchi in the past, in order to maintain the craft of safeguarding family interests, from the first generation to my generation, I have always adhered to the old adage of' oral transmission, only surname'." Heng Tongqi said that because Hengjia has its own set of strict methods and technologies, it must not be passed on to outsiders. Therefore, after a hundred years of "Bao Daoheng", its production technology is deeply buried in its heart. Now this has brought great difficulty to the inheritance and protection of "Baodaoheng".

"When I was a child, several children of our generation learned this craft." But now he is the only one who can do "all the work". Others will only do part of it or simply don't want to continue this business. In order to pass on the centuries-old "Baodaoheng" and prevent this ancient craft from being lost, Hengqitong officially announced that it would pass on the ancestral craft to the next generation-his 17-year-old son Hengbao. At the same time, he also broke the tradition of not letting outsiders know his craft, and selected two disciples who loved traditional culture and had certain skills to teach. In addition, the Dongcheng District Cultural and Cultural Committee also organized specialized personnel to consult information in major libraries and archives and collect and sort out existing information. Break the centuries-old way of inheritance, record the centuries-old production methods and technical secrets of Baodaoheng in detail, and leave precious wealth for future generations in the research and improvement of skills.

Now Hengqitong is used to carrying a laptop with him and selling his sword materials to domestic and foreign customers at any time, unlike the old brands and other customers. At the same time, he also sent his son to business school to study, hoping that future generations could package this traditional skill and push it to the market, and continue to write the family history of "Baodaoheng" for hundreds of years. Craft comes from childhood and has the deepest memory. At that time, craftsmen walking in the streets of Beijing, a big city, attracted our young and naive hearts with all kinds of unique skills. Today, the scenes of those years are still vivid, with colorful faces, fun and delicious sugar people, windmills with small red flags, delicious popcorn ... Today's modern buildings have replaced quiet and beautiful ancient hutongs and quadrangles, and related folk words are gradually drifting away, and there are fewer and fewer pure Beijing craftsmen. At today's temple fair, we only see vendors under the banner of Beijing craftsmanship. Windmills are much rougher than when I was a child. People are just simple shapes ... all we see is long-term noise.

Folk arts and crafts are intangible cultural heritage. They are human nature and individuality, as well as locality and nationality. They embody human's understanding and spiritual pursuit of the world and contain human wisdom and creativity.

The biggest feature of Beijing craft is exquisite production, and the folk crafts at the foot of the emperor are court skills that have been circulated for many years. However, many handicrafts are in an endangered state, and their extinction speed is accelerating, and once lost, it is difficult to recover and regenerate. Memories at this time are actually a kind of nostalgia. We hope to record Beijing crafts with pictures and texts here, and tell those lost times with images and words. Since the Qing Dynasty, "Baodaoheng" has stood out in the north, and it is a metal craft brand with national characteristics and royal style. There is a folk saying that there is a Longquan sword in the south and a treasure knife scale in the north.

The name "Baodaoheng" has a history of 270 years. 1672, the ancestor of Hengjia was given the surname Hengjia by Emperor Kangxi. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, a sword was made for Emperor Qianlong, which was called "Qianlong Sword".

Starting from 1903, Heng Hongchang, the fifth descendant of Hengjia, broke the tradition in the late Qing Dynasty and opened a sword shop in the west gate of Jinyu Hutong (school yard), that is, Dongan market. The factory is located at East Trade Hutong 17. The sixth generation of descendants used Harmony as a trademark to export folding knives to Germany and Japan. He used to make wood carving, seal cutting and oil painting knives for Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong. From 65438 to 0958, after the public-private partnership, the seventh generation successor Heng Lianjiang was mainly in charge of the knife and scissors factory. 1992, Hengqitong officially became the eighth generation successor. 1995 began to restore the traditional craft and production process of "Baodaoheng", and opened a shop in the underground "Old Beijing Street" in Xin Dong 'an in 2000.

"Baodaoheng" has always insisted on manual forging. The technological process includes more than ten processes such as blank selection, forging, quenching and grinding. The made nod and sword have six characteristics: hard texture, smooth cutting, bright color, cold voice, heavy body and complete concealment.

"Baodaoheng" has many secrets and unique skills in the manufacturing process, which concentrated the highest manual forging skills in China at that time, such as making knives and swords. It has historical value and academic research value for studying the forging technology of cold weapons in China. Baodaoheng maintains the style of traditional Chinese cold weapons, retains the artistic features of royal elegance, nobility and exquisiteness, and has artistic appreciation value. Its practicality and use value are self-evident. At present, it is exhibited and sold in the "Old Beijing Street" underground of Sun Dongan in Wangfujing, Beijing.