What is the origin of He Luo culture?

Heluo culture is one of the important sources of Chinese culture, which refers to the regional culture that arose in the Heluo area and is the mainstream culture of the Chinese nation.

Heluo culture refers to the culture of the Heluo region in ancient China. The Heluo area refers to the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yellow River from Tongguan to Zhengzhou, the area around Luoshui, Yishui and Songshan Mountains, including the upper reaches of Yingshui in Dengfeng, etc. It roughly includes the area between latitude 34° and 35° north and longitude 110° and 114° east, which in a nutshell is the western part of today's Henan Province. The Heluo area is surrounded by the Waifang and Funiushan mountain ranges in the south, the Yellow River in the north, the Qinling Mountains and the Guanzhong Plain in the west, and the Great Plain in the eastern part of Henan Province in the east, which is connected to Youyan in the north and the Jianghuai River in the south, and was located in the Central Plains in ancient times as the "center of the world" (Shiji - Zhou Benji), or the "China" (He Zunji of the Western Zhou Dynasty).

The creation of writing was the most important sign that ancient human society entered the age of civilization.

Hetu Luoshu is the beginning of Chinese civilization. The I Ching says: "The river produces the diagram, the Luo produces the book, and the sages are the ones who do it." The Analects of Confucius says, "If the phoenix bird does not arrive, the river does not come out of the map." The Bamboo Book Chronicle says, "The Yellow Emperor repaired the altar and sunk the jade in the river and the Luo, and received the book of the dragon and the tortoise.

Taijitu is a natural phenomenon of the meeting of the River Luo, this is because the Taijitu is very much like the vortex formed by the meeting of the Yellow River and Luo River, through this natural phenomenon triggered inspiration, the human race Fuxi to create Taiji and Bagua.

The culture created by the ancestors in the Heluo area is the core and birthplace of the Yellow River civilization represented by the Central Plains culture. The Heluo culture is the cradle culture of the Chinese civilization and the main body of the traditional Chinese culture for thousands of years, and thus the Heluo culture occupies a very important position in the history of ancient Chinese culture.

Heluo area is rich in cultural deposits and has been home to many famous artists over the ages. Here is the birthplace of Hetu Luoshu, the study of the I Ching people seek their roots to worship their ancestors, which is not the confluence of the river Luo? This is the birthplace of Shaolin Boxing, Taijiquan, Track Boxing, and Janjia Boxing, and those who want to learn martial arts will not be able to do so.

Heluo culture is the core culture of the Chinese nation

We now usually say that the Chinese national culture, is within the scope of today's China, to the Han nationality as the main multi-ethnic **** with the creation of the culture. A large number of archaeological discoveries and ancient documents show that Huaxia culture is the mother culture of Han culture and Chinese national culture. Huaxia culture mainly originated from the early countries of China's ancient Xia and Shang cultures and its more ancient Henan Longshan culture, over the years of archaeological discoveries and research has confirmed that the Henan Longshan culture is the direct source of the formation of Xia culture. Hailuo area is an important distribution area of Henan Longshan culture, on this point, the Hailuo area can be said to be the birthplace of Xia culture, Huaxia culture and its formation, development of the core area, can also be said to be the birthplace of the later Han culture, the culture of the Chinese nation.

A large number of oracle bones were unearthed in Yinxu, Anyang, Henan Province, at the beginning of the 20th century. A group of scholars, represented by Wang Guowei, interpreted the oracle bones through painstaking efforts and utilized the "two-fold evidence method" combining unearthed artifacts and ancient historical documents to prove that Yinxu was indeed a capital city of the Shang Dynasty in the late Shang Dynasty, and to confirm that Sima Qian's "Records of the Historical Records of Yin" on the existence of a Shang Dynasty capital city, was the first to prove that Yinxu had been a capital city of the Shang Dynasty. Yin Ben Ji" about the history of the Shang dynasty is basically credible.

In the 1950s, archaeologists in Henan Province in Zhengzhou City found the Erligang site belonging to the early Shang Dynasty, decades of field archaeological work has confirmed that the Erligang site is a large city of the early Shang Dynasty, in which there is a huge scale of the city wall, a large number of palace building sites, there are important handicrafts workshop sites, and some of the "heavy equipment There are also the excavation of some "heavy objects" - large bronze ritual objects. This shows that the site is not a general large city site, but should be one of the early capital site of the Shang Dynasty. 80's, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Archaeology in conjunction with the capital construction of the Shouyangshan Power Plant, in the Yanshi County and Tazhuang area found a well-preserved early Shang Dynasty city site. Since then, the archaeological discovery of the city site of the palace site and its many palace building sites, exploration of the "small city" and "big city" wall and range, excavated the city gate site, warehouse site and some handicrafts sites, cleaned up a number of tombs in the same period. Through these rich archaeological information in-depth, comprehensive, systematic archaeological research, proved that the site of Yanshi Mall and Zhengzhou Mall site is also a city site of the early Shang Dynasty, and Yanshi Mall is still known to us preserved the Palace City and the earliest Kuo City era of ancient Chinese capital city site. The archaeological discovery and research of Zhengzhou Mall and Yanshi Mall have archaeologically solved the problem of the existence of the early Shang Dynasty dynasty, thus enabling the late Shang civilization of Anyang Yin Ruins to find its source in the Heluo area.

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, archaeologists found large architectural sites in Erlitou Village in Yanshi, Henan Province, which were earlier than the Shang Dynasty site of Anyang Yinxu and later than that of Longshan Culture in Henan Province. Later, dozens of large rammed earth building sites were found here, and archaeologists fully excavated the first and second large building sites and other palace building sites. Research shows that this is the earliest known ancient Chinese palace building site. In addition, the Erlitou site also found the remains of the enclosure wall around this large rammed earth building site, preliminary research confirms that this is the palace complex around the remains of the palace city. Within the Erlitou site, the ruins of copper-making craftsmen's workshops, nobleman's tombs, important bronze ritual objects, jade and other relics have also been found. The above series of archaeological discoveries confirm that the Erlitou site, which is later than the Longshan culture in Henan, is not only earlier than the site of Yinxu in Anyang, but also earlier than the site of Zhengzhou Mall and the site of Yanshi Mall. Accordingly, academics generally believe that the Erlitou site named "Erlitou culture" is "summer culture". Erlitou site is not only an important, typical "Erlitou culture" site, or a capital site of the Xia dynasty, that is, historical documents said "summer market". It is because of the Yanshi Erlitou site of archaeological discovery and research, not only to determine the late Xia Dynasty capital site, but also to make the Heluo region in the origin of ancient Chinese civilization, the formation of the early development of the historical status of the more prominent.

The Xia and Shang kingdoms in the He Luo region were the early kingdoms in ancient Chinese history. There is no other kingdom in China that had a greater impact on the development of ancient Chinese history than the Xia and Shang kingdoms in the same period of time. Finding the archaeological culture that directly produced the civilization of the Xia and Shang kingdoms is the key to the implementation of the "Project of Exploring the Source of Ancient Chinese Civilization". Field archaeology reveals that the Longshan culture of Henan Province in the Heluo area was the mother culture of the Xia culture.　　In recent years, in the academic research on the origin and formation of ancient Chinese civilization, due to the new archaeological discoveries of the Hongshan Culture in western Liaoning and the Liangzhu Culture in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, a kind of multi-region and "multi-dimensional" theory of the origin and formation of ancient Chinese civilization has become more popular, and the key role of the Hailuo region in the origin and formation of ancient Chinese civilization has been neglected. In my opinion, archaeological culture and ancient civilization are not equivalent in terms of academic concepts, and the origin and formation of ancient civilization cannot be deduced to be "diversified" just because of the differences in archaeological cultures in different regions. The development of some archaeological cultures reflects the transition from prehistory to "civilization", and even the formation of civilizations and the emergence of states can be seen in them, but most of the archaeological cultures developed along with the process of "civilization" in the history of society and were "assimilated" by the advanced archaeological cultures. However, most archaeological cultures developed along with the process of "civilization" in social history, and were "assimilated" and "melted" by advanced archaeological cultures, while a very small number of archaeological cultures tended to be "petrified", and recent ethnographic data can provide many vivid examples in this regard. The historical path of the origin and formation of ancient Chinese civilization basically followed the above historical development process. In recent years, some other scholars have suggested that, in the process of "civilization" in ancient Chinese history, different archaeological and cultural social groups in different regions basically entered the era of "civilization" at the same time or in a slightly sequential manner, forming the "Ten Thousand Nations", the "Ten Thousand States", the "Ten Thousand States", and the "Ten Thousand States". The situation of "Ten Thousand States" and "Ten Thousand Countries". However, it is still a question of whether these "ten thousand states" and "ten thousand nations" are really "nations" in the scientific sense, or whether they are "tens of thousands of nations" in the scientific sense. ", this is still a major academic subject that needs further study. As a matter of scientific common sense, the influence of these "ten thousand states" and "ten thousand countries" on the Chinese civilization represented by the Xia and Shang kingdoms could not be equal, and furthermore, even if the "ten thousand states" and "ten thousand countries" at that time were not equal, they could not be equal. In other words, even if the culture of "Ten Thousand States" and "Ten Thousand Kingdoms" at that time had an influence on the Xia culture in the He Luo area, the Xia culture and the Huaxia civilization that were formed in the He Luo area could not have been created by the "civilization" outside the He Luo area. This is because, in recent years, the discovery of new archaeological data show that the Xia culture was produced in Henan Longshan culture in the river area, that is to say, the Xia culture is basically the river area "native" archaeological culture. We admit that the Hongshan culture and Liangzhu culture have played different roles in the development of archaeological culture in the Central Plains and the Hailuo area in the same period and later, but the formation and early development of ancient civilization in the Hailuo area can only be the source of Longshan culture in Henan Province in the Hailuo area, not the Hongshan culture or the Liangzhu culture, and even less of other archaeological cultures outside of the Central Plains area. Therefore, we think that, from the exploration of the formation of ancient Chinese civilization, the Xia culture is directly derived from the Henan Longshan culture in the Heluo area; from the development of ancient Chinese history after the Xia Dynasty, the Henan Longshan culture in the Heluo area, the Xia culture is the core culture of the Chinese civilization, the Chinese national culture and Han culture.