What is the former name of Peking University, the history of Peking University

Peking University is a university that many people dream of attending. It is an important national institution of higher education, but also China's first modern state university, or the earliest "university" identity and the name of the establishment of the famous school. So what is the predecessor of Peking University? Let us follow this article to trace the history of Peking University.

The end of the Qing Dynasty / Peking University Hall period

June 1898, Guangxu Emperor promulgated the "Ming Ding Guoyi edict" to implement the "Hundred Days' Reform", the edict emphasized that "the Peking University Hall of the provinces of the initiative, in particular, should be the first to be held. July 3, 1898, the Guangxu Emperor approved by Liang Qichao on behalf of the drafting of the "proposed statutes of the capital university hall", the official founding of the capital university hall, and appointed Sun Jia'nai, Minister of the Ministry of the Ministry of the Ministry of the Ministry of Justice, the University of the first minister of the management of the university hall affairs (Minister of the management of the school). Sun Jia'nai appointed Xu Jingcheng as the chief instructor of secondary school and American missionary William A.P. Ting as the chief instructor of Western studies, and on September 21, Empress Dowager Cixi and the old guard launched the Hundred Days' Reform, which failed. However, the Peking University Hall was preserved.

Peking University Hall was the highest school and the highest educational administration in China at that time, so many scholars (such as Hu Shi, Feng Youlan, Ji Xianlin, etc.) believe that Peking University is the successor of China's successive generations of taijutsu (Guozijian, Guozixue), is the continuation of the highest school in the modern era of the ancient times, and even believe that the history of Peking University should be counted from the Han Dynasty taijutsu; on the other hand, Peking University is the first university formally set up in China's modern times, and is the first university in modern China. On the other hand, Peking University is the first university formally established in modern China, is China's modern higher education epoch-making pioneer, so there is "the upper inheritance of the orthodoxy of the Imperial College, under the University of the ancestor of" said.

In 1900, the Boxer Rebellion broke out, the destruction of the Peking University Hall. 1900 August 3, the Qing court ordered the suspension of the Peking University Hall. After the Eight-Power Allied Forces hit Beijing, the Peking University Hall suffered damage.

In December 1902, the late Qing government appointed the Minister of the Ministry of Justice Zhang Baixi for the management of the Minister of Learning, "responsible for the management" of the Peking University Hall, the Peking University Hall can be restored. Wu Rulun and Koo Hongming were appointed as the chief and deputy chief instructors, while Yan Fu and Lin Shu were appointed as the chief and deputy chief of the translation bureau of the university hall. Founded in 1862 during the Foreign Affairs Movement, the Peking University Tongwenkan was also incorporated into the University Hall, and on December 17th, the opening ceremony of the Peking University Hall was held. According to the academic system, different levels of graduates were awarded the title of gongsheng, cited, jinshi.

In 1903, the establishment of the Hall of Scholarship, the Hall of Translation and the Hall of Medicine and Industry.

In 1904, the Minister of Education of the Peking University Hall was changed to the Minister of Education, who was responsible for overseeing the national education affairs, and set up the General Supervisor of the Peking University Hall, specializing in the affairs of the Peking University Hall. The functions of the Peking University Hall in charge of national education were thus separated, and it became a pure school of higher education. In the same year, the school opened, enrolled the last two sessions of the Chinese history of the Imperial Examination, that is, more than 80 students in the Dec. Mao Section (1903) and more than 30 students in the A Chen Section (1904) enrollment. And the first 47 students were selected to study abroad, which was the first time for Chinese higher education institutions to send international students.

In 1905, when the State Tertiary Education Center was closed, a group of students who had not graduated were directly enrolled in the Peking University Hall.

In 1910, the Peking University Hall opened a branch of the university, the opening of economics, liberal arts, law and politics, business, Gezhi (science), engineering, agriculture **** seven subjects, set up thirteen subjects, respectively, the poetry and classics, the rituals of the Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn, left biography, liberal arts of Chinese literature, Chinese historiography, jurisprudence, the banking and insurance of business, Gezhi geology, chemistry, engineering, civil engineering, mining and metallurgy, agronomy, agricultural agriculture.

Republic of China / National Peking University period in the early years of the Republic of China (1912-1916) May 4, 1912, the Peking University Hall was renamed Peking University, immediately crowned the "national", is the first Chinese history of the name of "national" university. "In 1914, Hu Renyuan became the president of Peking University. In 1914, Hu Renyuan became the president of Peking University. At this time, there have been Huang Kan, Koo Hongming, Qian Xuantong, Ma Shulun, Tao Menghe, Feng Zu Xun, He Yujie, Yu Tongkui and other famous people teaching at Peking University.

Before and after the May Fourth Movement (1916-1927)

Cai Yuanpei became the president of Peking University in December 1916, and his ten-year tenure as president of Peking University from 1916 to 1927 is regarded as a period of great splendor in the history of Peking University, "laying the foundation of the tradition and spirit of Peking University. On January 9, 1917, Peking University opened its doors, and Cai Yuanpei delivered a speech at the opening ceremony, in which he made three demands of the students: "to hold the purpose", "to sharpen their moral character", "to love their teachers and friends", "Respect for teachers and friends". Cai Yuanpei advocated "great scholars, research and deep learning".

Cai Yuanpei in Peking University to implement the system of professorial governance, democratic management. He established the Convocation, as the highest authority and legislative body of the school, the Convocation was elected by the professors. Later, he set up the professors' councils in each academic department (faculty). This was followed by the establishment of the Peking University Administrative Council, the Academic Affairs Council, and the General Affairs Office. By September 1920, the management system of Peking University under the rule of professors had basically matured. Cai Yuanpei advocated the independence of education, that bureaucratic politicians should not interfere in education, "I absolutely can no longer be the president of the university that is not free", for this reason several times resigned from the post of president of Peking University.

Cai Yuanpei sought to make Peking University a comprehensive university focusing on arts and sciences, merging commerce into law, and engineering into Peking University. 1919, Cai Yuanpei abolished the arts, sciences, and law, and the academic departments were no longer subordinate to the departments, and changed the departments into academic departments, with 14 academic departments. Cai Yuanpei abolished the grade system, the implementation of elective system, in order to develop students' personality, communication between literature and science.

In 1917, Cai Yuanpei established the Institute of Literature, Science and Law at Peking University to train graduate students. In 1918, he founded the Peking University Monthly, the earliest university newspaper in China. Cai Yuanpei actively engaged in academic exchanges, invited Dewey, Russell, Banlawi, Planck and other celebrities to lecture at Peking University. 1920, Peking University allowed three female students to enter the Liberal Arts auditorium, and in the fall of the same year officially began to recruit female students, the first coeducational public university in China.

On May 4, 1919, the May Fourth Movement broke out. Demonstrations followed. Peking University student Fu Si-nian was the commander-in-chief of the procession. The assembly read out the Declaration of the Beijing Student Sector drafted by Xu Deheng, a student of Peking University, and distributed the Declaration of the Beijing Academic Sector drafted by Luo Jialun, a student of Peking University, during the march. The marching students burned down Zhaojialou, beat up Zhang Zongxiang, and the military police arrested the students on the spot.

The North Korean government was forced to dismiss Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyi, and Zhang Zongxiang, and refused to sign the Paris Peace Treaty, which led to the victory of the student movement. After the May Fourth Movement, Li Dazhao, a professor at Peking University, took the lead in systematically accepting, spreading, and practicing Marxism in China, and Peking University became a center for the study and dissemination of Marxism in China.

In the first half of the 20th century, the Peking Party was formed in China. In October 1920, Li Dazhao founded the Beijing Group. 21 of the 53 Party members in China before the First Congress were teachers, students and alumni of Peking University.

The 1930s (1927-1937) Between 1927 and 1929, Peking University was in turmoil and severely devastated. In 1927, Peking University announced the abolition of Peking University, and the other eight national universities in Beijing merged into the Peking University School. 1928, the Nanjing National Government first changed it into the University of China, and then changed it into the University of Beiping, and then changed it into the National University of Beiping, Peking University, Peking University College. 1929 Peking University announced that it had resumed its own school, and the National Government restored the National Peking University on August 6th.

In 1930 (19th year of the Republic of China), Jiang Menglin, the first minister of education in the national government, a senior member of Mr. Cai Yuanpei, and a three-time acting president of Peking University, began to manage Peking University, and was officially inaugurated in January of the following year. Chiang Menglin put forward a 16-word policy "professors, students, staff, the president of the school", and changed the Convocation to the University Council.