What were elementary schools called in ancient times

Question 1: What were schools called in ancient times? China had schools more than 4000 years ago. At that time, the name of the school was called "itch". The higher university was called "upper itch", and the lower elementary school was called "lower itch". During the Xia Dynasty (21st century B.C. - 16th century B.C.), schools were further divided into four levels, which were called "Xue", "Dongxian", "Xixian", "Xixian", "Xixian", "Xixian", "Xixian" and "Xixian", "Western Order" and "School".

By the time of the Shang Dynasty (16th century BC - 1066 BC), the names of these four types of schools were given as: "Xue", "Right Learning", "left school" and "sequence".

In later dynasties, there were also schools set up in the royal residence, called "Piyong", "Chengjun" and so on.

In the Han Dynasty (206 AD - 23 AD), the highest school was called "Taixue", and the following were called "Dongxue", "Xixue", "Xixue" and "Xixue". The following schools were called "East School", "West School", "South School" and "North School". Later on, the name "Taixue" was changed to "Guozixue", "Guozi Temple" and "Guozijian". The Han Dynasty was a relatively prosperous period in the history of ancient Chinese education. Schools in the Han Dynasty were divided into two types: government schools and private schools. One of the private school of the library, also known as monks, the Department of private school nature, equivalent to the elementary school level.

To the nearest Ming Dynasty (1368 AD - 1644 AD), the Qing Dynasty (1644 AD - 1911 AD), the "State Tzu Chi " was no longer a school in nature, and became a state institution specializing in the management of education. At this time, the general school is called "academy", "school hall", "private school" and so on.

In Guangxu 29 years, the Qing Dynasty *** promulgated the "Zao Dingxue Tang Statutes", not only clarified the entire school education system, but also provides for all levels of school curriculum. The elementary school curriculum published in the Statutes of Zao Ding Xue Tang was the first official elementary school curriculum in China.

Question 2: Ancient elementary school and university respectively University

Ancient: a group of people gathered in a specific location to disseminate and absorb knowledge in advanced fields

"Rituals? King System: "The elementary school is on the left side of the south side of the public palace, and the university is in the suburbs." Bao Fu ":" hair and on the University, learning big, fulfill the big section." Lu Wei Note: "University, the east of the King's Palace. Bundle hair, said to become a child." Han Shu? Rituals and Music": "Ancient kings did not teach for the big business, set up a university to teach in the country, set up a zang school in the euphony."

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Elementary school

In China, there was an elementary school in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was previously known as Ziang, Xishu, Zuoxue, and so on, and then it was also known by different names. Official schools such as the four elementary school, within the elementary school, private schools such as the bookstore, township school. Modern elementary school began at the end of the 19th century. Dai Dai Li Ji? Bao Fu "" the ancient eight years old and out on the outside of the house, learn small arts, perform small sections " Northern Zhou Lu defense Note: "Primary school, the Tiger Exam Division Bao's school is also ...... "White Tiger" said: eight years old into the elementary school, fifteen into the University is also. This Prince's gift. "Shangshu Dazhuan" said: the Prince of the Secretary of State, the first son of the great doctor Yuanshi, thirteen years into the elementary school, see the small section and fulfill the small righteousness; twenty and into the University, see the big section and practice the big righteousness. This son of the period of enrollment. Also said: fifteen years into elementary school, eighteen into the big scholars, said the son of the late into the elementary school, to fifteen into the elementary school, its early into the university, eighteen into. The internal rules " said: ten years staring at the external Fu, living outside, learning books count, said the Secretary of State following the teaching of children at home also." Song Zhu Xi "" University Chapter and Verse "preface ":" life at eight years old, since the princes and dukes, to the sons and daughters of the common people, all into the elementary school, and teach to sweep, response, in and out of the section, etiquette, music, archery, imperial, books, the number of the text." Shen Congwen, "Autobiography of Congwen? A Lesson of the Xinhai Revolution": "Around the third year of the People's Republic of China, the local new elementary school was established, and on the fourth year of the People's Republic of China, I entered a new elementary school."

In the Han Dynasty, the name of writing was elementary school. Because the children into the elementary school first learn words, so the name. In the Sui and Tang dynasties, it was a general term for philology, exegesis, and phonetics. The Han Book? Art and literature: "The ancient eight-year-old into the elementary school, so the Zhou official" Bao's palm to raise the state son, teaching the six books, that is, like shape, like things, like the meaning, like the sound, turn the note, false borrowing, the creation of the word of the book also." Sui book? The book of scripture" began with the study of text, exegesis, phonetics works in elementary school. Lu Xun, "Letters to Cao Juren": "Letters to Cao Juren". To Cao Juren": "Mr. Taiyan once taught me elementary school."

Question 3: What does the ancient university elementary school refer to? In ancient times, there were elementary school and universities. University to poetry, books, rituals and music as the content of learning, while the elementary school to text exegesis for the content of the professor, so the elementary school has become the text of the alias. Han Shu? Art and literature," said: "the ancient eight years old into elementary school, so the "Zhou official" Paul's palm to raise the state son, teaching the six books, said the image, like things, like ideas, like sound, turn note, false borrowing, the creation of the word of the book also". Visible, elementary school is the basic education of ancient students, the degree of mastery of elementary school, will affect the development of a person later learning.

We are reading the "University" this classic, has been said in the previous section of the "Record of Learning" in some of the ancient education, it may be worthwhile to take a look at China's ancient university and elementary school is what a thing.

In modern times, people go to elementary school first, then secondary school, and then university. Ancient people also read elementary school first, and then enter the university (too), when there is no concept of secondary school, there is no school at this level.

There are records that show that formal schools already existed in China during the Xia Dynasty. Mencius? Teng Wengong": "set up for the ziang, order, school, school to teach. The Ziang is to raise. The school is for teaching. The order is also for shooting. Xia said school, Yin said order, Zhou said Ziang, learning is three generations ****, are so clear human ethics. Humanity in the upper, small people pro in the lower. There is a king up, will come to take the law, is the king's teacher also."

This is only 67 words, but the content is very rich, this for the interpretation:

1. Historical origin and evolution. The emergence of the school can be traced back to the distant Xia Dynasty. Its evolution, the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties in the establishment of schools in the continuation of this aspect.

2. Name and meaning. Although the three generations have set up schools, but the name is not the same. Xia to "school" for the name, is "teaching" means. Yin to "order" for the name, is the meaning of "shooting". The name "庠" (ziang) of the Zhou means "to raise". Although the names are different, they all mean teaching, education, and indoctrination. Wang Niansun, "Guangya Shuzi": "庠" means "to raise" and "序" means "to shoot", both of which are the names of teaching.

3. The level of the school. "庠", "序", "校" are used as the name of the township school, that is, they are all local schools. "The school is three generations **** of", this "school" means "university", meaning that up to the university, three generations are the same as called "school The meaning is that up to the university, all the three generations are called "learning" in the same way.

4. The nature and mission of the school. The nature and mission of the school. The three generations are consistent, that is, through the study of upbringing to "Mingrenren", so that the human ethics of the manifest understanding. What is meant by "human ethics"? It is the ethical code of human relationships. The ancients thought that the five relationships of father and son, ruler and minister, husband and wife, elder and younger children, and friends were the most important and unchangeable in society, and that these five relationships had to be handled in accordance with certain guidelines, so they were called "human ethics" and "ethics". For example, Mencius? Teng Wengong" said: "The reason why people are human is that they have their own way of being human, if they have enough to eat, wear warm clothes, live comfortably, but do not have an education, then it is close to the beasts. In the beginning, the sages were concerned about this point, so they let Qi be the disciple, and taught human ethics: "Father and son have kinship, ruler and minister have righteousness, husband and wife have distinction, the eldest and youngest have reclassification, and friends have faith." (This sentence is from "Mencius")

5. The role and value of human ethics. For one thing, if the upper echelons of society, such as the lords and ministers, understand human ethics, then the lower echelons of the population will be harmonious and united. This constitutes a harmonious society. Secondly, if a holy king rises up, he will surely come to learn and follow his example, and this will become the teacher of the holy king. Although the latter statement was directed at Teng Wengong, it also highlights the important universal value of "clarifying human relationships". For example, Zhu Xi, "Meng Zi Collection Note": "Teng small, although the benevolent government, may not be able to prosper; but for the king's teacher, although not the world, and its zephyr as well as the world carry on."

Let's talk about the ancient elementary school, which refers to the primary education of children and teenagers. There were elementary school in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and before that they were called Xi Ziang, Xi Xu, and Zuo Xu. Thereafter the names varied. The official school for example, there are four doors elementary school, internal elementary school, private school has a bookstore, township school and so on.

"Primary school" also has a story. Because children in elementary school first learn to read and write, so the Han Dynasty, the literacy is called "elementary school". For example, the Han Book? Yiwen Zhi" has included the character book "Cangjie", "where the will" and so on "where the elementary school ten forty-five articles". Later, as a linguistic term, the connotation of "elementary school" was also expanding. For example, after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, with the appearance of rhyme books, phonetics was also categorized as "elementary school". After the Tang Dynasty, exegesis was also included in "elementary school". "Elementary school" became a general term for philology, phonetics and exegesis, and was used until the end of the Qing Dynasty. Zhang Binglin, a master of Chinese literature, thought that the name "elementary school" was inaccurate, and advocated to change the name to "language and writing science". "Elementary school" is a difficult traditional learning, to be proficient in it is not easy. Lu ...... >>

Question 4: What is the name of the ancient school in China "Li Ji": the order, Xia Hou's order. Wang system": Xia Hou's raise the state old in the east order, raise the common old in the west order. Mengzi - Teng Wengong on "": the order, shooting also. At first, the sequence was a place for teaching archery, and later it developed into a place for all public **** activities of the slave-owning aristocracy, such as political discussions, sacrifices, and old age, as well as a place for educating the children of the slave-owning aristocracy.

Meng Ke: "set up for the ziang school to teach. ...... summer is said to school Yin is said to order week is said to ziang school is three generations **** of, all so Mingren also"

Question 5: What is the school called in ancient China Each period is different, for example, the place of learning is generally called

itching, summer is said to school, Yin is said to ziang, Zhou is said to order. The Zhou Dynasty when private schools just started to set up, and the establishment of the person is generally the vassal gentry in order to cultivate talents, so called "Palace of Learning", more famous is the Qi "Jixi". Spring and Autumn and Warring States and later other dynasties also have similar "school society", "literary society", "poetry society", etc., after the Song "academy After the Song Dynasty, "academies" prevailed and became places for students to study as opposed to "academies". Of course, most of the ancient scholars also lived in monasteries and Taoist temples (I feel that the ancients paid great attention to the study of the scriptures), so the students lived in a similar flavor. As for the place to eat, according to the literature of the Ming Dynasty, it is said that the teachers at that time did not care about the food - to go to school is to beg others, to find their own inn to live (send Dongyang Ma Sheng preface). And generally speaking, the ancients will be their learning-related buildings with very elegant name, what this hall that hall or what what the pavilion (Wen Yuan Ge).

As for the meeting of teachers, this is even more complicated: the Warring States period is a hundred schools of thought, and then called "son" is often powerful, do not want to think of us as a group of gentle scholars. Many of them were violent cults, like the Mohists and Luban, the Zongheng and Hengjiao, and the Warlords. The Moists themselves have a record of infighting over the "refusal of the son of the order". Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism, although they do not advocate "martial arts", but also between the academic "cross swords" to discredit each other, and Confucianism itself later eight points, anyway, it is a fight to the mess. Therefore, at that time, the general meeting is to fight the General Assembly, the debate on the law, organized in the Taoist temple is more (Buddhism in the late Han Dynasty in China to rise).

Question 6: What is the name of the school in ancient China Shuyuan. Is the ancient Chinese folk educational institutions. Beginning just local educational organizations, first appeared in the Tang Dynasty, the formal education system was founded by Zhu Xi, developed in the Song Dynasty. Originally by the rich room, scholars raise their own money, in the mountains and forests in a secluded place to build the schoolhouse, or set up a school field to collect rent, in order to fill the funds. At that time, the famous academy has the white deer cave academy in lushan, jiangxi province, yuelu academy in changsha, hunan province, yingtian academy in shangqiu, henan province, jiangxi province, goose lake academy, hunan province, hengyang shigushan shigu academy, henan province, dengfeng taiwu shan songyang academy, and so on.　　Taixue. It is a national university in ancient China. The name of Taixue began in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Xia, Shang and Zhou, the university's title is different, the five emperors period of the university named Chengjun, in the summer for the east order, in the Shang for the right school, the university of the Zhou Dynasty named Shangziang, in the western suburbs of the king city of Luoyi.

Guo Zi Jian. It is a centralized official school after the Sui Dynasty in ancient China, the highest school in the ancient Chinese education system, also known as Guozixue or Guozi Temple.

Private school. Private school is a kind of ancient Chinese society opened in the family, clan or village within the civil early childhood education institutions. It is a school run by private individuals in the old days, centered on Confucianism, it is an important part of the private school.

Question 7: Ancient China has an elementary school University points elementary school is also called what name I also think that people nowadays are too casual, looking through the family tree, I think my grandparents take the name than ours has a connotation.

Question 8: "What is the meaning of the ancient Chinese so-called" elementary school "What is the meaning of the elementary school" "Primary school" in ancient times is the ancient Chinese philology "Primary school" is not the earliest. "The earliest word does not refer exclusively to the school. In the Western Han Dynasty, the word "literalism" was called "elementary school", and after the Tang and Song dynasties, it was called "elementary school" for self-study. To read, one must first recognize the characters, master the shape, sound and meaning of the characters, and learn to use them. Children in the Zhou Dynasty enrolled in school, first learn six A six books (six A refers to the children's practice of the simpler strokes of the six groups to A start with the stem. The six books are the fingerprints, pictograms, shapes and sounds, the synonyms, the transcription, and the pseudo-borrowing), so the former "textual studies" called "elementary school", "elementary school" is the name derived from it