Humanities education?

Question 1: Modern humanistic educational thought. Modern humanistic education thought is an educational trend prevailing in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. It takes people's "self-realization" as the ultimate goal and advocates the harmonious development of people's personality; Emphasis on cultivating people's integrity, comprehensiveness and creativity; Advocate the application of humanities courses and teaching methods in the education process to stimulate students' learning enthusiasm and creativity. Modern humanistic educational thought has created a free and relaxed learning atmosphere, which has had a far-reaching impact on educational practice in the United States and even the world. Modern humanistic education thought is a popular educational trend in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. It inherits the long-standing tradition of humanistic education in the west, advocates the harmonious development of human personality, and is deeply influenced by various humanistic thoughts revived in the 20th century. Modern humanistic education thought is based on modern humanistic philosophy and psychology, emphasizing the cultivation of human integrity, comprehensiveness and creativity; Advocate the application of humanities courses and teaching methods in the education process, stimulate students' learning enthusiasm and creativity, and create a free and relaxed learning atmosphere. Modern humanistic educational thought has a far-reaching influence on western educational thoughts, educational ideas, educational purposes, educational contents and educational methods. First of all, an overview of humanistic education thought. Humanistic education in the west is a constantly developing concept. Generally speaking, it has experienced the emergence and influence of classical humanistic education, humanistic education and modern humanistic education thoughts, mainly aiming at the fact that the United States only attached importance to students' knowledge structure and ignored students' physical and mental development in the curriculum reform in the 1960s. Modern humanistic education thought inherits the western humanistic education tradition, respects students' value, freedom, morality, rationality and emotion, takes people's "self-realization" as the educational goal, cultivates students' sound personality, and puts forward education and teaching methods that adapt to the laws of students' physical and mental development. In the choice of teaching content, modern humanistic education thought takes students' needs as the core and pays attention to the unity of course content, so that students' emotional development and self-cognitive development can be coordinated and unified. China is now vigorously promoting quality education, so that students not only have professional subject knowledge and skills, but also cultivate students into high-quality talents with the ability to adapt to the rapidly changing society. Pay attention to the development of students' potential, the cultivation of noble morality, and the formation of correct outlook on life and values in the teaching process. This requires that teaching must adapt to people's needs and emphasize people-oriented, rather than people adapting to the teaching process. He has a good stone on Fangshan, which can be used to cut jade. The educational purpose, educational content and teaching methods put forward by the new humanistic educational thought provide reference for the current educational and teaching reform in China.

Question 2: What is the concept of humanistic education? The so-called humanistic education refers to the humanistic education in the European Renaissance. This is an educational thought and practice advocated by progressive thinkers and educators at that time. Starting from the interests of the emerging bourgeoisie and the theory of human nature, it broke through the rule of medieval scholasticism and church obscurantism education, praised people's value and strength, demanded freedom, equality and individual liberation, advocated the educational ideal of cultivating healthy, knowledgeable and versatile new people, and carried out educational innovation accordingly. It has important progressive significance in the history of modern education, and its basic spirit still has beneficial enlightenment to today's education. However, due to its historical limitations, its tendency to be divorced from reality in the subsequent development, and its increasing emphasis on mastering knowledge, this educational thought also had some adverse effects on European education at that time and later.

Question 3: Briefly describe the basic characteristics of humanistic education. Five points of humanism can make us feel involved: the feeling that we are closely related to the big universe.

(1) We will regard nature as our home and cherish it.

(2) interpersonal relationships, we will accept people with a tolerant attitude.

Question 4: Similarities and differences between humanistic education and humanistic education. Humanism is the meaning of human civilization. The theoretical propositions of human civilization include science and technology, culture and art. Humanism is a people-oriented theoretical proposition, which is relatively narrow for the former. Similarities are all theoretical propositions. They are all researchers.

Question 5: What are the characteristics of contemporary humanities education?

Since 1970s, with the overall revival of humanism, humanistic education has also begun its modern revival. Facing the increasingly serious world crisis and human crisis, education has to think about such a question: "What kind of thinking training, what kind of knowledge is more suitable for understanding, and what kind of more effective values can have a more positive impact on human progress rather than a destructive role!" The profound world crisis and human crisis have posed unprecedented challenges to human education, and the important response of education to this challenge is to revive humanistic education.

Nowadays, the revival of humanistic education has become a trend. The contemporary humanistic education view is different from the traditional humanistic education view, which mainly advocates the following ethical values: understanding and peace, human dignity, freedom and responsibility, and respect for nature. Therefore, this view of education advocates: strengthening the teaching of literature, art, ethics, society, history, geography and other humanities; Put the education of values at the top of the whole education; Infiltrate human nature education into the whole process of education to humanize the whole education; Strengthen the education of freedom and responsibility, and regard freedom and responsibility as the core values of modern ethical life.

Generally speaking, the contemporary humanistic education view mainly has the following three propositions.

First, take personality perfection as the ultimate goal of education.

Taking the perfection of personality as the highest or ultimate goal of education is a core view that humanistic education has always adhered to. Nowadays, no matter what the social state of each country is, almost all countries regard "all-round education" and "all-round and harmonious development of human beings" as the ultimate value orientation of education. As far as people's condition is concerned, this educational view is put forward directly against the one-sided development and personality deformity of modern people; As far as education itself is concerned, it is directly put forward in view of the increasingly serious utilitarian tendency of education; As far as the relationship between education and society is concerned, in a sense, it is also put forward in view of the excessive intervention of the state in education after World War II, making education a tool of a certain aspect of society. Undoubtedly, excessive utilitarianism and social instrumentalism in education will inevitably lead to one-sided education and incomplete human development.

Whether it is necessary for education to establish an eternal ultimate goal for itself has always been a controversial issue. Humanistic education view has always held a positive attitude towards this. However, from the perspective of scientism education, the ultimate educational goal is too abstract, too illusory, too romantic and too divorced from reality, so it is meaningless.

However, practice has proved that the ultimate educational purpose is not only necessary, but also should be placed at the highest level of the value system of educational purpose. It is necessary to establish realistic, short-term and concrete educational goals that meet the current actual needs, but this cannot be opposed to the eternal pursuit and belief of education. The eternal ideal educational goal and the current realistic educational goal are very important to education. Without the former, education will have no ideals and beliefs, and it will be vulgar; Without the latter, education will have no practical significance and will be empty and useless; Moreover, without the latter, the former cannot be realized. Lassek and G. Vaideanu, invited education experts of the United Nations, pointed out: "We should not forget the beneficial role of the philosophy of Renaissance and Enlightenment in reforming education, especially the valuable example of ancient Greece. Just like Carl? Karl Marx pointed out that in ancient Greece, hunger, as a powerful and lasting goal, successfully shaped human body and spirit. In any case, educational activities and institutions can only exist if they follow a supreme purpose. " 〔2〕

Human society and its culture seem to be changeable. However, careful observation reveals that some things are basically unchanged beyond the times, and some things change with the times, both of which are very complicated. On the one hand, education must accurately understand what is immutable beyond the times, strive to maintain and inherit the excellent heritage and tradition of human culture, and pass on this immutable and beautiful thing from generation to generation; On the other hand, education must selectively accept things that change with the times with a keen sense. Forgetting the unity of the two, if we only stick to the former, education will inevitably fall into arbitrariness and rigidity; On the contrary, education must be frivolous and superficial [3]. In short, education should have its own eternal foothold anyway, and this foothold is forever and ever ... >>

Question 6: Summarize the educational viewpoints of humanistic educational thoughts (such as Victorino, Erasmus, Moore and others). Test questions, find the right solution! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Erasmus (Desiderius era * * * America

1469- 1536) was a famous humanist and an outstanding educational theorist at the beginning of the 6th century. Born into a pastor's family in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. When I was a child, I studied in a school run by a fraternity. 1492 joined the religious community and became a priest. From 65438 to 0493, he went to Paris University to study theology, but what he was really interested in was the study of Greek and classical literature. Erasmus has been to many European countries, visited and wrote, and met a group of humanists such as Moore. After 1509, he taught theology and Greek in Cambridge University, England, and became the first teacher to spread new knowledge in Cambridge University, which played a lot of roles in stimulating British humanistic thought. Erasmus' masterpiece is Ode to a Fool (15 1 1). His other educational works include: On the Right Educational Methods, The Education of a Christian Prince, On the Moderate Education of Children, On the Moderate Education of Early Teenagers, etc.

Erasmus' educational thoughts mainly include: 1. Criticize the stale scholastic education and advocate the secular education with free personality and harmonious development.

2. Advocate the cultivation of knowledgeable and kind people, and emphasize the role of acquired education and learning.

3. Pay attention to the edifying value of excellent subjects and the teaching of Chinese content.

I think learning needs both hard work and strong interest.

5. Pay attention to the role of teachers in the teaching process and advocate the friendship and harmony between teachers and students.

Rabelais (Francois Rabelais)

1494- 1553) is a famous representative of French humanist educators. He was educated in a monastery and worked as a teacher. Later, he studied medicine at the famous Montpellier Medical College and worked as a doctor and professor of anatomy. In his famous educational novel Biography of the Giant, rabelais made a vivid satire on feudal education and highly praised rabelais's humanistic education thought: 1. He satirized and attacked feudal education in the Middle Ages.

2. Praise and affirm humanities education.

3. Put forward some basic principles of humanistic education. From the viewpoint described in rabelais's novels, we can see the rich content of his humanistic education thought. He pointed out the following basic principles of humanistic education: attaching importance to physical exercise; Attach importance to extensive intellectual education; Pay attention to the attraction of teaching, estimate students' interest and adopt new teaching methods (intuitive teaching, conversation, visit and travel); Advocate aesthetic education and so on.

Thomas? st. thomas more

1478- 1535) is one of the founders of utopian socialism and an outstanding scholar. He was born in a family of judges in London, England, and studied at Oxford University. When Henry VIII was king of England, he held an important position in the country and was later sentenced to death for being falsely accused of treason. Author of Utopia, published in 15 16. The book made the most thorough criticism of the national economy and political system in Britain at that time, pointed out that the basic evil of social life was private property, and painted a socialist outline.

Thomas? Moore's main educational views:

First, it advocates universal compulsory education and equality between men and women. Education is very important in Moore's utopia. Moore pointed out that all children in Utopia will receive a good primary education, which has the nature of universal compulsory education. Male and female citizens on the island can go to libraries and museums for self-study after work. He wants to turn science and art into the property of all workers, so that "utopian citizens are proficient in all contemporary knowledge."

The second is to stipulate a wide range of disciplines and advocate intuitive teaching and mother tongue teaching. In school, besides reading and writing, we also teach ... >; & gt