Civilization in the Nile valley

The Nile Valley civilization (since the 35th century BC) is an ancient Egyptian civilization. Because the Nile River crosses the whole territory of Egypt from northwest to southwest, it is also called the Nile Valley civilization. Egypt is located in eastern Africa, bordering the Arabian desert in the east, the Libyan desert in the west, Nubian desert and waterfalls in the south and the Mediterranean Sea in the north. This is the coast of the Nile Delta with few ports.

The Nile floods every year. In the flooded downstream river bank, it will bring some upstream sediment and humus, and farmers will cultivate on the river bank to promote the development of agriculture. Fertile new farmland produces a large number of surplus products for all kinds of people with special skills gathered in the city every year, thus promoting the rapid development of the city and the circulation of commerce.

Unlike Sumerians, Egyptians can predict the time and size of annual floods, appreciate the benefits of floods to agricultural production, and believe that the God of floods will bring joy to everyone. At the same time, the Nile is like a natural link, connecting the whole basin into a stable and effective whole. The smooth flow of the Nile makes it extremely easy to sail north, while the prevailing north and northwest winds make it effortless to return. So the earliest Nile civilization rose on both sides of the Nile. Ancient Greek historians once called Egypt "the gift of the Nile", which brought the prosperity and development of ancient Egyptian civilization.