Liyuan Culture in Qingdao ["Liyuan" and Liyuan Culture in Qingdao]

The inner courtyard order is a mixed product of urban civilization and traditional rationality: the core of inner courtyard culture is its interpersonal harmony, its popularity and gentleness, its harmonious and economical style. Compared with Hudao Village, around Sifang Road and Laotaidong, the immigrant characteristics of Liyuan culture in Houguan and Xizhen are more obvious, and the spontaneous impulse is more obvious. At the beginning of the last century, local refugees who entered in succession and farmers who fled the land in Shandong counties were the main residents of this desolate urban fringe. Li Desheng, built around factories, docks and railways, is different from Xiaoyanglou, which is the residence for migrant workers to make a living. According to statistics, there were 505 "inner courtyards" built at that time, with rooms16,701and households 10669, which were the main residences of foreign civilians.

The quadrangle in Qingdao is not only different from the quadrangle in Beijing, but also like the alley in Shanghai. On the contrary, it is like the architecture of streets in ancient European cities. There are different forms of "inner courtyard". From the top view, there are glyphs or polygons such as "mouth", "sun", "field" and "eye", which are generally 2 to 3 layers, and the larger ones have 4 or 5 layers. The house facing the street on the first floor has a large area and can be used to open a shop; Upstairs is a single room of more than ten square meters, which is a typical "commercial and residential dual-use room" of that year.

The core of Liyuan culture is its interpersonal harmony, its civilian tenderness and its harmonious style. The inner courtyard order is a mixed product of urban civilization and traditional rationality, which is pluralistic in itself. It not only shows the irresistible yearning for modern lifestyle, but also retains the purity, simplicity, practicality and oneness of agricultural civilization. Here, survival is the first, the most important value standard and the simplest and clearest philosophy of life. On this basis, residents' communication through the inner courtyard is the most authentic, sincere and direct. In a closed small environment, the harmony and mutual assistance of interpersonal relationships is the most remarkable symbol of quadrangle culture. A recent survey by Qingdao historical and cultural researchers shows that the names of dozens of courtyards in Xizhen are almost all names. Usually the name of the investor. Later, some "Liyuan" property rights changed and their names changed. This phenomenon also confirms the power and role of capital in the inner courtyard culture.

In Qingdao, which is full of colonial colors, "Liyuan" is a very important local urban unit, and its social significance and influence on residents spread to families, streets, schools and units. It is not only an intermediate link in the physical sense, but also the most important bunker and performance of civilian life. "Courtyard" is not only home, neighbor and space, but also direction and restriction. Residents' thinking, feelings, habits and behaviors are the direct and indirect results of urban unit "courtyard".

Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 1990s, Qingdao has entered a new period of development. With the widening of roads and the rise of high-rise buildings, many unique "inner courtyards" have been demolished one after another, and their unique lifestyle has disappeared, causing a lot of anxiety and anxiety. Today, we are discussing the protection of "Liyuan" and its culture, which means not only preserving the architectural form of "Liyuan", but also preserving a way of life, a regional cultural tradition and a unique local city memory sample.