Brief introduction of ancient music types of ethnic minorities

Tibetans are a nation that can sing and dance well, and their songs are beautiful, broad and melodious. Tibetan music can be roughly divided into Buddhist music and folk music. The most famous Buddhist music is the ode-free melody sung by Lama.

Tibetan folk songs are loud and sound like a vast plateau and blue sky, with melodious tunes, but they are also dominated by five tones. Song and dance forms are "thanking" and "exceeding excellence" (Guo Zhuang). Some elements of Tibetan music have been absorbed by Han and Western music. Some Han composers imitated the characteristics of Tibetan music and created some songs, such as "Visiting New Cities" and "Qinghai-Tibet Plateau". In recent years, Tibetan songs in Tibet have also incorporated other musical elements. Besides Cai Danzhuoma and Han Hong, who mainly sing Chinese songs, there are many famous Tibetan singers, such as Rongjia, Yadong and Qiongxue Zhuoma.

In the aspect of drama, the traditional Tibetan opera King Gelsall has been excavated and performed.

Manchu music

Manchus live in the northeast of China and Peking. The most famous folk musical instrument of Manchu nationality is the octagonal drum originated from Qing Dynasty. Manchu lullaby "Youyouzha" and other works are very famous and are often covered by modern Chinese.

Korean music

Korean music is basically the same as Korean music. The main musical instruments are the long drum and gayageum. Gayageum is similar to the ancient Zheng in China, but its playing method is also different. It is played on the knee of the sitting board. Music melody has its own unique style.

Mongolian music

Mongolian folk songs are divided into "long tune folk songs" and "short tune folk songs". There are many meaningless homophonic words in Long Tune, which lengthen the singing and have the style of grassland. The most distinctive musical instrument is Ma Touqin, a stringed instrument, which is named after the horse's head decoration usually engraved on the piano column.

Zhuang music

Guangxi is a place where Zhuang people live in compact communities and the hometown of folk songs. Young men and women often sing the opposite. Some people even say that Zhuang people spend more time singing than talking all their lives. Zhuang folk songs are similar to Han music in style, with pentatonic scale as the main feature. Lyrics have obvious antithesis format, and the content is expressed by symbols, metaphors and other means, focusing on communication in life. Sometimes the lyrics also quote China's classical stories and allusions. Zhuang music can be seen in the movie musical Liu Sanjie.

Dai music

Dai music is similar to the music styles of Myanmar and Thailand in South Asia, with soft tunes. Typical musical instruments are cucurbit silk and elephant foot drum, and the unique timbre of cucurbit silk is the Dai music style as soon as it is played.

Naxi ancient music

Naxi ancient music is music played by Naxi elders in Lijiang, Yunnan. It is said that it was introduced from the Central Plains in the Ming Dynasty. Due to inconvenient transportation and little contact with the outside world, it has been handed down in its original flavor. At present, only a group of old bands can play, and successors are being trained. It is a living fossil of China14th century music, which has aroused widespread concern in the music industry.

Folding Dong Music

Dong's Da Ge is the only folk song system in China that adopts harmony. It's basically a female voice, cappella. The harmony of each part of the voice is very harmonious. It caused a sensation in the world and won many awards.

Uygur music

Uyghur music is basically Arabic music style, which pays great attention to rhythm. With tambourine, you can play dozens of different rhythms. The main musical instruments are Dutar and Gerwav, which are suitable for playing immediately, and the biggest one is not playing in winter. Twelve Muqam is the traditional music of Uygur nationality, which is all-encompassing and the source of many folk music.

Tajik music

Tajik music is very different from Han music. Make good use of semitone, and the melody is euphemistic and changeable, such as Shan Ying's singing. The most typical one is the song written by composer Lei Zhenbang for the film "The Visitor on the Iceberg", which fully uses the melody of Tajik folk songs.

Aquarium music

The folk musical instruments of the Shui nationality mainly include bronze drums, big leather drums, lusheng, huqin and suona, which are mostly used for festivals and funerals. Among these musical instruments, the bronze drum is the oldest, loudest and most national. ?

The water area used to be called the kingdom of bronze drums. One quarter to one fifth of families in each village own bronze drums. There are several villages with 20 households near Tingpai Township, each village has 6 to 8 bronze drums, and 30 households in Shuidazhai in Jiuqian area have 13 bronze drums. It is estimated that only Sandu County has preserved more than 300 bronze drums before. This shows that bronze drums are widely circulated among the people of Shui nationality, and there are a large number of them. ? The bronze drums in the Shui nationality area are between 1.5 feet and 2 feet wide, and most of them are handed down from generation to generation without being buried. The drum surface and drum body are mostly Yun Leiwen and geometric patterns, mostly Majiang style and Shizhaishan style.

Yi music

Yi nationality is one of the nationalities who can sing and dance well in China. Yi people have various traditional tunes, such as climbing mountains, entering doors, welcoming guests, eating wine, getting married and mourning. No matter men, women and children, everyone can sing a few songs. Some tunes have fixed words, some don't, and they are all improvisations. Folk songs are divided into male and female voices. The male voice is vigorous and high-pitched, and the female voice is soft and delicate. Local folk songs have their own unique styles, such as the famous songs "Horse Run" and "Guests from afar, please stay". Yi musical instruments extracted from Yi folk tunes include Hulusheng, Mabu, Bawu, Kouxian, Yueqin, flute, Sanxian, Chime, Tonggu, Daping Drum and Kekejue Black.

Hulusheng, Ma Bu, Bawu, Kouxian, Yueqin, Flute, Sanxian, Chime, Tonggu, Daping Drum, Kekejue Black, etc.

Jing nationality music

Single-stringed Qin, also known as musical instrument, is a unique national musical instrument of the Jing nationality. It is simple in structure, beautiful in timbre, rich in timbre, elegant in melody and changeable. When playing, it is very popular with the Jing people, such as hitting the shore, like birds getting up early, like running water in the mountains. The single-stringed piano is made of more than half a bamboo tube (or a rectangular wooden box made of several pieces of wood) and is about two and a half feet long. At one end, a log post at right angles to the piano body is inserted, and at the other end, a handle is mounted, on which a string is tied, and the string is connected to the small post. You can play beautiful music with a small piece of bamboo. Whenever the bright moon is in the sky, the violinist plucks the strings, and the melodious sound of the piano flies into the sky. Everyone is listening to moving music in the evening breeze, which makes them feel interesting. When playing piano solo, you must adjust the rocker from time to time, and you can dial a higher musical tone when expanding the string; When the strings relax, the music becomes deeper. Because the strings are relaxed or unfolded by pushing and pulling the rocker with the left hand, it is necessary to pause when playing, thus forming a short and long pronunciation rule. Usually, the sound duration is short, and the whole process changes from strong to weak, from weak to strong, and constantly changes.

Traditional music played by Dan Xian Leqin includes "Mountain Flowing Water", "Riding Horse" and "Gambling", among which "Mountain Flowing Water" is the most popular.

Daur music

Daur people are good at singing and dancing, and there are many forms of folk music, such as folk songs and counterpart songs and dances.

Quyi music

China is a multi-ethnic country, and the Quyi music of 55 ethnic minorities presents rich and colorful characteristics because of their different development history, geographical environment, national culture, language and rhyme, and folk customs. Such as Big Ben of Bai nationality, Gesaerzhong of Tibetan, Lamamani and Zhega, Wuligeer and Haolaibao of Mongolian, Dastain and Laipai of Uygur Manchu, Kesa and Aites of Kazak, Pan Suobao of Korean, Molun of Zhuang, Singh He, Yimakan of Hezhe, Pipa of Dong, Gabaifu and Geha of Miao. Among many kinds of songs, some have a long history and ancient traditions; Some of them developed gradually under the influence of Han nationality or other nationalities.

The folk art music of ethnic minorities has strong local color, mass and nationality. Most of them rap the historical stories of their own nation, and their lyrics are often epic, powerful in tone, clear and steady in rhythm, dignified in color and magnificent in style; Some music comes from ethnic and folk sacrificial ceremonies and wizard activities, which are closely related to local beliefs and folk activities. Their music is melodious and melodious, and their singing forms are often dancing or playing while singing. There are also some songs that rap folk stories, myths and legends, and the tunes are mostly developed from folk songs, which are lyrical and beautiful, subtle and affectionate; There are also some songs whose lyrics are impromptu praises and eulogies. Their tunes are smooth and lively, and some are full of humor, which is deeply loved by the people of this nation.

This is an art form in which ethnic minorities express their thoughts, feelings, will and wishes through tunes and lyrics. Many ethnic minority areas are called "the sea of songs" and "the hometown of music", and singing is accompanied by their labor, production, social and entertainment activities. They sing while grazing, they sing happily in agricultural production, they express their love at weddings, and they sing sadness when they miss their homeland. We can see such a scene from the movie Sister Liu. Liu Sanjie's duet is very famous in Zhuang area of Guangxi. Many ethnic groups also have singing festivals, such as the "Flower Festival" of Hui and Salar, the "Dragon Boat Festival" of Miao, the "Mulberry Picking Festival" of Dong, the "Yingpo Singing Festival" of Buyi, the "karaoke hall" of Yao and the "Torch Festival" of Yi. Minority folk songs, especially love songs, are widely used in movies. Love songs occupy a large proportion in minority folk songs, or on the grassland, in Shan Ye, or by the fire pond in the moonlight ... where there is beautiful love, there is beautiful singing. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 500 kinds of musical instruments in 55 ethnic minorities in China, including playing, beating, beating and percussion, and each instrument is full of rich expressions. On the basis of the performance of these distinctive musical instruments, different styles of music have been produced, such as Muqam and Nagra of Uygur, the Sixth Son of Tujia, Baisha and Moonlight of Naxi, Lusheng music and Tonggu music of Miao, Zhuang, Yi, Dong, Yao and Lahu, which are also very famous. In the film Love Song of Lusheng, composer Lei Zhenbang chose Lusheng, a commonly used instrument of Lahu nationality, to accompany the song, and also extracted the melody of the song from Lahu folk songs.

China minority music is an inseparable and important part of the whole China music culture. The 55 ethnic minorities in China are good at singing and dancing, and all of them have excellent and unique music created and passed down by their own ethnic groups, showing their own existence value. As early as about 5,000 years ago, the Chinese music culture, which was formed by the confluence of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, showed a trend of diversified origin and mixed development, and constantly absorbed the essence of the surrounding minority music. At the same time, it infiltrated and merged with the minority music culture, and gradually formed a rich and colorful China national music.

Every ethnic minority in China has its own development history and cultural background, and the music culture of all ethnic groups formed on this basis has a variety of music schools. Like the Han nationality, the music of ethnic minorities can be divided into folk songs, folk instrumental music, folk songs and dances, folk rap art and folk opera music.