What enlightenment does the ecological wisdom contained in Chinese civilization provide for the construction of ecological civilization in contemporary China?

Let’s talk about environmental protection and technology 1. Beyond traditional industrial technology One of the characteristics that distinguishes humans from other animals is that humans can create and use tools, and can also use special text symbols to explain nature.

That is to say, humans have more technological capabilities than other animals.

With the help of this ability, human beings can create something that does not exist in nature - human civilization.

Technology is constantly evolving, and so is human civilization.

Ten thousand years ago, under the pressure of population resources, mankind transformed from a hunting and fishing civilization to a traditional farming civilization.

Traditional farming civilization has gone through two stages. The first stage is the Bronze Age. China's Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty belong to the Bronze Age.

The second stage is the Black Iron Age. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period belong to the Black Iron Age.

With the popularization of iron smelting and casting technology, traditional ideologies and social systems began to collapse because they could not adapt to the requirements of new productivity.

Until the Qin Dynasty unified China in 221 BC, a Chinese civilization of "iron farm tools + small peasant economy + monarchical bureaucracy + Confucian, Taoist and legal ideology" was formed.

Although there have been various natural disasters and wars during the 10,000 years of agricultural civilization, mankind is generally stable and safe because the mainstream science and technology at that time complied with the laws of nature.

Traditional farming civilization has limited ability to utilize natural resources and is highly dependent on nature. They respect nature.

China's Xia Dynasty four thousand years ago stipulated that no trees were cut down in spring, no fishing was allowed in summer, and no hunting or hunting of young animals or obtaining bird eggs was allowed; during the Zhou Dynasty three thousand years ago, strict regulations were imposed on hunting, bird-catching,

Time for fishing, felling trees, and burning wasteland; the Qin Dynasty two thousand years ago prohibited the collection of newly sprouted plants in spring, the catching of young wild animals, and the poisoning of fish and turtles.

Throughout Chinese dynasties, there have been clear laws and prohibitions on environmental protection.

Farmers of all generations in China have known the principle of "take from the land and use it in the land". The orange stems produced from the land and the excrement after consuming food are returned to the land as farmyard manure, maintaining the recycling of land energy.

, China’s cultivated land has not degraded for thousands of years.

Farmers' cutting down of forest firewood is also controlled within a limited scope, so that the fuel around the village can be used sustainably.

The expansion of China's population has also brought about periodic wars, and periodic wars have compressed the population back within the boundaries of natural resources.

Any technological system in the world should be limited to a certain range of resources and support a specific population and civilization.

The technology of traditional Chinese farming civilization has never gone beyond human power, animal power and iron farm tools.

People consciously arrange their production and life according to the total amount of cultivated land, mountains, forests, grasslands and water resources.

Due to the formation of a set of unique, self-regulating, and sustainable survival wisdom, the Chinese nation and Chinese civilization continue to this day.

The scientific and technological revolution represented by Newtonian mechanics, spinning machines, and steam engines in modern Western countries has caused mankind to break away from agricultural civilization and quickly move towards traditional industrial civilization.

Compared with traditional farming civilization, traditional industrial civilization developed more mineral resources through brand-new scientific and technological means, intensively utilized more land and forests, brought about the expansion of human wealth and total population, and formed a

A society that is fundamentally oriented toward expanding material consumption.

The total amount of energy consumed in the last century alone far exceeds the total consumption of mankind over thousands of years.

The traditional industrial civilization's massive development, mass production, mass consumption, and massive pollution-emission production and lifestyle have spread endlessly, finally forcing a global ecological crisis.

Human beings have finally deeply felt the limitations of the earth's resources and environment.

The so-called modernization process is the process of converting natural resources into usable wealth. The so-called modern society is a society with high per capita resource consumption and large pollution emissions.

Due to the increase in population, material desires, and the development needs of industry and commerce, per capita resource consumption has skyrocketed.

Taking water as an example, each person consumed 12 liters of water per day in BC, about 20 to 40 liters in the Middle Ages, and increased to 60 liters in the 18th century. Now, the per capita water consumption in developed countries reaches 500-600 liters per day.

According to relevant statistics, industrialized countries need about 300 kilograms of natural resources for every 100 US dollars of income generated, and per capita needs 45,000-85,000 kilograms of natural resources every year.

If China wants to reach the per capita consumption level of industrialized countries, for example, if all 1.3 billion Chinese people replace bicycles with cars, it will not consume 5.46 million barrels of oil per day in 2003, but will consume 81 million barrels per day, far exceeding

The world’s current total oil consumption. Are there so many resources on the earth for us to consume?

Do we have the ability to harmlessly dispose of the large amounts of pollutants produced?

China's rapid economic growth in recent years is due to its comprehensive inheritance of the traditional Western industrial development model, and also due to China's excessive consumption of local energy.

In the 10 years from 1990 to 2001, China's oil consumption increased by 100% (from 118 million tons to 235 million tons), natural gas increased by 92% (from 11.4 billion cubic meters to 27.7 billion cubic meters), and steel consumption increased by 143% (from 11.4 billion cubic meters to 27.7 billion cubic meters).

67 million tons to 163 million tons), copper increased by 189% (from 729,000 tons to 2.11 million tons), aluminum increased by 380% (from 724,000 tons to 3.545 million tons), zinc increased by 311% (from 369,000 tons)

to 1.523 million tons), and ten nonferrous metals increased by 276% (from 2.17 million tons to 8.16 million tons).