Is Changde Sixian full of local flavor?

Changde Sixian is an important branch of Hunan Sixian, the most developed and influential one in Hunan Sixian, and it has the status of an independent school.

All over Hunan, it is called Sixian when it is accompanied by stringed instruments such as dulcimer, pipa, sanxian and huqin. Because singing in Changde dialect, it is also called Changde Sixian.

Changde is one of the important birthplaces of Xiangchu culture. Since ancient times, the wind of singing and dancing has prevailed, and it is also a place where celebrities and scholars gather. Known as "the country of cultural relics" and "the cave of humanity".

Local culture has always been influenced and edified by literary masters. Qu Yuan, Wang Anshi, Lu You, Yuan Hongdao and others left many excellent works here, which added gorgeous colors to Changde culture and raised the local song and dance customs to a new height.

According to the records of Changde government records, since Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Garden" was handed down from generation to generation, scholars of all ages, such as Yuxi and Song Sushi, have also gathered in the Peach Blossom Garden many times, and their poems are very similar to Changde Sixian's ci. Since then, Peach Blossom Garden has been regarded as the embryonic form of Changde Sixian's early lyrics by artists.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Changde City's economy further prospered, and businessmen from all over the country gathered. Accompanied by musicians and singers from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, they traveled back and forth between Yuan and Li, and their seasonal tunes gradually spread in the lakeside area.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, a large number of foreigners poured into Changde, which made the folk art widely exchanged. Wang Fu's entertainment activities undoubtedly have a great influence on the development of folk songs and dances.

In this environment, a unique local school-Changde Sixian has gradually formed. It inherits the Tang poetry, has the form of talking and singing, draws lessons from the musical mode of tune, Yuan Zaju and Kunqu opera, absorbs nutrition from local and provincial folk songs and seasonal ditties, is inclusive, and sings in Changde dialect, which is easy to understand.

After the mid-Qing Dynasty, due to the prosperity of commerce, Changde's culture and art also developed greatly. Changde Sixian's singing activities gradually moved from literati's self-entertainment to the market. In addition, Changde people have the habit of drinking tea in a big bowl, so Changde Sixian found the pregnant placenta in the teahouse. In order to attract business and make a lively appearance, business owners have invited Sixian artists to sing to express their congratulations.

With the increasing popularity of the silk string art, geisha who sang ditty as their profession appeared in Daoguang period. Sixian clubs have appeared everywhere, and a number of accomplished Sixian artists have emerged. Together with the literati, they sorted out and compiled the songs of Sixian. Among them, what has the greatest influence? His traditional songs are "Double Down the Mountain", "Er Li" and "Dai Yu Buries Flowers" 10.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Xiao Fuxiang published a woodcut songbook of Sixian County in Changde's office. Changde and Lixian formed a street where workshops carved songbooks, including tracks such as Meng Jiangnv Looking for a Husband, and some minor tunes called "Tune" or "Tangbandiao". Since then, the Qupai in Changde Sixian County has spread in the streets.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the introduction of western music and Peking Opera had a certain influence on the development of Changde Sixian music. At this time, Sixian singing activities radiated from the city to the countryside.

In order to meet the needs of long-term performances, Sixian artists turned their attention to China's traditional operas, transplanted their repertoires, and learned from the singing methods of China's traditional operas, thus forming the "old road" of Changde Sixian and singing long stories easily.

The famous Sixian Xu and others also reformed the tunes from Sichuan, and created a new tune of "Sichuan Road" by imitating the "old road", which made the piano tune of Sixian music more perfect and popular in the Yuan and Li Dynasties.

Changde Sixian music has a unique charm and touching charm with its complete structure, unique singing method, flexible and free performance form and colorful accompaniment techniques, which is enduring and deeply loved by people.

Changde Sixian music has a relatively complete system, and its musical function is also unique. It has the characteristics of combining narrative and lyric, which can not only express historical stories, but also rap folk customs.

Moreover, in the singing method, it is mainly lyrical, with special emphasis on the methods of "singing in speaking, singing in singing, singing from words, and using rhyme to turn to sound". While emphasizing colloquialism and rap, we should pay attention to the beauty, elegance and lyricism of melody.

In the traditional Changde Sixian music, there are more than 300 kinds of tunes, most of which are based on historical stories and folklore. It is divided into three types: Qupai style, plate cavity and mixed style.

Qupai style, also known as brand Sixian, is a kind of divertimento music, which connects many qupai with complete and independent contents to reflect the same theme. It is the most basic and common form of Changde Sixian singing.

Commonly used songs/kloc-more than 0/00. These tunes with different contents, styles and techniques have fully demonstrated their respective characteristics and elegant demeanor through long-term singing practice.

Some of these tunes can be combined with other tunes to sing alone, and some are only suitable for singing alone, but most of them are combined with other tunes to play a good overall function.

Because several tunes with different melodies, different structures, different rhythms and even different tonality are used for singing, the expressive force of music is greatly enriched, thus achieving a more perfect artistic effect.

Banqiang, also known as Bansixian, is a kind of banqiang music with the characteristics of China traditional opera music and an important part of Changde Sixian music. It has a systematic and sincere singing style, and is an essential basic music for singing large-scale Sixian operas.

It includes "Old Road" and "Luchuan". Most of the "old roads" are deep and vigorous, magnificent and stirring; "Lu Chuan" is generally clear and broad, vigorous and powerful.

There is also mixing, which means that there are both Qupai genre music and banqiang music in a track, or Qupai is mixed with one board, or all kinds of "old" and "Sichuan" boards are mixed with one or more Qupai. This structure is mostly used for medium and long tracks.

In Changde Sixian music, whether it is short stories, novellas or long stories, whether it is Qupai style, board cavity or mixing, it pays great attention to the structural principle of "ascending, flattening and descending". Its musical melody is characterized by a five-degree jump.

The sentence structure of Changde Sixian is mostly two sentences, four sentences and long and short sentences. Two-sentence style is very common in Qupai style tunes, and the basic structural principle is that the board cavity is composed of upper and lower sentences. Four-sentence style usually constitutes a musical paragraph according to the principle of continuous rotation, which is a common structural form in Qupai style tunes. The style of long and short sentences changes with the structure of decontamination sentences.

Changde Sixian has various patterns and colors. Qupai music is dominated by demand mode, business mode, palace mode and feather mode, with less angular mode.

Changde Sixian is sung in Changde dialect centering on Laogaoshan Street in Changde, which is understandable not only by southerners, but also by Renye Fang North Renye Fang. Its singing method not only conforms to the aesthetic habits of the broad masses of the people, but also has its own characteristics.

Changde people speak dialects like singing, especially women, with a gentle and graceful tone, like a breeze blowing on their faces. Therefore, some people say that "Changde Sixian music is the music of language, but language is the language of music". The two familiar words "Yi Er Yo, Ya Yi Yo" seem to have put a label on Changde Sixian, where you can see it at a glance.

Changde Sixian not only emphasizes colloquialism and rap, but also pays more attention to the aesthetic feeling, lyricism and musicality of melody, making the line cavity soft, graceful and euphemistic, or cheerful, jumping and humorous. The artist thinks that "if the pronunciation is heavy, the listener will automatically tolerate it." Artists pay attention to "tune from the word, the sound turns with the rhyme", which makes the melody more lively and dignified.

Due to dialects, artists' hobbies and interests, and the needs of plot development, different artists will sing different charms for the same tune and the same track, resulting in different works with the same tune; Even if the same tune is sung by the same artist, different intonation techniques may be used when using the cavity, and the melody changes can be obtained by moistening the cavity. Artists' different singing characteristics have gradually formed different styles and genres.

The traditional singing method of Changde Sixian attaches great importance to self-playing and self-singing, and one person has many angles. It requires an actor to have a sweet and crisp voice, plus a cavity-moistening technique suitable for the characters in the plot. By changing the tune, they can rap stories and portray various characters.

According to the needs of rap and storytelling, actors should be able to enter the role at any time, that is, "in and out", sometimes as rappers and sometimes as characters in the play.

There have always been many singers with profound singing skills in Sixian County, Changde. Through their continuous inheritance and development, Changde Sixian is catchy, easy to sing, easy to remember and easy to learn, and is deeply loved by the masses.

The traditional singing method of Changde Sixian is sitting singing, and most of them sing long-tune Sixian with stories and characters. There are usually six singers. When performing, we pay great attention to sitting posture. Artists say "dulcimer versus drum board, Gao Hu versus erhu, sanxian versus pipa". Performers should be able to play and sing themselves, one person from multiple angles, and use vocal cavity to shape the lives, beauty and ugliness of various characters and rap stories.

If there are more roles than singers in the repertoire, everyone will play a main role and then play concurrently. Changde Sixian singing places are generally houses, halls and teahouses.

The main accompaniment instrument of Changde Sixian is Huqin, whose drum is bigger than ordinary Jinghu and smaller than Erhu. Hu Si is the main instrument in Lixian area. Sometimes, according to the needs of the program, it is also useful for Jinghu or Gao Hu.

The traditional bangu used in Sixian County of Changde is a special kind of small bangu, which looks like an inverted rice bowl and is made of a big bamboo bag. Later, Sixian was added to the percussion music of Han operas and dramas, which was used to render the atmosphere in the cut music.

There are five basic methods in the accompaniment of silk string aria: supporting cavity, wrapping cavity, lining cavity, padding cavity and adding flowers.

There are more than 100 traditional songs in Sixian County of Changde, among which excellent traditional songs such as "Baoyu Crys", "Drunkenness Beats the Gate of the Mountain", "Double Down the Mountain", "Wang Po Scold Chicken" and "Zhaojun Chusai" have been deeply loved by the masses.