Produced in Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome's classical columnar style in the subsequent several periods of architectural history from time to time. Try to list four periods to illustrate the characteris

Produced in Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome's classical columnar style in the subsequent several periods of architectural history from time to time. Try to list four periods to illustrate the characteristics of its application of columnar style Roman columns The Romans inherited the Greek columns, according to the new aesthetic requirements and technical conditions to transform and develop. They perfected the Corinthian column, widely used to build large-scale, ornate buildings, and created a hybrid column in the Corinthian capitals plus Ionic capitals, more gorgeous. They adapted the Greek Doric column style and developed the Tuscan column style with reference to the Etruscan tradition. The differences between these two types of columns are not great, the former retaining the trillon plate of the Greek Doric columns in the gable, while the latter has no fluting in the column body. The Ionic column style changed less, only changing the base of the column to a disk and a square plate. The Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Hybrid styles were known to Renaissance architects as the five column styles of Rome. The differences in style were much smaller than those of the Greek Ionic and Doric columns, and thus lost their distinctiveness. The Romans created new combinations of columns, the most important being the couplet. Vitruvius, in his Ten Books of Architecture, gave quite detailed quantitative regulations for columns themselves and for combinations of columns, using the radius of the base of the column as the unit of measurement. He noted that these regulations should be adjusted as necessary according to the specific conditions of building size and location. Columns as a basic means of architectural shape, popular in the Roman Empire, the formation of a unified Roman architectural style.

Ancient Greece 1, Tauric Columnar or Doric Columnar DORIC ORDER: is a kind of column without the base of the column, placed directly on the base of the steps, by a series of drum-shaped stone one by one base up, the more robust and grandiose. The surface of the body of the column is carved with continuous grooves from top to bottom, and the number of grooves varies between 16 and 24. It comes from Ancient Egypt, and the famous Pre-Tauric column style, named by French Egyptologists, was the forerunner of this Greek column style. Doric columns are also known as male columns. The famous Acropolis (Athen Acropolis) of the Parthenon (Parthenon) that is the use of Doric columns.

2, Ionic Order: this column is more slender and lightweight and rich in exquisite carvings, the column is longer, thin on the bottom of the thick, but no curvature, the grooves of the column is deeper, and is semicircular. Above the head of the column has a decorative band and is located on the two connected to the composition of the large circular scroll, scroll on the top plate directly frieze beam. All in all, it gives a relaxed, lively, free-spirited and feminine air. Ionic columns are also known as female columns. Because of its elegant and noble temperament, Ionic columns are widely seen in a large number of ancient Greek buildings, such as the Acropolis of Athens Temple of Victory (Temple of Athena Nike) and the Temple of Erechtheum.

3, Corinthian column Corinthian order: it may first appear in Athens Olympus Temple of Zeus, four sides have scroll-shaped decorative patterns, and surrounded by two rows of foliage, especially the pursuit of fine proportionality, appear very gorgeous and slender. Greek Corinthian column (Corinthian Order) than the columns of the Ionian more slender, the column head is the image of Lonicera (or that with the mullein leaves (Acanthus) for the decorations, similar to the full of flowers and grasses in the shape of the flower basket). Compared to the Ionic column style, the Corinthian column style is more decorative, but it was not widely used in Ancient Greece, and the Temple of Zeus in Athens (Temple of Zeus) used the Corinthian column style.

Typical Greek columns are Doric, Ionic and Corinthian columns and other three types of Greek columns later for the Roman inheritance and development. The so-called classical columns, including the ancient Greek Jade columns and later developed in ancient Rome Taskean columns and combinations of columns, *** called the classical five-column

Ancient Rome, five types of columns (Roman Doric columns, Roman Ionic columns, Roman Corinthian columns, Taskean columns, mixed columns)

Influence After the demise of the Western Roman Empire (476), most of the regions of Europe, columnar building no longer popular. In Italy, although the style still exists, but the details and combination are not very strict, and there is a big difference with the Roman columnar style.

Italian Renaissance architects, re-use of Roman columns as the basic means of architectural modeling, the pursuit of the purity of style. 16th century, the second half of the Mannerism, produced two trends. One is the deliberate pursuit of oddity, at the expense of destroying the structural logic of the columns to create a new architectural image, such as spiral columns, broken frontal square, uneven openings, groups of columns, etc., this trend was inherited by the 17th-century Baroque architecture. The other is deliberately seeking the same, to the five types of columns ci fixed rigid norms, eliminating the prevalence of variants of the Roman period, to make the amount of harsh and fine provisions, this dogmatic trend was inherited by the 17th century classical architecture. Baroque architecture popular in Italy and other countries and some parts of Latin America; Classical architecture popular in France and North America and other places. They both created some new combinations of columns. But the two in individual techniques of mutual penetration. Later, the influence of classical architecture was greater than that of Baroque architecture. Especially after France became the center of European architectural education, dogmatic columns became the mainstream in Europe, which lasted until the 1930s. But the decoration is still mostly baroque techniques.