The gradual disappearance of natural villages

Feng Jicai, vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and counselor of the State Council, revealed that the latest statistics of relevant departments show that there were 3.6 million natural villages in China before 2005, but now there are only 2.7 million, and about 80 to/kloc-0.00 natural villages disappeared in one day.

In Feng Jicai's view, many traditional villages are just a thick ancient book, but many of them have died out before they can be read, so it is urgent to protect traditional villages. Fortunately, the relevant national ministries and commissions have started this huge protection project.

Every traditional village has its own unique customs. Feng Jicai said that the Great Wall is the largest material cultural heritage in China, but the village is the largest intangible cultural heritage.

Feng Jicai: First, traditional villages are better historical buildings; Second, the site selection and pattern have their own characteristics and history; Third, the village has valuable intangible cultural heritage, which has been included in the national intangible cultural heritage list. In the process of rapid modernization and urbanization, many traditional villages have disappeared. We are doing a survey today. Strictly speaking, there are no villages in the traditional sense in Shandong Province. A few years ago, when we went to Shanxi, we could still see traditional villages in some places, but now some of them have disappeared.

Professor of Tsinghua University Architecture Department is a student of Liang Sicheng and Lin. Since 1989, he has led the research group of vernacular architecture in the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University for more than 20 years, and has been running around traditional villages, specializing in the research and protection of vernacular architectural heritage. Professor Chen said that vernacular architecture is a window in front of future generations, clearly projecting one's past life.

Some people also question why people in traditional villages must still live a miserable life because of the progress and development of society. Feng Jicai responded that there is no contradiction between protecting traditional villages and improving the quality of life of local people.

How to better protect the traditional villages scattered in every corner has become an urgent problem. Feng Jicai said that the Ministry of Culture, National Cultural Heritage Administration and other departments have jointly formulated the "Protection and Development Project of Traditional Villages in China", which requires a comprehensive inventory of traditional villages and a one-to-one protection plan after understanding their family background.

Feng Jicai said that the protection of traditional villages will be a huge project, which may not be completed in ten or eight years, but it is just like the torch relay. It is the cultural responsibility of their generation to carefully pass on the essence left by their predecessors to the next generation.

In the list of 646 traditional village protection announced by the state today, seven of them are in Hainan Province. As the essence of local culture, traditional village culture has attracted wide attention from all walks of life.

China disappears about 100 natural villages every day.

Nowadays, the rural areas of China are marching into the cities of China at an unprecedented speed. No one can tell when the disappearance of a village began and when it will end.

As an expert in the protection of ancient villages, Feng Jicai said at the 20 14 National Conference that there are 5,000 ancient villages that can represent or embody China's farming culture, such as folk houses, classic buildings, folk customs, intangible cultural heritage, etc. At present, there are less than 3,000. At present, Feng Jicai has gone to Shandong for investigation, but there is no complete original ecological ancient village in Qilu. He criticized that the urban cultural tragedy is shifting to the countryside, and called for strengthening the protection of ancient village culture in the process of urbanization transformation.

Compared with the overall situation of China, in the process of urbanization or various major projects, a large number of villages have also been relocated due to demolition, and the original natural villages are disappearing.

Historically, the disappearance of villages in Hainan is nothing more than the following:

First, natural disasters will destroy a village. The most representative is 1605, where the Qiongbei earthquake sank dozens of villages in Dongzhai Port. In addition, some villages in Wenchang, Qionghai, Wanning, Lingshui and other cities and counties were also destroyed by typhoons in history. After some villages were destroyed, the villagers gave up their original locations and moved to other places.

Second, the destruction of natural ecology makes the living environment harsh and difficult to survive. For example, in Kewen village, the local land is hardened, and the condition of crops is obviously worse than that of nearby vegetation. Coupled with the perennial drought and rain, the locals gave up their homes and moved to other places.

The third is the devastating plunder of war and pirates. There are many examples of pirates plundering Hainan villages in the historical materials of Hainan local chronicles. During World War II, Japanese invaders often burned and killed some villages.

Fourth, some unknown phenomena make some villages decline. There are some villages in historical materials that only left the village names, but why they gave up is unknown to us today. But there are still villages that disappear like this today. Such as "one person, one village" —— Qizhaoshang Village, changpo town, Qionghai. Qizhaoshang village was originally a small village with more than 20 people. Later, due to the natural death of the population, female villagers remarried, and some villagers immigrated, leaving only one person. Similarly, Sanya used to have Yalong Bay Village.

Protect traditional villages

around the corner

Villagers who made money in the city returned to the village and successively demolished old houses and built cement and steel houses. While our economy is developing at a high speed, most ancient villages, such as dying old people, are far away from this world.

Active abandonment and urbanization are the biggest reasons for the deformation and even disappearance of traditional villages.

In the documentary "The Disappeared Village", the village where Lu and his son live is becoming the home of the old, weak, women and children, just like many remote villages in China. Most of the strong men here used to rush to the city. Lao Lu led a group of old, weak and disabled soldiers to stay in this declining village, but the migration of "the top" forced them to give up the place where this generation thrived. What is even more frightening is that their descendants, represented by two sons of Lao Lu, Lushan and Lu Guo, have already decided in their bones that the outside world is more exciting.

According to statistics, in 20 1 1 year, China's urbanization rate exceeded 50% for the first time, which means that China's urban population exceeded the rural population, which is bound to cause profound social changes in the future. Some people say that China has gone through 200 years of urbanization in the West in 30 years. "Urbanization" has hollowed out many rural areas.