In China, what is the dividing standard between youth and middle age?

China is a youth according to the Youth League of China: 14-28 years old.

Middle age is between "youth" and "old age", and there is no clear age division, generally referring to 45 to 59 years old.

The definition of youth changes with the changes of political, economic, social and cultural environment. According to the new age classification determined by the World Health Organization, the upper age limit of young people has been raised to 44.

From 1995 to 2000, the estimated world youth population increased from10.26 million to10.66 million, and its proportion in the global population decreased from 18. 1% to 17.6%. With the aging of the world population, it is predicted that by 2050, the proportion of young people in the global population will continue to drop to 13.2%, and the total number of young people aged 15-44 will be165438+76 million.

Extended data:

Object research has always been an important field of youth research, and it is the basis of youth research to find out the characteristics and development of youth groups in various fields of society. Among them, the study of the only child, the study of young workers and the study of rural youth have always occupied the focus position and maintained academic enthusiasm in the 30 years of reform and opening up.

1, young only child

As a unique population policy in the world, China's one-child policy has attracted wide attention from academic circles at home and abroad. Psychology, pedagogy, sociology, demography, physical education and other disciplines have all studied this. During the 30 years of the study of the only child, three typical analytical frameworks have been formed: policy argumentation framework, individualism framework (micro-framework) and social structure framework (macro-framework).

Under the framework of policy demonstration, there are mainly problems such as the necessity of the one-child policy, the advantages of the one-child and his family, the implementation of the one-child policy, and the improvement of the one-child policy. The individualistic framework is often discussed and analyzed from the perspective of the only child and his family, focusing on the personality development, mental health, socialization, physical development, consumption behavior, education, marriage and childbirth of the only child.

The framework of social structure is in sharp opposition to the framework of individualism, which still pays attention to the one-child phenomenon, but discusses the social structure. A series of macro words such as "modernization process", "social transformation" and "social security system" are often used to explain the one-child phenomenon and put forward corresponding countermeasures.

In the early stage of the one-child study, the framework of policy argumentation and individualism are equally divided; After the middle period, the individualistic framework has an absolute advantage; Since 2 1 century, the framework of social structure has expanded rapidly, and the study of the only child has been included in the grand social transformation process.

2. Professional youth

Professional youth refers to white-collar or blue-collar youth who apply for jobs by skills. For a long time in the past, academic circles divided it into two groups: young workers and young intellectuals.

The research on young workers has shifted from multi-faceted investigation to one-dimensional attention. In the 1980s, academic circles were full of interest in all the trends of young workers. However, with the transformation of industrial structure, although researchers are still interested in young workers' class consciousness, right consciousness and ability to safeguard rights, they still turn to the study of their consumption situation.

On the contrary, in the 1980s, the research on intellectuals mostly stayed in tracing back and describing their ideological beliefs and discussing how to do a good job in the ideological and political work of intellectuals. However, with the advent of the era of knowledge economy, the value and strength of intellectuals have been discovered and excavated, and they have begun to be endowed with the historical mission of the country and the nation. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis and study of the present situation and characteristics of contemporary young intellectuals has become an academic hotspot.

Since the popularity of the foreign word "white collar" in the late 1990s, the academic research on young intellectuals and young workers has been replaced by the analysis of "white collar" and "blue collar".

It is precisely because of this research trend that the two types of "young workers" and "young intellectuals" are integrated and brought into the unified concern of professional youth. However, when people use the conceptual tools of "blue collar" and "white collar", the political significance of the group is no longer so important, and its lifestyle and professional style as a consumer class has become the focus.

3. Rural youth

According to the results of the fifth national census, rural youth account for about half of the total youth population in China. The survival and development of such a huge rural youth group directly affects the stability and development of the country and society. Rural youth actually includes two situations: one is the youth whose household registration is agricultural registered permanent residence and who has lived in the countryside for more than half a year;

The other category is young people who have registered in agricultural registered permanent residence and lived in the city for more than half a year. These two types of rural youth face some common problems in real life, but they have their own characteristics. For different types of rural youth, researchers have different research perspectives, contents and emphases.

Since the reform and opening up, the research on rural youth in China's domestic academic circles can be divided into two stages. The first stage is from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s. Most researchers focus on analyzing the changes of rural youth's thoughts and lifestyles after the reform and opening up, as well as the transfer of rural youth labor force.

The second stage is from the middle and late 1990s to the present. With the issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" rising to a political issue, rural youth research is extremely active. In addition to traditional research topics, the political socialization of rural youth, the protection and social support of floating youth, and the illegal and criminal behavior of rural youth have all become hot spots for presentation and interpretation.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-middle age

? Baidu encyclopedia-youth