On People-oriented in China's Ancient Psychological Thought.

A view that human beings are the most valuable and important things in the world. It is related to the meaning of "man is the spirit of all things", which is an important viewpoint of China's ancient psychological thought and a precious tradition of China's ancient thought. Ancient thinkers in China always made a clear distinction between man and beast. Xunzi in the Warring States Period said: "Fire and water are alive but not alive, plants are alive but ignorant, animals are knowledgeable but meaningless, and people are born with knowledge and righteousness, so it is the most expensive in the world." (Xunzi Wang Zhi) He not only saw the connection between man and animals, plants and even inanimate objects, but also pointed out the fundamental difference between man and animals. Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty believed that man was "the spirit of all things, the most precious thing in the world" (Spring and Autumn Stories, Yin and Yang of Heaven and Earth). Wang Chong of Han Dynasty pointed out that man is valuable because he has knowledge and wisdom. He said: "There are 300 insects, which are man-made. The nature of heaven and earth is more expensive than people, and it is also expensive to know them." He also said: "People, things, the wise of all things." ("Distinguishing Worship") Zhu in the Song Dynasty and Dai Zhen in the Qing Dynasty also had similar arguments.

China scholars have always juxtaposed man with heaven and earth, calling heaven, earth and man "three talents". China's earliest classic "Shangshu" said in the chapter "Tai Shi": "Only heaven and earth are the parents of all things. Only man is the spirit of all things. " This is the earliest statement that China thinkers have always declared that "man is the spirit of all things", which is another statement that people are expensive. Laozi, a thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period, also thought that "there are four major things in the field, and people are the first". The so-called "Big Four" refers to Tao, Heaven, Earth and People. He affirmed that man and heaven and earth are both "big" and have a superior position between them. The Confucian classic "Xiao Jing" said: "The nature of heaven and earth is also expensive." Liu Yuxi, a philosopher in the Tang Dynasty, went further and pointed out the relationship between heaven and man. His theory of "mutual respect" and "mutual use" between man and nature in "On Heaven" further developed the viewpoint of "human value". (See the theory that people are expensive)