What was the name of the mountain culture before

I.　　Definition:

The cultural form that takes landscape as the carrier and the cultural form that takes landscape as the object of expression. In terms of the form of landscape as a carrier, it can be divided into mountain culture and water culture. The so-called mountain culture is the mountain as the main carrier of the scenic spots. The so-called water culture, is to water as the main carrier of the scenic spots

II.　　Essence

Mountain and water, is the human body to stand, constitute the basis of the ecological environment, provides people with living resources, like a mother's milk nourishing her children; landscape, and is the main object of people's practice, in the process of using and transforming the landscape, so that their own needs, wisdom, the ability to cohesion of the landscape, that is, to make their own essence of the power of the object, so that the long history of the river in the accumulation of rich landscape culture. In the long history, they have accumulated a rich landscape culture. The natural environment itself is not landscape culture, but the objective conditions under which it is created; landscape culture, as a unique creation of mankind, is the crystallization of the interaction between man and the natural environment.

The formation of landscape culture is a long-term process of continuous creation. With the development of time and society, and the progress of all aspects of human beings, the needs and relations of people to the landscape naturally evolve. The formation and development of landscape culture is infused with rich historical and cultural content, reflecting the evolution of human civilization

III.　　Formation

1. The formation and development of Chinese landscape culture has superior objective natural conditions

2. Religious activities and the development of landscape have a close relationship, and Chinese landscape culture contains a very rich religious content

3. The mountain and forest culture of China's history is another motivation in the process of the formation of the Chinese landscape culture

IV.　　The characteristics of Chinese landscape culture

1. Chinese landscape culture as the crystallization of the blend of nature and humanity, in the physical form of natural landscapes and cultural relics and monuments are often harmonized as a basic feature, constituting a shining unique color of the scenic spots.

2. In China's many famous mountains, there are some famous mountains of cultural deposition has a strong political color. For example, facing Mount Li, a historic tourist attraction, can not help but think of this seems to be an ancient historical stage.

3. The so-called water culture is the water as the main carrier of the scenic spots. A variety of different waters have different characteristics, such as rivers, lakes, seashore, etc. have their own conditions, and therefore have different cultural connotations.

4. River culture lake culture, is also an important form of Chinese landscape culture,

5. Another important form of Chinese landscape culture, is the cultural phenomenon of landscape as the object of expression. This form of landscape culture includes landscape gardens, landscape poetry and landscape paintings.

6. Garden culture, in China has a long history. In the history of China's gardens, there are two major types of royal gardens and private gardens.

7. Landscape poetry, since the Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties period after the rise of the Tang Dynasty entered a period of maturity, and made brilliant achievements Li Bai "life well into the famous mountain tour", many famous mountains and waters have left his poems, people for the mountains and rivers and the magical beauty of the marvelous and marvelous, for the creation of landscape poetry opened up a wide world. Under their advocacy and influence, Chinese landscape poems of all times have been colorful, and many scenic spots have attracted poets of all times, making landscape poems a great sight in the history of Chinese literature. The numerous landscape poems have explored and embodied the beauty of China's landscapes and expanded the influence of scenic spots in various ways. Along with landscape poems, travelogues describing landscapes gradually developed. Among the various forms of travelogues on landscapes, they can be broadly categorized into two main types: one focuses on lyricism and discussion; the other on investigation and writing. The former is characterized by the use of landscapes to serve people, and treats landscapes as a means of expressing one's feelings. Liu Wanyuan created a fine tradition of writing about life with landscape travelogues. In the Song Dynasty, this kind of travelogue was more generally emphasized, and sometimes narrative, landscape writing, lyricism and discussion were integrated. The latter is characterized by exploring the "truth" of landscapes and reflecting the love of nature in the faithful description of mountains and rivers.

8. In recent times, Wu Changshuo, Huang Binhong, Zhang Daqian, Liu Haisu and others have pushed landscape painting to a new peak, giving it a new contemporary character. Chinese landscape painting, is the gorgeous landscape nurtured, but also make the landscape to get aesthetic expression.

In a word, Chinese landscape culture appears in the form of humanized landscapes, presenting different forms of beauty. It is a crystal of beautiful landscapes and brilliant culture, closely related to philosophy, religion, aesthetics, literature, architecture, sculpture, painting, calligraphy, music, and science and technology, making a variety of cultural phenomena into one