Thermal engineering fundamentals development history

1. About the fundamentals of thermal engineering

Engineering thermodynamics and heat transfer in short. One of the engineering thermodynamics is mainly the study of thermodynamic mechanical efficiency and thermodynamic mass involved in energy conversion in engineering applications, such as thermodynamic energy into mechanical energy to promote the power machinery to do work as well as its efficiency of the discipline, and then, for example, air conditioning will be converted from mechanical energy into thermodynamic energy, etc.; and heat transfer is the study of the transfer of heat in a discipline, such as thermal conductivity of reactors, convective heat transfer, transfer of radiant energy, and so on.

Thermal engineering is mainly used in thermal energy and power engineering, nuclear energy science and engineering, thermal processing engineering, etc., but also in non-engineering aspects.

Thermal phenomenon is one of the earliest natural phenomena contacted in human life. Drilling for fire in ancient times is an example of the conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy. With the needs of mankind in production, life, the use of heat and understanding, has experienced a long time, from heating, hot food to the production of metal tools, there have been a number of inventions, our country in the 12th to 13th centuries, there is fire to produce rotary movement of the lantern and the use of gunpowder backward jet to accelerate the flight of the arrow recorded, which is consistent with the principle of jet propulsion of the modern gas turbine and rockets and so on. However, due to the feudal rule of successive dynasties, the inventions of the working people have not been valued more than the summary of experience, the formation of a set of theories to promote the development of productive forces and the improvement of people's lives.

Human understanding of the nature of heat and the gradual formation of the discipline of thermodynamics, only nearly 300 years ago. 18th century, the source of power is mainly manpower, animal power, as well as wind, water and other natural power. With the development of human society, people are urgently required to solve the problem of insufficient power on the production, so in the 18th century invented the steam engine, the realization of thermal energy to mechanical energy conversion. The widespread use of steam engines in industry has promoted the rapid development of industry. However, due to the steam engine bulky, inefficient and other shortcomings, thus prompting people for water and steam and other substances of the thermal properties of research; at the same time, Carnot on how to improve the thermal efficiency, Meyer, Joule and others on the law of conversion of heat and work carried out a large number of experiments, thus establishing the two basic laws of thermodynamics, greatly contributing to the formation of this discipline and the development of thermodynamics, prompting the thermal engine The continuous development and improvement as well as the creation and invention of new types of power engines. Because steam engine is not suitable for transportation, and also can not meet the huge power needed due to the continuous development and high concentration of industrial production, therefore, under the guidance of the relevant theories of thermodynamics, at the end of the 19th century, then invented the internal combustion engine and steam turbine, the internal combustion engine has the advantages of high efficiency and light weight, and the steam turbine has the advantages of high efficiency and large power. The emergence of internal combustion engines and steam turbines greatly promoted and developed the study of thermal processes and thermal cycles in thermodynamics. The steam turbine and promote the nature of high-parameter steam and high-speed air flow and other issues, so that the two laws of thermodynamics applied to engineering practice, the formation of the discipline of engineering thermodynamics.

The jet engines used in jet airplanes and long-range rockets that appeared during the Second World War can meet the requirements of high-speed and high-altitude flights due to the advantages of generating huge power, and have become the main power to enter the cosmic space. The aviation gas turbine for part of the transformation, that is, to become the gas turbine used on the ground, in the power station, locomotives and ships have been widely used, and in the engineering thermodynamics has also developed the corresponding research content.

In recent years, the use of atomic energy power plant, for mankind to open up a new era of energy utilization. In addition, there is also a new technology of direct energy conversion, which can improve the efficiency of conversion, but also eliminates the need for huge thermal machinery, such as chemical energy directly into electrical energy fuel cells, thermal energy directly into electrical energy temperature difference batteries and magnetic fluid power generation. This in thermodynamics is also now the corresponding research topics.

2. Thermal energy and power engineering from the emergence of China to the current development process

power engineering and engineering thermophysics first-level disciplines under the six secondary disciplines - engineering thermophysics, thermal engineering, power machinery and engineering, fluid machinery and engineering, refrigeration and cryogenic engineering, and chemical process machinery disciplines. Engineering Thermophysics is an applied basic discipline that studies the basic laws and applications of energy in the process of transformation, transfer and utilization of energy in the form of heat, work and other related forms. Its content includes: engineering thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer and combustion, etc., and its engineering applications radiate to a wide range of industrial sectors such as energy, machinery, materials, power, chemical industry, construction, metallurgy, aerospace, light industry, transportation, electronics, etc., as well as many people's livelihood. Engineering thermophysics is the basic theory of the other five secondary disciplines, and the secondary disciplines of a wide range of cross-promotion, mutual penetration and dependence, in this level of disciplines play a supporting and guiding role, and its principles and even a wide range of penetration of other level of disciplines in the scope of almost all the industrial sectors and scientific and technological fields are inseparable. Thermal engineering, power machinery and engineering, fluid machinery and engineering, refrigeration and low-temperature engineering and chemical process machinery disciplines belong to the engineering application disciplines, they use the theory and method of engineering thermophysics to solve practical technical problems in the real engineering field.

In the *** work report of the fourth session of the National People's Congress, Premier Zhou Enlai proposed to build our country into a socialist country with modernized agriculture, industry, national defense, science and technology by the end of the twentieth century. However, it was not until the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in December 1978, after the end of the Cultural Revolution turmoil, that the construction of the four modernizations began after the focus of the Party's work was shifted to economic construction. At that time, the central government set the specific goal of realizing the four modernizations as quadrupling the country's industrial and agricultural GDP to US$800 to US$1,000 per capita in the two decades from 1981 to 2000, on the premise of continuously improving economic efficiency. However, in terms of the level of energy consumption per unit of output value, the total amount of energy production and consumption, and the amount of resource storage of energy in our country at that time, it is impossible to provide a total of up to 2.4 billion tons of standard coal (ton coal equivalent, tce. ?29.31GJ) of energy supply by the year 2000, and it is estimated that at most only half of the total amount, i.e., 1.2 billion tons of standard coal, can be produced. With only a doubling of energy needed to support a quadrupling of output, the situation looks rather grim. In Wu Zhonghua and other representatives of the energy science community under the advice of scientific and technological workers, the Party Central Committee put forward the "development and conservation of equal importance to the near future to save the main" energy policy, set off a wave of energy saving and consumption, and has made remarkable achievements.

At the same time, the education of energy science has also attracted the attention of the older generation of scientific and technological workers in the field of energy, they believe that the realization of the "development and conservation of equal importance to the near future to conserve the main" goal of the energy policy, it is necessary to cultivate a large number of people to master a solid theoretical foundation of the talent team. In 1978 before and after the National Science and Technology Conference, Wu Zhonghua, Shi Shaoxi, Wang Xuanxuan and other members of the Beijing-Tianjin area, the energy power field, one of the leading figures, after many studies and discussions, to determine the current pattern of this postgraduate training of power engineering and engineering thermophysics disciplines, and preparations for the establishment of the engineering thermophysics in Tianjin University, Chongqing University, Nanjing University of Technology, Huazhong Institute of Technology Undergraduate program, the establishment of teachers, teaching materials, experimental base and other collaboration and construction mechanisms. Under the historical conditions and economic personnel system at that time, this was the best way to quickly train suitable talents at all levels. In fact, the theoretical foundation and research ability of the undergraduate engineering thermophysics majors reached the level of quasi-graduate students, which laid the talent foundation for the later units to rapidly improve the academic level. However, this group of students also had the disadvantage of insufficient basic training in engineering, which caused certain difficulties for the practical work of engineering in the future. After entering the era of socialist market economy, the division of this pattern is not reasonable. Engineering thermophysics disciplines and several other secondary disciplines are no longer clearly divided, and the boundaries between the other secondary disciplines are also quite fuzzy.

The crossover between engineering thermophysics and other disciplines is so close that we simply cannot separate them. In practice, there is no one engaged in heat-related work of science and technology workers do not use the theory of engineering thermophysics, do not study the problem of engineering thermophysics, engaged in the theoretical study of engineering thermophysics can never be completely separated from the background of engineering - and thus must intervene in the thermal engineering, power machinery and engineering, fluid mechanics and engineering The study of engineering thermophysics can never be completely divorced from an engineering background - thus necessitating interventions in thermal engineering, power machinery and engineering, fluid mechanics and engineering, refrigeration and cryogenic engineering and/or chemical process mechanics, among others, or even more than a few. The theoretical basis of the disciplines of building environment and equipment engineering, agricultural building environment and energy engineering, aircraft power engineering, environmental engineering, nuclear technology and nuclear engineering, special energy engineering and pyrotechnics, fire protection engineering, etc. is obviously also engineering thermophysics, chemical engineering, petrochemical engineering and other disciplines have to use the theoretical methods of engineering thermophysics, and even metallurgical disciplines have developed up to the present time, but also using the theory and methods provided by engineering thermophysics. Theory and method - the use of fluid mechanics, heat transfer, mass transfer of the basic equations and solutions to study, master and control the metallurgical process.

3. Thermal energy and power engineering

First, the history and development of the professional dynamics of the energy and power industry is the national economy and national defense construction of the important foundation and pillar-type industries, but also involves a number of fields of high-tech integrated industry, in the national economic construction and social development has been playing an extremely important role.

With the development of the national economy, power machinery and thermal equipment in various fields of demand is expanding, thus requiring a large number of professionals, there are more than 120 institutions in China to open a thermal energy and power engineering program. In accordance with the revised and adjusted catalog of majors of general colleges and universities by the Ministry of Education in 1998, thermal energy and power engineering major (080501) belongs to engineering (08), corresponding to the second level discipline of energy and power (0810), which is merged with nine related majors of the old undergraduate program, including the original thermal engine (080311), thermal engineering (080501), fluid machinery and fluid engineering (080501), thermal engineering (080501), thermal engineering (080501), and thermal engineering (080501). Mechanical and fluid engineering (080313), thermal engineering and power machinery (080319W), refrigeration and low-temperature technology (080502), energy engineering (080506W), engineering thermophysics (080507W), water conservancy and hydropower power engineering (080903), refrigeration and cold storage engineering (081409) specialties, is a wide-caliber specialties, a great deal of room for expansion.

The program is a broad-bore program with a lot of room for expansion.

Our thermal and power engineering (refrigeration and air-conditioning direction) is based on the Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering established, the Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering has a similar specialty "mechanical design and manufacturing and automation", the new thermal and power engineering major required to open the basic courses and experiments and the original professional similar to many teaching facilities can be used. ***Many teaching facilities can be used, and the teaching conditions are complementary. In full justification and approved by the Education Commission, my major in 2006 began enrollment, plans to enroll 50.

Second, the concept of professional schooling and characteristics With the development of science and technology, knowledge updating and cross-pollination of disciplines to speed up the speed of the coverage of the energy power class, involving more and more broadly, the need to solve the problem is also more complex, the knowledge structure of energy power professionals also put forward higher requirements (such as the environment, new energy sources, new materials, new processes and other knowledge). In the global warming, the ozone layer of the breakthrough, many areas of the country's power shortage and SARS after the development of refrigeration and air-conditioning technology to emphasize more on the coordinated development of people and the environment, to comfort and energy saving, environmental protection, high efficiency combined with a comprehensive evaluation; pay more attention to the protection of the environment, saving energy and resources, improve energy utilization; more attention to indoor air quality, improve people's quality of life.

Texas has a lot of refrigeration enterprises, such as Asia-Pacific Group, CUHK-Bellett Central Air Conditioning Group, Grid Group and Shandong Shuangyi Group, etc. In order to enable our education to be able to meet the international and local economic standards, so that the students can adapt to the challenging 21st century, in the extensive research at home and abroad on the basis of the development of the discipline of thermal power, combined with the school's "service to the needs of the development of the local economy" orientation. On the basis of extensive research on the development of domestic and foreign thermal energy and power disciplines, combining with the school's "serving the needs of local economic development" and the need for structural adjustment of undergraduate disciplines and specialties, we take modern refrigeration and air-conditioning technology as the main direction of development of the profession, and set up the elective module of the direction of power machinery and engineering, Internship and other practical links, in order to solve the energy and power class broad-bore professional personnel training and China's enterprises on the knowledge structure of professional talents emphasize the contradiction between specialization, training in the field of thermal energy and power engineering, built on the platform of the big machinery, with a solid professional foundation, a strong sense of innovation, good hands-on ability and self-study ability, high quality of the application of high-level specialists, in order to meet the needs of the construction of the economy. This is an engineering application-oriented specialty across the thermal energy and power engineering, mechanical engineering and other disciplines.

Students mainly study the basic theories of mechanical engineering, thermal power engineering and engineering thermophysics, learn the theory and technology of various energy conversion and effective utilization, and receive the basic training of modern power engineers. Through the theoretical mechanics, mechanics of materials, engineering drawing, mechanical design, electrical and electronic technology, engineering thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, control theory, thermal test technology and the professional direction of the course of study, so that the students have engineering thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer and thermal test technology and other thermal energy and power engineering field of basic theories, experimental skills and basic professional knowledge, to master the refrigeration and air conditioning equipment

Graduates of this specialty will have a solid foundation in natural sciences, a good foundation in humanities, arts and social sciences and the correct use of the national language, the ability to express themselves, a more systematic mastery of the field of the broad technical theory of the basic knowledge of the field of science and technology, with a preliminary scientific research, scientific and technological development and organization and management capabilities and strong self-learning ability, sense of innovation and a high level of overall quality, able to engage in energy conversion in all sectors of the national economy, and to provide a good understanding of the basic technology of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment. Various sectors of the national economy engaged in the conversion and utilization of energy, design of power machinery and power engineering, energy-saving technology, key technologies of refrigeration equipment and refrigeration and air-conditioning engineering design, manufacturing, experimental research, thermodynamic control, installation and operation management and marketing. In the development of teaching programs, try to reflect the heavy foundation, wide professional leading idea, emphasizing the big mechanical platform, and does not cut the foundation of thermal engineering, students in addition to the mandatory study of the traditional thermal engineering three major basic courses "Engineering Thermodynamics", "Heat Transfer" and "Fluid Mechanics" in addition to the mandatory study of basic mechanical courses "Theoretical Mechanics", "Mechanics of Materials", "Principles of Mechanical Mechanisms", "Mechanical Design", the full body.

4. Thermal energy and power engineering specializing in what to do later

First of all, let's talk about my own situation! I am Zhongnan Forestry University of Science and Technology 07 thermal energy and power engineering majors, has now graduated a year.

The employment of this profession is very broad, depending on what you choose to specialize in the direction. Our school is the direction of power machinery and fluid machinery, the typical representative of the study are automobile engines and water pumps. Of course, other schools have refrigeration, thermal energy, nuclear energy and other directions, respectively, represented by air conditioning, power generation, thermonuclear.

As many employers are not too familiar with this specialty, not clear that the actual study is divided into so many directions, so the recruitment is somewhat blind. Like me, graduation design is done in the water pump, but now is a car design company to do air conditioning systems. However, in some specialized knowledge is still a bit similar.

5. Thermal energy and power engineering is the study of what the direction of employment is good

Thermal energy and power engineering

The program has five professional direction: thermal engineering, thermal engine, fluid machinery and engineering, air conditioning and refrigeration, air environment pollution control engineering. This program has the right to grant master's and doctoral degrees.

The main courses are mechanical, electrical courses, as well as computer composition technology, microcomputer interface, high-level language programming, engineering thermodynamics, heat transfer, engineering fluid mechanics, combustion, boiler design and calculation, pressure vessel strength, turbomachinery principles, turbine strength and vibration, turbine automatic regulation, hydraulic transmission, vane fluid machinery, air conditioning engineering, refrigeration engineering, air pollution control engineering. Control Engineering, etc.

Direction of Thermal Engineering: Thermal engineering is the study of the release, conversion, transfer and rational use of thermal energy, which is widely used in energy, power, space technology, chemical industry, metallurgy, construction, environmental protection and other fields. Cultivate senior engineering and technical personnel engaged in thermal engineering and engineering thermophysics research, design, operation management, product development.

Thermal engine professional direction: thermal engine mainly research high-speed rotary power plant, including steam turbines, gas turbines, turbojet and turbofan engines, compressors and fans, such as design, manufacturing, operation, fault monitoring and diagnosis, as well as automatic control. It aims to cultivate senior engineering talents for aviation, aerospace, energy, shipping, petrochemical, metallurgy, railroad and light industry.

Fluid machinery and fluid power engineering professional direction: the main study of fluid machinery and its work system automation, in hydropower and water conservancy, machinery manufacturing, transportation, petrochemical, engineering machinery, food and textile, aerospace and aviation, naval armament and even municipal facilities, industrial and civil construction and other sectors have a wide range of applications. The professional direction of the fluid machinery and various types of fluid power system design, operation and automation management, control theory and engineering applications as the focus, training engaged in vane pumps, fans, hydraulic, fluid transmission and control of research, design, manufacturing, operation and product development of senior engineering professionals.

Air conditioning and refrigeration professional direction: the main study of refrigeration and low temperature technology. It is widely used in energy, aerospace, aviation, automotive, petrochemical, food and pharmaceutical production, medical equipment and air conditioning and refrigeration equipment production and other fields. This professional direction of training in air conditioning and refrigeration engineering and equipment design, operation and management, product development and scientific research of senior engineering and technical personnel.

Atmospheric Environmental Pollution Control Engineering specialty direction: the main study of atmospheric environmental protection theory and technology, applied to energy, power, chemical industry, metallurgy, municipal and other fields of atmospheric environmental protection business. The cultivation of professional direction engaged in atmospheric environmental protection theory and technology research and development and engaged in environmental management and planning of senior engineers and technicians.

Thermal engineering involves energy conversion, transfer and effective utilization, is an important part of the national economic development. With the increasingly severe worldwide energy problems, students engaged in energy, thermal engineering is very useful.