What literary knowledge will be involved in the Beijing College Entrance Examination? In class? Extracurricular?

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1. Zhu Ziqing (1898 ~ 1948): Originally named Zhu Zihua, born in Peixian County and Qiushi, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 1898 was born in Donghai, Jiangsu Province. 1928 published a collection of essays "The Back", a famous essayist, poet, scholar and democracy fighter. There are also collections of essays, such as Back, Miscellaneous Notes on European Travel, You and Me, etc. His prose is famous for its "refined language" and "beautiful writing". Mao Zedong praised him for "showing the heroism of our nation".

2. Xiao Tong's Poem on Picking Lotus in Southern Dynasties.

3. Yuefu Poems in Southern Dynasties.

4. Zhou Shoujuan: a modern writer, translator and representative writer of "Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School" (literary school) in the Republic of China.

5. Lu Xun (188 1 ~ 1936): Originally named Zhou Shuren, he was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Modern writer, thinker, revolutionary, leader of China proletarian literature, founder of modern literature. "Lu Xun" was his pseudonym when he published Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, in 19 18. His main works are: collection of novels "Scream", "Wandering" and "New Stories"; There are sixteen essays such as Justice Collection, Two Hearts Collection, Gai Hua Collection and Essays on Cutting Pavilion. Prose collection "Morning Flowers Picking Up in the Evening"; A collection of prose poems, Weeds. Bowing one's head to be a willing ox is a portrayal of his personality spirit all his life.

6. Tao Yuanming, a latent and bright figure, is called Mr. Jingjie by the world, and his own name is Mr. Wuliu. A famous poet in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was also the first pastoral poet in China. Representative works include Peach Blossom Garden, Gui Xi Ci, Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, Gui Yuan, etc. "Relatives or Yu Bei, others have already sung, what if they die?" From his elegy.

7. Wen Xin Diao Long: A masterpiece of China ancient literary theory by Liu Xie, a literary critic in the Southern Dynasties.

8. Jin Shengtan: Rui, a famous writer in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Li Sao, Zhuangzi, Historical Records, Du Fu's Poems, The Water Margin and The West Chamber are all called "Books of Six Talents", and the latter two have been supplemented. It corrected the Water Margin written in the last years of Chongzhen. After seventy-one times, the content about being wooed and receiving Fang La was deleted, and the plot of Lu Junyi dreaming that all Liangshan heroes were killed was added, thus ending the book. There are quite original opinions in the comment on writing, and it also shows the position against the peasant uprising.

9. Gu: No.,born in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, was a thinker and writer in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and the author of Rizhilu.

10. Wang Zengqi: a native of Gaoyou, Jiangsu Province, a modern and contemporary writer and a representative of the "Beijing School Novels". His representative works include the novel "Being ordained" and "Notes on Making a scene".

1 1.lev？ Tolstoy: a great Russian writer, whose masterpieces include the novels War and Peace and Anna? Karenina, resurrection, etc.

12. george sand: French female writer, whose main works are the novels Conso Arrow and The Grinder in Anji Fort.

13. "Candle defeated Qin Shi" is selected from Zuo Zhuan. Zuo Zhuan is China's first historical work with detailed and complete narration. Legend has it that it was written by Zuo Qiuming, a historian of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period. According to the lineage of Emperor Lu, many historical materials of China in the past 250 years since 722 BC are recorded. Also known as Zuoshi Chunqiu Biography, Zuoshi Chunqiu Biography, Gongyang Biography and Guliang Biography, is an excellent historical prose.

14. "Goujian Destroys Wu" is an excerpt from "Guoyu". Guoyu is the earliest national history book in China, which records the historical facts from twelve years to sixteen years of Zhou Zhending.

15. The Warring States Policy is a book that records the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and various vassal states, mainly recording the struggles of strategists and strategists during the Warring States period and related discussions or remarks. After finishing by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty, * * * 33 articles.

16. The Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius, a great thinker at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, and his disciples. The book consists of 20 articles, covering politics, education, literature, philosophy, and the truth of life. It is a recorded style. The Analects of Confucius is a classic work about Confucianism. Together with Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius, they are called the Four Books.

17. (about 372-289 BC), the word, was born in the Warring States period, Zou, a master of Confucianism, and was called "Ya Sheng". Mencius is a book that records Mencius' words and deeds. It consists of seven chapters written by Monk and his disciples, covering political activities, political theory, philosophy, education and ethics. Mencius' main proposition is benevolent government, valuing the people and despising the monarch. "Human nature is good" (see Volume V)

18. Xunzi (about 3 13-238 BC) was a famous thinker of Zhao in the Warring States Period. Xunzi, who advocated "the king's law" and "the theory of evil nature", was written by Xunzi and his disciples and was an important work of pre-Qin Confucianism.

19. Zhuang Zhou (about 369- 286 BC) was a famous thinker in ancient times and one of the representatives of Taoist school. Zhuangzi, written by him and his disciples, is an important work of Taoist thought, with strong literariness and many fables. Together with Laozi, the founder of Taoist school, it is called "Laozi".

20. Jia Yi: a native of Luoyang in the Western Han Dynasty, a politician and writer, was named Jia Sheng. His works include New Books and Qu Yuan Fu.

2 1. Sima Qian (about145-about 87 BC) was a historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty. Historical Records is the first biographical general history in China, including 12 biographies of emperors, 30 biographies of aristocratic families, 70 biographies of celebrities, 10 tables, 8 books and 130 articles. Together with History of Han, History of Later Han and History of the Three Kingdoms, it is called "Four History". Lu Xun praised "Historical Records", saying that "historians never sing, leaving Sao without rhyme". (See Historical Records, Volume 6)

22. Wang Xizhi: (32 1 ~ 379) was born in Linyi, Eastern Jin Dynasty (now Linyi, Shandong Province). He is a famous calligrapher in ancient times, and his brushwork is "floating like a cloud and agile like a dragon", and he is known as "the sage of books". Wang Xizhi is broad-minded and likes natural landscapes. His prose is simple and elegant, with a long lasting appeal, which shows his literary skill. Because he was a general of the right army, later generations called him Wang Youjun. Preface to Lanting Collection is the preface to Lanting Society's poetry collection.

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23. Aesop's Fables: According to legend, it was compiled by Aesop, a liberated slave in ancient Greece in the 6th century BC. It collects ancient Greek folk stories, and adds Indian, Arabic and Christian stories, totaling more than 350.

24. Qian Zhongshu (1910 ――1998): a researcher and writer of modern literature, whose word is silent and whose name is Huai Ju, once used to be Zhong Shujun, a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu. Representative works include: two academic masterpieces, a record of talking about art, a compilation of Guan Cone, a collection of essays "Writing on the Edge of Life" and a short story "People? Beast? Ghosts and the novel Besieged City.

25. Rousseau: French enlightenment thinker, philosopher, educator and writer. Representative works include Emily and Confessions.

26. Sun Li: A native of Anping County, Hebei Province, a modern novelist and essayist. When I was a teenager, I began to contact the May 4th New Literature. My collection of works is Chronology of Baiyangdian, among which Lotus Lake and other works are widely circulated masterpieces. The essay Orioles contains profound philosophy.

27. Shi Tiesheng: Beijinger, a famous contemporary novelist. His works include: My Distant Qingping Bay, The Story of Jumping in the Queue and The Albizia Tree.

28. Wang Bo: Zian was a writer in the early Tang Dynasty. The author of Wang Zian's works. Together with Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo, he was called "Wang Luo" and "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty". Preface to Wang Tengting is his masterpiece of parallel prose.

29. Han Yu: word back, also known as Han Changli, was a writer in the Tang Dynasty and an advocate of the "ancient prose movement" in the Tang Dynasty. The first of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Shi Shuo is his masterpiece of prose. He is the author of Collected Works of Mr. Changli.

30. Du Mu: Mu Zhi, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. In his later years, he lived in Fan Chuan Villa in the south of Chang 'an, named Du Fanchuan. Use quatrains to satirize current events. Author of Fan Chuan's collected works.

3 1. Su Xun: Ming Yun, alias Lao Quan. Northern Song Dynasty writers. The author of Jia. Together with his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, they are called "Three Sus" and are among the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".

32. Wang Anshi: The word "Wang Anshi" was born in the late Mid-Levels, and he was the official to the Prime Minister. He was named Jing Guogong, known as Wang, posthumous title and Wang Wengong in the world. Linchuan people. Politicians, thinkers and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty. One of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". He is the author of Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan.

34. Ouyang Xiu: Zi Yongshu,No. Drunken Weng,No. Jushi, posthumous title Wenzhong, a writer and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty, a leader of the ancient prose movement in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties" and the author of Ouyang Wenzhong's Official Document. Advocate both "Wen" and "Dao", and oppose extravagant style of writing. "June 1st Poetry Talk" created a new genre of poetry talk, which had a certain influence on the development of poetry theory in later generations.

35. Gui Youguang: Xifu, the word Zhenchuan, was a famous ancient prose writer in the Ming Dynasty. He is the author of Zhenchuan Anthology.

36. Zhang Pu: Zi, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, organized cooperatives during the Apocalypse, founded the Fu Society in the early years of Chongzhen, and engaged in literary and political activities. Five Tombstones is selected from his Seven Records of Zhai Ji.

37. Yao Nai: The word Ji Chuan, the word Dream of the Past, was named Bao Xuan, known as Mr. Bao, and was an ancient prose writer of Tongcheng School in Qing Dynasty. He is the author of Xi Baoxuan's Poetry Collection, and Climbing Mount Tai is selected from this book.

38. Gong Zizhen, a thinker and writer in Qing Dynasty. Author of The Complete Works of Gong Zizhen. Ji Hainian wrote 3 15 quatrains on his way home from his resignation, with the total name of Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems.

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Unit 1:

39. Xu Zhimo (1896- 193 1), a representative of the Crescent Poetry School, is the author of Poems of Zhimo and Cold Jade Night.

Cambridge: Cambridge

40. Wen Yiduo: a famous patriotic poet in modern times, a representative of the Crescent Poetry School, an important collection of poems, Red Candle and Still Water, advocates "three beauties": music beauty, painting beauty and architecture beauty.

4 1. Mudan: One of the representative poets of the Nine Leaves Poetry School, with the collection of poems The Explorer and Nine Leaves Collection.

42. Shu Ting: a representative figure of the misty poetry school, whose masterpieces are To the Oak Tree and My Dear Motherland.

43. Pushkin is a great Russian poet and the founder of Russian literature. His famous poems include Ode to Freedom, To Chaadayev, the novel Tzgang: the Captain's Daughter, and the long poetic novel yevgeny? Onegin "(also known as" Eugen? Onegin ")

44. Wordsworth: A representative poet of the English "Lakeside Poetry School".

Petofi: Hungarian patriotic poet, representing freedom and love in poetry, "Life is precious, but love is more expensive. If you are free, you can throw both. "

Unit 2:

46. The Book of Songs and Li Sao respectively created the excellent traditions of realism and romanticism in China's poetry creation.

47. The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. It is a work of about 500 years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. It is usually called The Book of Songs, and it was regarded as a classic by Confucianism until the Han Dynasty. It is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and fu, and it is also divided into fu, comparison, prosperity and elegance.

48. Qu Yuan: A native of Chu during the Warring States Period. Founder and representative writer of Chu Ci. The first great poet in the history of China, the founder of romantic poetry. His masterpieces are Li Sao, Jiu Ge and Tian Wen. Lisao is the masterpiece of Songs of the South, the earliest lyric poem in ancient China and the longest lyric poem in ancient China. Chu Ci is a collection of poems by Qu Yuan and Song Yu in the Warring States Period. It was edited by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty and written by Wang Yiwei in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

49. Peacock Flying Southeast, formerly known as "Ancient Poem for Jiao Zhongqing's Wife", is the earliest and longest narrative poem in ancient China, and it is also called "Yuefu Double Treasure" with Mulan Ci in the Northern Dynasty (note: Mulan Ci is not a folk song of Han Yuefu). Xu Ling, editor of the new fish-chanting platform in the Southern Dynasties.

50. Cultural knowledge in Peacock Flying Southeast;

Hammer bed is furious: "bed" is "seat", not "quilt"

The seventh day of the seventh day: the ninth day, the ninth day of the lunar calendar; Shangjiu: 29; Grade three: Secondary Nine

After dying dusk: dusk: one of twelve o'clock, that is, the same time (equivalent to the current 19 to 2 1 hour).

Lonely people set the beginning: people set: one of twelve o'clock, which is the sea time (equivalent to 2 1: 00 to 23: 00).

5 1. Nineteen Ancient Poems was selected by a group of poets in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It was first seen in the Selected Works of Xiao Tong in Southern Liang Dynasty, and Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long called it "the crown of five words".

Zhong Rong's Poetry praised it as "seamless, in a word."

Unit 3: Tang Poetry and Song Poetry

53. Tang poetry

On the basis of Chen Liang's research and creative practice, Tang poetry has created two new poetic styles: metrical poetry and quatrains, thus expanding the scope of expression of poetry.

② Li Bai: The word Taibai, a famous violet layman, was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, later called "Poet Fairy", and his poetic style was "fresh and elegant".

(3) Du Fu: The word is beautiful, calling himself Shaoling Night Old, also known as Du Shaoling, also known as Du Gongbu. His poems show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry". He was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty, and was later called "Poet Saint". Poetic style: depressed and frustrated.

Three officials: Shi Haoguan, Tongguan official, Xin 'an official, three resignations of marriage, resignation of the old and homelessness.

(4) Bai Juyi: the word Lotte, the number Xiangshan layman, advocated the new Yuefu movement and advocated that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written well". His masterpieces are Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow.

⑤ Wang Wei, an idyllic poet in Tang Dynasty, was called Wang Youcheng. Su Shi called him "painting in poetry and poetry in painting", and he was a poet with Meng Haoran.

Supplement: Frontier poets: Wang Changling, Gao Shi, Cen Can.

⑥ Liu Yuxi: Word Dream, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. The middle school textbook works "Humble Room Ming", "Stone Town" and "Reward Lotte Yangzhou First Meeting" (including famous sentences: Qian Fan on the side of the shipwreck, Wan Muchun in front of the sick tree. )

⑦ Li Shangyin, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, was called "Little Du Li" together with Du Mu (different from Li He).

54.words

① Ci appeared in the Tang and Five Dynasties and was called Qu, Zaju or Qu, which was popular in the Song Dynasty and later renamed Ci. Also called long and short sentences.

② Song Ci is customarily divided into graceful school and unrestrained school. The graceful school is represented by Liu Yong (Northern Song Dynasty), Li Qingzhao (Southern Song Dynasty) and Qin Guan (Northern Song Dynasty), while the unrestrained school is represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji.

(3) Liu Yong, formerly known as Trilateral, was the first professional poet and graceful innovator in the Northern Song Dynasty.

(4) Su Shi: the word Zishan is named Dongpo layman, and he is also called "Su San" with his writings Su Xun and Su Zhe, and his poetry is as famous as Huang Tingjian, which is collectively called "Su Huang". In terms of ci, the scope of expression of ci has been expanded, which is the first in the Song Dynasty. The style of ci is similar to that of Xin Qiji, and they are collectively called "Su Xin". Su Shi's prose is also excellent. He is "one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".

⑤ Li Qingzhao: Yi 'an, nicknamed Yi 'an Jushi, was a poetess in Southern Song Dynasty, a representative figure of graceful and restrained school, and wrote Shuyu Ci.

⑥ Xin Qiji: The word You 'an is named Jia Xuan. Su Shi, the greatest patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, is a representative of the uninhibited school. Jiyan is a short sentence of Jia He.

⑦ Jiang Kui: Poet of the Southern Song Dynasty,no. Baishi Taoist. (The old man in Yan Qian is Xiao Dezao) The masterpiece Yangzhou Slow (The Book of Harmony is often used to express regret and sadness about the past rise and fall of the country).

⑧ Lu You: Weng Fang, the greatest patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, has the most ancient poems.

Unit 4:

55. Yu Dafu: Yu Wen, a modern novelist and essayist. Representative works include: Novel: Sinking, Evening Intoxicated by Spring Breeze, Bo Dian, Prose: Autumn in the Old Capital.

56. Ba Jin, formerly known as Li Yigan, is a famous modern writer. His representative works include the novel Death, the novella Cold Night and the love trilogy (fog, rain, electricity and shower trilogy). The masterpiece of prose "Lamp".

Unit 5:

57. Twenty-four Histories During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the twenty-fourth historical book from Shiji, Hanshu to Mingshi was designated as the "official history" and is now called the twenty-four history. (note: there is no purple tongzhi sword)

58. Balzac:19th century French critical realist writer. He wrote Human Comedy (a general novel, ***9 1), which is called the "encyclopedia" of French society, including Eugénie? Grandet, Gao Laotou, etc.

59. Hugo:/kloc-an outstanding representative of French romantic literature in the 9th century. His main works include Notre Dame de Paris, Les Miserables and 93.

60. Representative works of other writers:

Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais (France) Figaro's Wedding

Biography of rabelais (French) Giant

Moliere's representative works Hypocrite (also known as Da Derfl, with the protagonist Da Derfl) and Miser (also known as Miser, with the protagonist Abagong).

Four misers: Shylock in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, Abago in Moliere's The Miser, and Balzac's Eugénie? Grandet in Grandet, Spillo in Nikolai Gogol's Dead Soul.

Turgelev: Russian writer, famous novels Luo Ting, Aristocratic House, Father and Son, Hunter's Notes.

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65. Contemporary writer Zhao Shuli's representative works include the novel Three Mile Bay, the novella Li Youcai Banhua and the short story The Marriage of Little Erhei.

66. Mao Dun, one of the standard-bearers of modern literature, is famous for his novel Midnight, rural trilogy Spring Silkworm, Autumn Harvest, Remnant Winter and short story Lin Jiabao.

67. Mo Bosang was a master of short stories in the19th century. His masterpieces include the novel Beauty, the short story boule de suif, My Uncle Yule and The Necklace.

68. Contemporary Jiangsu writer Gao Xiaosheng's representative works include Chen Huansheng's Into the City and Li Shun's Building a House.

69. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Shi Naian wrote the novel Water Margin. The Outline of Intelligence in Fertility was selected as the main text.

70. Luo Guanzhong, a native of the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, wrote the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Lost Street Pavilion was selected as the main text.

7 1. Feng Menglong, a novelist in the late Ming Dynasty, wrote Sanyan (Sanyan, Sanyan, Sanyan). Du Shiniang's "The Chest of Wrath" is selected from "Warning the World".

72. Ling Mengchu, a novelist at the end of the Ming Dynasty, wrote Er Pai (one moment surprised, the next surprised).

73. Legends of the Tang Dynasty include Biography (by Li Zhu), Biography of Yingying, Biography of Li Wa and Biography of Huo Xiaoyu.

74. The author of The Scholars is Wu, a novelist in Qing Dynasty.

75. Pu Songling, a novelist in the Qing Dynasty, wrote Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio (a collection of short stories in classical Chinese).

76. Li Ruzhen, a novelist in the Qing Dynasty, is the author of The Mirror Flower Edge.

77. Four condemnation novels in the late Qing Dynasty, Li ()' s Officialdom in the Sky, Wu Woyao (Wu)' s Twenty Years' Adventure, Liu E's Travels of the Old Disabled and Flowers of Evil.

78. Cao Yu, formerly known as Wan Jiabao, is a famous playwright. He has written Thunderstorm, Sunrise, Peking Man and Yuan Ye.

79. The old house is a "people's artist", including the novel Camel Xiangzi, Four Generations under One Family, the drama Teahouse and Longxugou.

80. Shakespeare, a great English Renaissance poet and playwright, wrote comedies A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Merchant of Venice, four tragedies Hamlet, King Lear, Othello Macbeth and the early tragedy Romeo and Juliet.

8 1. Guan Hanqing, a writer of Yuan Zaju, wrote Dou Eyuan, Wangjiang Pavilion, Saving the Wind and Dust, Single Knife Meeting and so on.

82. The author of The West Chamber is Wang Shifu, a drama writer in Yuan Dynasty. Together with Yuan Zaju, this drama represents the highest achievement of Yuan Zaju.

83. Tang Xianzu, a Ming Dynasty opera writer, is the author of Peony Pavilion.

84. Kong Renshang, a playwright in Qing Dynasty, is the author of Peach Blossom Fan.

85. Hong Sheng, a playwright in the Qing Dynasty, is the author of the Palace of Eternal Life.

86. Legends played a major role in the Ming Dynasty and continued until the Qing Dynasty. His representative works include The Peony Pavilion by Tang Xianzu, The Palace of Eternal Life by Hong Sheng and Peach Blossom Fan by Kong.

87. Yuan Hongdao, an essayist in the Ming Dynasty, founded the "Public Security School", which is called "Sanyuan" together with Yuan Zongdao and Yuan Zhongdao.

Literary genre

88. Traditional Chinese opera is a comprehensive stage art centered on the performance of actors, based on singing, reading, doing and playing, and integrating literature, music, dance, art, martial arts and acrobatics. It mainly includes Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zaju in Yuan Dynasty, Legends in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Modern Peking Opera and various local operas.

89. Drama language consists of three parts: Qu Ci, Bai Bin and Jack. The lyrics are the lyrics of the characters in the play; Bai Bin is the spoken language of the characters in the play; Jack is the stage instruction of action, expression and sound effect in the play.

90. Yuan Zaju is an art form that integrates singing, singing and dancing. There are two kinds: Dan Ben (the lead singer of the heroine) and the last Ben (the lead singer of the hero). The roles are Mo (male role), Wai Mo (old man), Dan (female role), (heroine), Bo Er (old woman), Jing (painted face), ugly (painted face) and so on.

9 1. Modern drama is a comprehensive stage art, which can be divided into drama, opera and ballet according to artistic forms and expression techniques. According to the complexity and structure of the plot, it can be divided into one-act drama and full-length drama. According to the theme, the times can be divided into historical dramas and modern dramas. According to the nature of contradictions and conflicts, it can be divided into tragedy, comedy and drama.

92. Novels focus on portraying characters, and reflect social life through complete story and environmental description. Character, plot and environment are the three elements of a novel. The plot generally includes four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending, and some also include prologue and ending. Environment includes natural environment and social environment. According to the length and capacity, it can be divided into novels, novellas, short stories and mini-novels. According to the performance content, it can be divided into science fiction, public security, legend, martial arts, romance and so on. According to the system, it can be divided into chapter novels, diary novels, epistolary novels and autobiographical novels. According to language forms, it can be divided into classical Chinese novels and vernacular novels.

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93. Mencius, named Ke, was an influential Confucian scholar during the Warring States Period. Mencius was written by Mencius and his disciples. There are many important thoughts in Mencius, such as the people-oriented thought of "benevolent government", "good nature" and "valuing the people but neglecting the monarch". Mencius is famous for his metaphor and eloquence. Mencius, the Analects of Confucius, the Doctrine of the Mean and the University are collectively called the Four Books. (See article 17)

94. Li Bai and Du Fu were two peaks in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai's poems are elegant and bold, and the language is natural and fluent. His classical poems and seven wonders are especially praised by later generations, such as Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Difficult to Go to the Sky, Drinking, Visiting the Ancient Vietnam and so on. Du Fu's style is diverse, mainly gloomy, and his language is extremely refined, especially in classical poems and metrical poems, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells, A Car Shop and Ascending the Mountain (see Article 53).

95. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong in Yuan Dynasty, Water Margin by Shi Naian in late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in Ming Dynasty and Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty are also called the "Four Great" classical novels in China.

96. Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was a great writer and thinker in modern China. The first collection of short stories was Scream. His main works include Diary of a Madman, Medicine, Kong Yiji, Hometown, The True Story of Ah Q, etc. Among them, The True Story of Ah Q reveals the weakness of national character, which is still shocking. The method of spiritual victory summarized by the author has become a worldwide topic. (see articles 5 and 6 1)

97. Modernism or modernist literature is a general term for many literary schools prevailing in Europe and America from the 20th century to the 1970s, and 19 appeared in the 1980s.

Stream of consciousness novels in Virginia, England. Woolf's novel Spot on the Wall expresses the "inner truth" of compound words through symbolic suggestion, inner monologue and free association.

Expressionism: Austrian Flantz. Kafka's novel Metamorphosis opposes describing the objective world in a realistic way, but emphasizes expressing the writer's subjective feelings.

Sartre, an existentialist, is a master of contemporary existential philosophy. Sartre's famous plays "The End of the Road" and "The Obedient Prostitute" are both written by traditional realism, while "Flying" has a strong symbolic color, and "Nausea" uses the stream of consciousness technique in many places.

The play Waiting for Dogo by the absurd playwright Beckett is a masterpiece of the absurd.

Magic Realistic Fiction In the 1960s, there appeared a novel creation upsurge in Latin America. With Gabriel. Garcia. Marquez's novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude" is a symbol, and the magical realism novel has reached a very perfect level.

Unit 6:

98. Han Yu, a writer and poet in the Tang Dynasty, was also known as "the Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" with Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and Ceng Gong.

99. Liu Zongyuan, a writer and poet in the Tang Dynasty, was called "Liu Hedong".

100. According to the textbook P 164, the following is added:

Hu Shi's Collection of Attempts, Guo Moruo's Goddess, Zhang Ailing's The Golden Lock, Dai Wangshu's Rain Lane and Ding Ling's Diary of Ms. Sha Fei.

Contemporary:

Wang Meng's New Youth of Organization Department, Deng Youmei's On the Cliff and Zong Pu's Red Bean.

Lu's deep alley, Liu's class teacher, his scar.

Dai Houying's People, People and Gu Hua's furong town.

Lu Yao's life, Wang Zengqi was ordained, and people reached middle age.

Zhang Xianliang's Soul and Body, Jiang Zilong's Joe's About, and Acheng's Chess King.

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10 1. Liang Sicheng: China modern architect and architectural historian.

102. Hawking: British theoretical physicist. He is physically disabled and determined. He has made great achievements in cosmology theories such as BIGBANG and black holes, and is known as contemporary Einstein. There is a brief history of time.

103. Wang Li, Lv Shuxiang and Zhang Zhigong: Modern and Contemporary Linguists in China.

104. Cao Xueqin, Zi Zhan, No.,was a great novelist in Qing Dynasty. It took him ten years to create the immortal masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions (also known as The Story of the Stone), and the last forty chapters were written by Gao E. A Dream of Red Mansions is the epitome of China's ancient human novels, the peak and summary of ancient vernacular novels, a great realistic masterpiece, and is known as the "encyclopedia of feudal society". In art, it not only has a strong traditional style and national characteristics, but also has a distinctive spirit of innovation. The book describes a series of vivid characters, such as Wang Xifeng, who is too smart to miss your life, Jia Baoyu, who hates "official career economy", Lin Daiyu, who is sentimental and obedient, Tan Chun, and Qingwen, who is more humble than the sky.

105. Transition: the writing order commonly used in old-style poems. Start: start. Undertaking: Undertaking the above further negotiations. Turn: Turn, on the other hand, discuss the topic. Conclusion: Full text.

106. General History of China's First Biography. Plutarch in ancient Greece was once called "Biography of the king of world", and his work "Biography" was the beginning of European biographical literature. However, historical records appeared almost two centuries before it.

107. Historical Records is China's first great historical work and figure work centered on figures. Among them, compared with the literary figures in the pre-Qin period, the characters obviously have distinct personalities. In addition, its subjective color and lyricism are the strongest and most prominent in the "official history" of past dynasties. The author said that the purpose of writing this book is to "study the relationship between man and nature, understand the changes from ancient times to modern times, and become a family statement." Its ideological value is mainly manifested in four points: first, it shows a progressive literary view; The second is to show the progressive economic thought; Third, it shows strong democracy and criticism; The fourth is the heroic outlook on life and history.

108. The guarantor An Shu is an important document for us to understand Sima Qian's life and thoughts. Sima Qian wrote three stories in Biography of Lian Po and Biography of Lin Xiangru, namely, Returned Zhao, Mianchi Club, and Apologize with a humble apology. He also wrote biographies for the four gentlemen of the Warring States (Wei Xin, Qi, Chu Chun and Zhao).